“Alpinacris tumidicauda”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

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Alpinacris tumidicauda

释义

Distribution and habitat
Species description
Type information Polymorphism
References

{{Italic title}}{{Taxobox
| name = Alpinacris tumidicauda
| image = NZAcrididae10.JPG
| image_caption = Female
| regnum = Animalia
| phylum = Arthropoda
| classis = Insecta
| ordo = Orthoptera
| familia = Acrididae
| genus = Alpinacris
| species = A. tumidicauda
| binomial = Alpinacris tumidicauda
| binomial_authority = Bigelow, 1967 ^[1]
| range_map = NZAcrididae11.png
| range_map_caption = The distribution of A. tumidicauda in New Zealand
}}

Alpinacris tumidicauda is a species of grasshopper only known from Otago and Southland, New Zealand. The genus Alpinacris is endemic to the South Island of New Zealand. A. tumidicauda was described in 1967 by Robert Sidney Bigelow,^[1] with a type locality of Obelisk ({{Lang-mi|Kopuwai}}) in the Old Man Range {{nowrap|({{coord|-45.3228|169.2074|type:mountain_region:NZ|format=dms|display=inline|name=Obelisk}}).}} A male holotype and paratype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch. Like all of New Zealand sub-alpine and alpine grasshoppers, A. tumidicauda has a 2- or 3-year life cycle. The eggs must "overwinter" before they will hatch. Hoppers are found throughout the year, and adult grasshoppers can be found throughout the New Zealand summer between December and April. The adult A. tumidicauda do not overwinter.

Distribution and habitat

Alpinacris tumidicauda is known only from the Otago and Southland regions of New Zealand.^[2] It can be found as far south as Cleughearn Peak {{nowrap|({{coord|-45.8287|167.4030|type:mountain_region:NZ|format=dms|display=inline|name=Cleughearn Peak}})}} and as far north as Mount Aurum {{nowrap|({{coord|-44.7695|168.6225|type:mountain_region:NZ|format=dms|display=inline|name=Mount Aurum}}).}} Alpinacris tumidicauda prefers alpine tussock grasslands between {{convert|1300|and|1700|m|ft}}; it can, however, be found as low as {{convert|700|m|ft}} near the Nevis River {{nowrap|({{coord|-45.147|169.000|type:river_region:NZ|format=dms|display=inline|name=Nevis River}}).}} It is one of three known species of alpine grasshoppers that are found in Fiordland, the other two being Sigaus homerensis and Sigaus takahe.^[3]Alpinacris tumidicauda has a "sister species", Alpinacris crassicauda. There would have originally been only one species of Alpinacris in the South Island; however, the Alpine Fault has separated this species over time, so at the present there are two species—A. tumidicauda in southeast of the South Island and A. crassicauda in the northwest of the island.^[4]^[5]

Species description

A. tumidicauda is micropterous (small-winged), with wings measuring between {{convert|2|and|4|mm|in}}, making this species flightless like most New Zealand grasshoppers. Male body length is {{convert|12|-|14|mm|in}}; female body length is {{convert|21|-|24|mm|in}}.

Type information

Bigelow, R. S. (1967). The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, Their Taxonomy and Distribution. Christchurch: University of Canterbury
Type locality: Obelisk, Old Man Range, Otago, {{convert|1372|m|ft}}
Type specimen: Male; 3 December 1963; R. S. Bigelow. Holotype and paratype are deposited in the Canterbury Museum, Christchurch.

Polymorphism

Four colour morphs are known for adult A. tumidicauda: green, olive, dark olive and yellow-brown. The most common colour morph is green, followed by the yellow-brown colour morph.

References

1. ^¹{{cite book |author=R. S. Bigelow |title=The Grasshoppers of New Zealand, their Taxonomy and Distribution|publisher=University of Canterbury |location=Christchurch|year=1967}}
2. ^Morris SJ. 2002. Distribution and Taxonomic status of New Zealand endangered grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Department of Conservation, Wellington.
3. ^Morris, S.J. 2003: Two new species of Sigaus from Fiordland, New Zealand (Orthoptera: Acrididae). New Zealand entomologist, 26: 65–74. PDF {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110721043620/http://www.ento.org.nz/nzentomologist/free_issues/NZEnto26_1_2003/Volume%2026-65-74.pdf |date=2011-07-21 }}
4. ^Trewick SA, Wallis GP. 2001: Bridging the “beech-gap”: New Zealand invertebrate phylogeography implicates Pleistocene glaciation and pliocene isolation. Evolution 55, No. 11: 2170–2180.
5. ^Heads, M. 1998. Biogeographic disjunction along the Alpine Fault, New Zealand. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 63:161–176.

4 : Acrididae of New Zealand|Endemic fauna of New Zealand|Insects described in 1967|Acrididae

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