| 词条 | Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa |
| 释义 |
Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) is an organization dealing with agricultural products in Africa. It is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation as well as the Rockefeller Foundation.[1] Broadly, it deals with improving agricultural products and supporting local farm owners and labor. The late Kofi Annan was on its board of directors; various other members are internationally eminent in fields such as agriculture, policy management or planning and coordination, such as its president since 2014, Agnes Kalibata.[2] GoalsAGRA's stated goals (for 2020) are:[3]
In an interview with This Is Africa, Jane Karuku, President of AGRA, explained their focus: “The first and most important thing is that we have to continue building on the capacity of Africans themselves to do agricultural research. That requires investment in scientists and in research institutions, which receive very little funding by government, so that we can breed more seed varieties that are high yielding and resistant to pests and diseases.”[4] Projects
CritiquesA "Voices From Africa" conference has suggested that AGRA was planned without African voices, and imposes quick-fix technological solutions on complex and historically deep social issues, that it will impose a regime in which farmers lose power over their own seeds and are forced to buy them back from large corporations year after year. This system may also contribute to the marginalization of women.[7][8] The conference compiled a set of papers containing various arguments:
Most of these papers call for local control and food sovereignty as an alternative. Other sources, including the African Centre for Biosafety, Ecoterra Intl. and The Guardian, have reported that the Gates Foundation, allied with Monsanto and Cargill, plans to aggressively promote strains of genetically modified soy in Mozambique and beyond.[9] A conference titled "[https://web.archive.org/web/20120109081827/http://www.alliancemagazine.org/en/content/september-2011 Living With the Gates Foundation]" contained some criticism of Gates Foundation sponsorship. One author suggested that the foundation's influence on media and global health was so great it could chill almost all criticism.[10] References1. ^{{cite web|title=Strengthening Food Security: Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA)|url=http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/what-we-do/current-work/strengthening-food-security-alliance/|publisher=Rockefeller Foundation|accessdate=2 February 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120201192525/http://www.rockefellerfoundation.org/what-we-do/current-work/strengthening-food-security-alliance|archive-date=2012-02-01|dead-url=yes|df=}} 2. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.nasonline.org/news-and-multimedia/news/agnes-kalibata-PWM.html |title=Agnes Kalibata to Receive Public Welfare Medal – Academy's Most Prestigious Award |publisher=National Academy of Sciences |date=January 28, 2019 |access-date=2019-02-12}} 3. ^{{cite news|last=Conway|first=Gordon|title=Global food crisis: Towards a 'doubly green' world|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2011/may/31/global-food-crisis-agriculture-production?INTCMP=SRCH|accessdate=2 February 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=31 May 2011}} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Interview: Jane Karuku, President of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa|url=http://www.thisisafricaonline.com/Perspectives/Interview-Jane-Karuku-President-of-the-Alliance-for-a-Green-Revolution-in-Africa|accessdate=5 September 2013|newspaper=This Is Africa|date=30 July 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130824223311/http://www.thisisafricaonline.com/Perspectives/Interview-Jane-Karuku-President-of-the-Alliance-for-a-Green-Revolution-in-Africa|archive-date=2013-08-24|dead-url=yes|df=}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Good news for cassava as new varieties to combat deadly viral diseases are officially released in Tanzania|url=http://www.newstimeafrica.com/archives/24061|accessdate=5 February 2012|newspaper=Newstime Africa|date=24 January 2012}} 6. ^{{cite news|last=Hultman|first=Tami|title=Africa: Aid Can Spur 'Historic Progress' - Bill Gates|url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201201250001.html|accessdate=5 February 2012|newspaper=AllAfrica|date=24 January 2012}} 7. ^{{cite web|last=Austin-Evelyn|first=Katherine|title=The ‘keepers of seed’: The impact of the ‘Green Revolution’ in Africa on female farmers|url=http://www.consultancyafrica.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=780:the-keepers-of-seed-the-impact-of-the-green-revolution-in-africa-on-female-farmers&catid=59:gender-issues-discussion-papers&Itemid=267|publisher=Consultancy Africa Intelligence|accessdate=2 February 2012|date=16 June 2011}} 8. ^{{cite book|title=Voices From Africa|year=2011|publisher=Oakland Institute|location=Oakland|url=http://www.oaklandinstitute.org/sites/oaklandinstitute.org/files/voicesfromafrica_full.pdf|author=Melissa Moore|editor=Anuradha Mittal|accessdate=2 February 2012}} 9. ^{{cite news|last=Vidal|first=John|title=Why is the Gates foundation investing in GM giant Monsanto?|url=https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/poverty-matters/2010/sep/29/gates-foundation-gm-monsanto?INTCMP=SRCH|accessdate=5 February 2012|newspaper=The Guardian|date=29 September 2010}} 10. ^{{cite news |last = Ogden |first = Timothy |title = How much difference is it making? |url = http://www.hudson.org/files/pdf_upload/Alliance%20magazine%20-%20Timothy%20Ogden.pdf |accessdate = 2 February 2012 |newspaper = Alliance Magazine |date = 1 September 2011 |archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20130403100517/http://www.hudson.org/files/pdf_upload/Alliance%20magazine%20-%20Timothy%20Ogden.pdf |archive-date = 2013-04-03 |dead-url = yes |df = }} External links
2 : Agricultural organisations based in Kenya|2006 establishments in Africa |
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