| 词条 | Gordon Bunshaft |
| 释义 |
| name = Gordon Bunshaft | image = Lever House Courtyard.JPG | image_size = | alt = | caption = Lever House, 1951-1952; Gordon Bunshaft at Skidmore, Owings, and Merrill. Sol LeWitt, Wall Drawing 999. | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1909|05|09}} | birth_place = Buffalo, New York | death_date = {{Death date and age|1990|08|06|1909|05|09}} | death_place = New York City, New York | other_names = | nationality = American | alma_mater = Lafayette High School Massachusetts Institute of Technology | spouse = {{marriage|Nina Wayler |1943|August 6, 1990|reason=his death}} | partner = | children = | parents = | awards = American Institute of Architects Twenty-five Year Award, elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters, Pritzker Architecture Prize | practice = Skidmore, Owings & Merrill | significant_buildings = Lever House, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden | significant_projects = | significant_design = | signature = | website = }}Gordon Bunshaft, {{post-nominals|list=FAIA}} (May 9, 1909 – August 6, 1990), was an American architect, a leading proponent of modern design in the mid-twentieth century. A partner in the architectural firm Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM), Bunshaft joined in 1937 and remained for more than 40 years. The long list of his notable buildings includes Lever House in New York, the Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library at Yale University, the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden in Washington, D.C., the National Commercial Bank in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 140 Broadway (Marine Midland Grace Trust Co.) and Manufacturers Hanover Trust Branch Bank in New York; the last was the first post-war "transparent" bank on the East Coast.[1] Early lifeBunshaft was born in Buffalo, New York, to Russian Jewish immigrant parents,[2] and attended Lafayette High School. He received both his undergraduate (1933) and his master's (1935) degrees from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, studied in Europe on a Rotch Traveling Scholarship from 1935 to 1937. Career{{expand section|date=April 2014}}After his traveling scholarship, Bunshaft worked briefly for Edward Durell Stone and industrial designer Raymond Loewy before joining SOM. Bunshaft's early influences included Mies van der Rohe and Le Corbusier.[3] In the 1950s, Bunshaft was hired by the State Department's Office of Foreign Building Operations as a collaborator on the design for several U.S. consulates in Germany.[4][5] Bunshaft's only single-family residence was the 2300 square foot (210 m²) Travertine House, built for his own family. On his death he left the house to MoMA, which sold it to Martha Stewart in 1995.[6] Her extensive remodelling stalled amid an acrimonious planning dispute with a neighbour. In 2005, she sold the house to textile magnate Donald Maharam, who described the house as "decrepit and largely beyond repair" and demolished it.[7][8][9] Awards and honorsBunshaft was elected to the National Institute of Arts and Letters and was the recipient of numerous other honors and awards. He received the Brunner Prize of the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters in 1955, and its gold medal in 1984. He also received the American Institute of Architects Twenty-five Year Award for Lever House, in 1980, and the Pritzker Architecture Prize, in 1988. In 1958, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member, and became a full member in 1959. From 1963 to 1972, he was a member of the Commission of Fine Arts in Washington.[1] Upon receiving the Pritzker Prize in 1988,[10] for which he nominated himself,[11] he gave the shortest speech of any winner in the award's history, stating:
Bunshaft was a trustee of the Museum of Modern Art. He also received the Medal of Honor of the New York Chapter of the American Institute of Architects.[1] LegacyBunshaft's personal papers are held by the Department of Drawings & Archives in the Avery Architectural and Fine Arts Library at Columbia University; his architectural drawings remain with SOM. Buildings
