“Ali Këlcyra”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Këlcyra was born in Këlcyrë on 28 May 1891, to Xhemal bey Klissura and Hana Luarasi. He went to grammar school in Këlcyrë and then graduated from the Galatasaray High School in Istanbul, Turkey (then Ottoman Empire). He then studied political and administrative sciences at the Mülkiye school in Istanbul.

After the beginning of World War I he returned to Këlcyrë. During the Greek Invasion of Albania in 1914 he went to Vlorë along with other emigrants. He met there with Prince Von Wied and the princess Sophie who had come to visit the emigrants. He left the country to go to San Demetrio Corone, an Arbëreshë settlement in Calabria, Italy.

Period in Italy

In 1915 he enrolled at the Faculty of Jurisprudence at La Sapienza University in Rome. While in Rome, he was exposed to social democratic ideas and began to embrace them. During his tertiary education, he befriended Avni Rustemi and Stavro Vinjau. He graduated in 1919 and returned to Albania one year later along with Themistokli Gërmenji and others to join the Albanian guerrilla movement to fight for Albanian freedom in World War I.

Return to Albania

In 1920 he went to Vlorë and participated in the creation of the “National Defense” organization. The organization had decided to fight the Italian invaders that were holding Albanian territories under the secret Treaty of London (1915). As a result, the Italian Command under Settimo Piacentini expelled him from the Italian-held territories.

Këlcyra participated in the Congress of Lushnje, and was elected a member of the Albanian Parliament as a deputy of Gjirokastër. He represented the People’s Party where he supported Fan Noli but was less reform-oriented, despite his basic social democratic orientation. He supported agrarian reform, endeavored to persuade large landowners to give up some of their land and supported equality for women. Këlcyra is remembered in particular as a great speaker who used his rhetorical skills to attack Ahmet Zogu and his cohorts.

Exile

Këlcyra fled the country after the fall of the Noli government in the late December 1924 and headed the émigré Bashkimi Kombetar (National Unity) organisation, according to his daughter founded in Bari in 1925,^[3] and according to Sejfi Vllamasi's memoirs and very likely, in Vienna.^[4] The Zogist regime sentenced him to death in absentia on several occasions. In 1938, he was closely associated with Mustafa Kruja and his Zara (Zadar) group (Grupi i Xarës) of Albanian emigrants and, as an anti-Zogist, was not openly opposed to the Italian occupation of Albania in April 1939. In 1942 he was a member of the Council of State and was virulently anti-Greek and anti-Yugoslav.

During his stay in Paris, Ali Këlcyra wrote in Le Quotidien and Le Matin reporting on the situation in Albania and on the pro-fascist politics of Ahmet Zogu.

Second World War

In 1942 he returned to Albania and, along with Mit'hat Frashëri, co-founded the Balli Kombëtar organization.^[5] His name is remembered in particular in connection with the so-called Dalmazzo-Këlcyra Agreement of 5 March 1943 that foresaw a ceasefire between Balli Kombëtar and Italian forces in Albania.{{citation needed|reason=This claim needs a reliable source other than communist historical records. See talkpage.|date=April 2017}} In mid-October 1944, during the communist takeover, he fled from Shkodër to Brindisi in southern Italy with Midhat Frashëri, Hasan Dosti, Kadri Cakrani and Koço Muka in a boat provided by the Abwehr. It was a horrendous five-day journey mostly without food and water. In Italy he was interned for almost two years by the British.

Final exile and death

Together with Mid’hat bey Frashëri, he endeavored to keep the anti-communist Balli Kombëtar alive from abroad until it inevitably split into various factions and lost its significance. Këlcyra later broadcast Albanian-language news programs from the West; he died in Rome.

Notes and references

1. ^Ligjvënësit shqiptarë 1920-2005{{Dead link|date=October 2018 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} - Republika e Shqipërisë KUVENDI . Tirana 2005
2. ^European resistance movements, 1939-1945: proceedings Page 129([https://books.google.com/books?id=5ebkAAAAMAAJ&q=Ali+K%C3%ABlcyra&dq=Ali+K%C3%ABlcyra&cd=7])
3. ^{{citation| url=http://www.panorama.com.al/2011/04/10/e-bija-e-ali-kelcyres-hana-ali-kelcyra-kundershtar-i-tre-diktaturave/| language=Albanian| accessdate=2 January 2013| publisher=Gazeta Panorama| date=10 April 2011| title=E bija e Ali Këlcyrës, Hana: Ali Këlcyra, kundërshtar i tre diktaturave| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121125075524/http://www.panorama.com.al/2011/04/10/e-bija-e-ali-kelcyres-hana-ali-kelcyra-kundershtar-i-tre-diktaturave/| archive-date=2012-11-25| dead-url=yes| df=}}
4. ^{{citation| language=Albanian| accessdate=31 December 2013| url=http://www.revistajava.al/dossier/2012521/qazim-mulleti-antizogisti-qe-u-sherbeu-fashisteve| author=Ben Andoni| title=Qazim Mulleti - Antizogisti që u shërbeu fashistëve| trans-title=Qazim Mulleti, the anti-Zogist who served the Fascists| date=2012-05-21| quote=Në këtë kohë, me anë të një barke Xhemal Bushati, Ahmet Dakli, Qazim Mulleti, Dan Hasani, Riza Dani shkojnë në Preko dhe që këndej në Zagreb. “Atje na takon Vukotiç shefi i marrëdhënieve me Shqipërinë në MPJ dhe na këshillon të shkojmë në Paris po ne shkuam në Vjenë…Kështu u formua “Bashkimi Kombëtar në Vjenë” me Komitetin Qendror me anëtarë Xhemal Bushatin, Angjelin Sumën , Ali Këlcurës etj”, shkruan Vllamasi.| archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140101072654/http://www.revistajava.al/dossier/2012521/qazim-mulleti-antizogisti-qe-u-sherbeu-fashisteve| archive-date=2014-01-01| dead-url=yes| df=}}
5. ^The Albanians: a modern history By Miranda Vickers Page 149 ([https://books.google.com/books?id=IzI0uOZ2j6gC&pg=PA149&dq=Ali+K%C3%ABlcyra&cd=9#v=onepage&q=&f=false])