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词条 Alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein
释义

  1. Function

  2. See also

  3. References

  4. External links

  5. Further reading

{{Infobox_gene}}{{lowercase title}}

alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein (AHSG) also known as fetuin-A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the AHSG gene.[1][2][3] Fetuin-A belongs to the fetuin class of plasma binding proteins and is more abundant in fetal than adult blood.

Function

Alpha2-HS glycoprotein, a glycoprotein present in the serum, is synthesized by hepatocytes. The AHSG molecule consists of two polypeptide chains, which are both cleaved from a proprotein encoded from a single mRNA. It is involved in several functions, such as endocytosis, brain development and the formation of bone tissue. The protein is commonly present in the cortical plate of the immature cerebral cortex and bone marrow hemopoietic matrix, and it has therefore been postulated that it participates in the development of the tissues. However, its exact significance is still obscure.[3]

The choroid plexus is an established extrahepatic expression site. The mature circulating AHSG molecule consists of two polypeptide chains, which are both cleaved from a proprotein encoded from a single mRNA. Multiple post-translational modifications have been reported.[4] Thus AHSG is a secreted partially phosphorylated glycoprotein with complex proeolytic processing that circulates in blood and extracellular fluids. In the test tube AHSG can bind multiple ligands and therefore has been claimed to be involved in several functions, such as endocytosis, brain development and the formation of bone tissue. Most of these functions await confirmation in vivo.

Fetuins are carrier proteins like albumin. Fetuin-A forms soluble complexes with calcium and phosphate and thus is a carrier of otherwise insoluble calcium phosphate.[5][6] Thus fetuin-A is a potent inhibitor of pathological calcification, in particular Calciphylaxis[7]. Mice deficient in fetuin-A show systemic calcification of soft tissues.[8][9]

See also

  • Fetuin-B

References

1. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Rizzu P, Baldini A | title = Three members of the human cystatin gene superfamily, AHSG, HRG, and KNG, map within one megabase of genomic DNA at 3q27 | journal = Cytogenet. Cell Genet. | volume = 70 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 26–8 | year = 1995 | pmid = 7736783 | doi = 10.1159/000133984| url = }}
2. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Osawa M, Umetsu K, Sato M, Ohki T, Yukawa N, Suzuki T, Takeichi S | title = Structure of the gene encoding human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) | journal = Gene | volume = 196 | issue = 1–2 | pages = 121–5 |date=September 1997 | pmid = 9322749 | doi = 10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00216-3 | url = }}
3. ^1 {{cite web | title = Entrez Gene: AHSG alpha-2-HS-glycoprotein| url = https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez?Db=gene&Cmd=ShowDetailView&TermToSearch=197| accessdate = }}
4. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Jahnen-Dechent W, Trindl A, Godovac-Zimmermann J, Müller-Esterl W | title = Posttranslational processing of human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (human fetuin). Evidence for the production of a phosphorylated single-chain form by hepatoma cells | journal = Eur. J. Biochem. | volume = 226 | issue = 1 | pages = 59–69 |date=November 1994 | pmid = 7525288 | doi = 10.1111/j.1432-1033.1994.tb20026.x| url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/ejb/1994/00000226/00000001/art00007 }}
5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Heiss A, Eckert T, Aretz A, Richtering W, van Dorp W, Schäfer C, Jahnen-Dechent W | title = Hierarchical role of fetuin-A and acidic serum proteins in the formation and stabilization of calcium phosphate particles | journal = J. Biol. Chem. | volume = 283 | issue = 21 | pages = 14815–25 |date=May 2008 | pmid = 18364352 | doi = 10.1074/jbc.M709938200 | url = }}
6. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Jahnen-Dechent W, Schäfer C, Ketteler M, McKee MD | title = Mineral chaperones: a role for fetuin-A and osteopontin in the inhibition and regression of pathologic calcification | journal = J. Mol. Med. | volume = 86 | issue = 4 | pages = 379–89 |date=April 2008 | pmid = 18080808 | doi = 10.1007/s00109-007-0294-y | url = }}
7. ^{{Cite journal|last=Bojincă|first=Violeta Claudia|last2=Bojincă|first2=Mihai|last3=Iosif|first3=Cristina Ileana|last4=Bălănescu|first4=Şerban Mihai|last5=Bălănescu|first5=Andra Rodica|date=2018|title=Diagnostic challenges in a patient with calciphylaxia - a case report|journal=Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology = Revue Roumaine de Morphologie et Embryologie|volume=59|issue=2|pages=591–594|issn=1220-0522|pmid=30173268}}
8. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Westenfeld R, Schäfer C, Smeets R, Brandenburg VM, Floege J, Ketteler M, Jahnen-Dechent W | title = Fetuin-A (AHSG) prevents extraosseous calcification induced by uraemia and phosphate challenge in mice | journal = Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. | volume = 22 | issue = 6 | pages = 1537–46 |date=June 2007 | pmid = 17389622 | doi = 10.1093/ndt/gfm094 | url = }}
9. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Schafer C, Heiss A, Schwarz A, Westenfeld R, Ketteler M, Floege J, Muller-Esterl W, Schinke T, Jahnen-Dechent W | title = The serum protein alpha 2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin-A is a systemically acting inhibitor of ectopic calcification | journal = J. Clin. Invest. | volume = 112 | issue = 3 | pages = 357–66 |date=August 2003 | pmid = 12897203 | pmc = 166290 | doi = 10.1172/JCI17202 | url = }}