GalleryPersonal lifeIn 1943, Bunshaft married Nina Wayler (d. 1994). They were avid collectors of contemporary art and owned many major pieces including works by Joan Miró, Dubuffet, Giacometti, Léger and Noguchi.[1] They lived in the Manhattan House Apartments in New York's Upper East Side, which he helped design, and at the Travertine House in East Hampton, which was his only single-family residence.[6] He is buried next to his wife and parents in the Temple Beth El cemetery on Pine Ridge Road in Buffalo, New York. References1. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|last1=Goldberger|first1=Paul|title=Gordon Bunshaft, Architect, Dies at 81|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/08/obituaries/gordon-bunshaft-architect-dies-at-81.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=8 August 1990}} 2. ^Vanity Fair: "Forever Modern" October 2002 3. ^Thomas E. Luebke, ed., Civic Art: A Centennial History of the U.S. Commission of Fine Arts (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Commission of Fine Arts, 2013): Appendix B, p. 541. 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Goldberger|first1=Paul|title=ARCHITECTURE VIEW; Gordon Bunshaft: A Man Who Died Before His Time?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1990/08/19/arts/architecture-view-gordon-bunshaft-a-man-who-died-before-his-time.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=19 August 1990}} 5. ^{{cite news|last1=Times|first1=Special To The New York|title=ARTS CENTER PICKS LAST 2 ARCHITECTS; Saarinen and Bunshaft Will Round Out Design Team for Lincoln Sq. Project WORKS RECEIVE PRAISE Group Will Be Coordinated by Wallace K. Harrison -'Dynamic' Result Sought|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1958/11/17/archives/arts-center-picks-last-2-architects-saarinen-and-bunshaft-will.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=17 November 1958}} 6. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Patricia Leigh|title=Can It Be True? Is Martha Stewart Really Going Modern?|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1995/02/23/garden/can-it-be-true-is-martha-stewart-really-going-modern.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=23 February 1995}} 7. ^Martha's Gordon Bunshaft House Gets the Shaft - Hollywood's Fear of Flying - Warner Music Gets Murder Inc. - Ivy League Beauty Pageants - Bill Weld's Uphill Battle for Albany {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060702051502/http://newyorkmetro.com/nymetro/news/people/columns/intelligencer/12021/ |date=2006-07-02 }}. Newyorkmetro.com (2005-05-23). Retrieved on 2014-04-12. 8. ^ {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060411145123/http://www.nationaltrust.org/Magazine/archives/arch_story/093005.htm |date=April 11, 2006 }} 9. ^{{cite news|last1=Monchaux|first1=Thomas De|title=Modernist Masterpiece, and Soon a Prime Building Site|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2005/07/03/arts/modernist-masterpiece-and-soon-a-prime-building-site.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=3 July 2005}} 10. ^{{cite news|last1=Goldberger|first1=Paul|title=Bunshaft and Niemeyer Share Architecture Prize|url=https://www.nytimes.com/1988/05/24/arts/bunshaft-and-niemeyer-share-architecture-prize.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=24 May 1988}} 11. ^How to win the Pritzker Architecture Prize: Practice, practice, practice (and don't be shy about nominating yourself) 12. ^{{cite news|last1=Pogrebin|first1=Robin|title=New York Landmarks Panel Wants Changes in Plan for Former Bank|url=https://artsbeat.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/04/13/new-york-landmarks-panel-wants-changes-in-plan-for-former-bank/|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=April 13, 2011|language=en}} 13. ^{{cite web | title = Public Works: Harry Bertoia for the Public | publisher = Harry Bertoia | url = http://harrybertoia.org/public-works.html | accessdate = March 2015}} 14. ^{{cite news|title=Fans of Modernism Criticize Cigna's Plan to Raze Offices|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2001/02/22/nyregion/fans-of-modernism-criticize-cigna-s-plan-to-raze-offices.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=22 February 2001}} 15. ^{{cite news|last1=Pristin|first1=Terry|title=Philip Morris USA Starts Its Move to a Historic Building|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2003/11/26/business/philip-morris-usa-starts-its-move-to-a-historic-building.html|accessdate=30 March 2017|work=The New York Times|date=26 November 2003}} Further reading
External links{{Portal|Biography}}{{commons category}}
11 : 1909 births|1990 deaths|Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni|Modernist architects from the United States|20th-century American architects|Architects from New York (state)|Architects from Buffalo, New York|American people of Russian-Jewish descent|Jewish architects|Pritzker Architecture Prize winners|Fellows of the American Institute of Architects |
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