| 词条 | Allacma fusca |
| 释义 |
| image = Dark.round.springtail.1.jpg | name = Allacma fusca | regnum = Animalia | phylum = Arthropoda | subclassis = Collembola | ordo = Symphypleona | familia = Sminthuridae | genus = Allacma | species = A. fusca | binomial = Allacma fusca | binomial_authority = (Linnaeus, 1758) }} Allacma fusca is a species of springtail. This species is endemic to western areas of Continental Europe and the British Isles,[1][2] where it lives in the surface layers of the soil in moist habitats such as among leaf litter. DescriptionAllacma fusca is a large species of springtail with a dark brown globular abdomen; adults reach a length of around {{convert|3.5|mm|in|2|abbr=on}}.[3] There is often a "snowflake"-like marking on the abdomen, which is most noticeable in paler coloured individuals.[3] The mouthparts are internal, and the head bears a pair of antennae, two groups of eyespots known as "composed eyes" and a pair of small post-antennal organs. The setae (bristles) on the third antennal segment are unequal in length, some being much longer than others, and the fourth antennal segment is divided into sixteen sub-segments. There are three thoracial segments, each bearing a leg, and five abdominal segments. The fourth abdominal segment bears an organ known as a "dens", and at the tip of this is a structure known as a "mucro". This species has mucros with smooth outer edges and saw-edged inner edges. In females, the appendage on the fifth abdominal segment is unforked.[4][5]Distribution and habitatThis springtail is native to Western Europe. It is common in the British Isles and inhabits moist terrestrial environments such as plant litter.[4] EcologyInvertebrates living among the soil particles in underground habitats often experience raised levels of carbon dioxide, which tends to increase with depth. Researchers have found that the surface-dwelling Allacma fusca can tolerate a 10% level of carbon dioxide for a few hours while in contrast, the springtail Folsomia candida, which lives deeper in the soil, can survive under the same conditions for more than six weeks.[6] References1. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.faunaeur.org/Maps/display_map.php?map_name=euro&map_language=en&taxon1=59344|title=Distribution of Allacma fusca|publisher=Fauna Europaea|accessdate=25 March 2010}} {{Taxonbar|from=Q4548336}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Allacma fusca}}2. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.stevehopkin.co.uk/collembolamaps/Symphypleona/409ALfus/|title=Allacma fusca in UK and Ireland|last=Hopkin|first=Steve|date=9 May 2006|publisher=University of Reading|accessdate=6 March 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110722061405/http://www.stevehopkin.co.uk/collembolamaps/Symphypleona/409ALfus/|archive-date=22 July 2011|dead-url=yes|df=}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=https://bugguide.net/node/view/129655 |title=Allacma fusca |author= |date= |work= |publisher=BugGuide |accessdate=1 November 2018}} 4. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://urweb.roehampton.ac.uk/collembola/taxonomy/(409%20ALfus)%20Allacma%20fusca%20.html |title=(409 ALfus) Allacma fusca (Linnaeus, 1758) |author= |date= |work=Colembola |publisher=University of Roehampton |accessdate=26 November 2018}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.collembola.org/ |title=Colembola |author=Bellinger, P.F.; Christiansen, K.A.; Janssens, F. |date=1996–2018 |work=Checklist of the Collembola of the World |accessdate=26 November 2018}} 6. ^{{cite journal |author=Zinkler, D.; Platthaus, J. |year=1996 |title=Tolerance of soil-dwelling Collembola to high carbon dioxide concentrations |journal=European Journal of Entomology |volume=93 |pages=443–450 |issn=1210-5759 |url=https://www.eje.cz/pdfs/eje/1996/03/14.pdf }} 4 : Collembola|Animals described in 1758|Arthropods of Europe|Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
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