External links

  • {{UCSC gene info|AHSG}}

Further reading

{{refbegin | 2}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Ketteler M, Vermeer C, Wanner C |title=Novel insights into uremic vascular calcification: role of matrix Gla protein and alpha-2-Heremans Schmid glycoprotein/fetuin. |journal=Blood Purif. |volume=20 |issue= 5 |pages= 473–6 |year= 2003 |pmid= 12207096 |doi=10.1159/000063554 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | author=Ketteler M |title=Fetuin-A and extraosseous calcification in uremia. |journal=Curr. Opin. Nephrol. Hypertens. |volume=14 |issue= 4 |pages= 337–42 |year= 2005 |pmid= 15931001 |doi=10.1097/01.mnh.0000172719.26606.6f }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Yang F, Schwartz Z, Swain LD |title=Alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein: expression in chondrocytes and augmentation of alkaline phosphatase and phospholipase A2 activity. |journal=Bone |volume=12 |issue= 1 |pages= 7–15 |year= 1991 |pmid= 2054237 |doi=10.1016/8756-3282(91)90048-N |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Araki T, Yoshioka Y, Schmid K |title=The position of the disulfide bonds in human plasma alpha 2 HS-glycoprotein and the repeating double disulfide bonds in the domain structure. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=994 |issue= 3 |pages= 195–9 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2645941 |doi= 10.1016/0167-4838(89)90293-8}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Kellermann J, Haupt H, Auerswald EA, Müller-Ester W |title=The arrangement of disulfide loops in human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein. Similarity to the disulfide bridge structures of cystatins and kininogens. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=264 |issue= 24 |pages= 14121–8 |year= 1989 |pmid= 2760061 |doi= }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Magnuson VL, McCombs JL, Lee CC |title=Human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein localized to 3q27----q29 by in situ hybridization |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=47 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 72–4 |year= 1988 |pmid= 3356172 |doi=10.1159/000132509 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Lee CC, Bowman BH, Yang FM |title=Human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein: the A and B chains with a connecting sequence are encoded by a single mRNA transcript. |journal=Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |volume=84 |issue= 13 |pages= 4403–7 |year= 1987 |pmid= 3474608 |doi=10.1073/pnas.84.13.4403 | pmc=305097 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Keeley FW, Sitarz EE |title=Identification and quantitation of alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein in the mineralized matrix of calcified plaques of atherosclerotic human aorta. |journal=Atherosclerosis |volume=55 |issue= 1 |pages= 63–9 |year= 1985 |pmid= 3924066 |doi=10.1016/0021-9150(85)90166-2 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Yoshioka Y, Gejyo F, Marti T |title=The complete amino acid sequence of the A-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=261 |issue= 4 |pages= 1665–76 |year= 1986 |pmid= 3944104 |doi= |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Matsushima K, Cheng M, Migita S |title=Purification and physicochemical characterization of human alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein. |journal=Biochim. Biophys. Acta |volume=701 |issue= 2 |pages= 200–5 |year= 1982 |pmid= 6803836 |doi= 10.1016/0167-4838(82)90114-5}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Gejyo F, Chang JL, Bürgi W |title=Characterization of the B-chain of human plasma alpha 2HS-glycoprotein. The complete amino acid sequence and primary structure of its heteroglycan. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=258 |issue= 8 |pages= 4966–71 |year= 1983 |pmid= 6833285 |doi= |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Rizzu P, Baldini A |title=Three members of the human cystatin gene superfamily, AHSG, HRG, ((and KNG)), map within one megabase of genomic DNA at 3q27 |journal=Cytogenet. Cell Genet. |volume=70 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 26–8 |year= 1995 |pmid= 7736783 |doi=10.1159/000133984 }}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Srinivas PR, Wagner AS, Reddy LV |title=Serum alpha 2-HS-glycoprotein is an inhibitor of the human insulin receptor at the tyrosine kinase level. |journal=Mol. Endocrinol. |volume=7 |issue= 11 |pages= 1445–55 |year= 1994 |pmid= 7906861 |doi=10.1210/me.7.11.1445 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Nawratil P, Lenzen S, Kellermann J |title=Limited proteolysis of human alpha2-HS glycoprotein/fetuin. Evidence that a chymotryptic activity can release the connecting peptide. |journal=J. Biol. Chem. |volume=271 |issue= 49 |pages= 31735–41 |year= 1997 |pmid= 8940198 |doi=10.1074/jbc.271.49.31735 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Osawa M, Umetsu K, Ohki T |title=Molecular evidence for human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) polymorphism. |journal=Hum. Genet. |volume=99 |issue= 1 |pages= 18–21 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9003486 |doi=10.1007/s004390050302 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Osawa M, Umetsu K, Sato M |title=Structure of the gene encoding human alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG) |journal=Gene |volume=196 |issue= 1–2 |pages= 121–5 |year= 1997 |pmid= 9322749 |doi=10.1016/S0378-1119(97)00216-3 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Umekawa T, Iguchi M, Konya E |title=Localization and inhibitory activity of alpha(2)HS-glycoprotein in the kidney. |journal=Urol. Res. |volume=27 |issue= 5 |pages= 315–8 |year= 2000 |pmid= 10550518 |doi=10.1007/s002400050157 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Olivier E, Soury E, Ruminy P |title=Fetuin-B, a second member of the fetuin family in mammals. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=350 |issue= 2|pages= 589–97 |year= 2001 |pmid= 10947975 |doi= 10.1042/0264-6021:3500589| pmc=1221288 |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Osawa M, Yuasa I, Kitano T |title=Haplotype analysis of the human alpha2-HS glycoprotein (fetuin) gene. |journal=Ann. Hum. Genet. |volume=65 |issue= Pt 1 |pages= 27–34 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11415520 |doi=10.1046/j.1469-1809.2001.6510027.x |display-authors=etal}}
  • {{cite journal | vauthors=Haglund AC, Ek B, Ek P |title=Phosphorylation of human plasma alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (human fetuin) in vivo. |journal=Biochem. J. |volume=357 |issue= Pt 2 |pages= 437–45 |year= 2001 |pmid= 11439093 |doi=10.1042/0264-6021:3570437 | pmc=1221970 }}
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