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词条 Alternative treatments used for the common cold
释义

  1. Cold temperature

  2. Vitamin C

  3. Echinacea

  4. Chicken soup

  5. Pelargonium sidoides extract

  6. Steam inhalation

  7. Zinc

  8. References

Alternative treatments used for the common cold include numerous home remedies and alternative medicines. Scientific research regarding the efficacy of each treatment is generally nonexistent or inconclusive.[1][2][3] Current best evidence indicates prevention, including hand washing and neatness,[4][5] and management of symptoms.[6]

Cold temperature

Many believe that cold temperature can cause and therefore prevention of exposure to cold temperature can prevent the common cold. Evidence does not support this association.[7]

Vitamin C

{{main|Vitamin C and the common cold}}

Vitamin C was identified in the early part of the previous century and there was much interest in its possible effects on various infections including the common cold.[8][9][10] A few controlled trials on the effect of vitamin C on the common cold were carried out already in the 1940s,[10] but the topic became particularly popular after 1970, when Linus Pauling, a double Nobel laureate, wrote a best-selling book Vitamin C and the Common Cold.[8][11] Pauling's book led to great interest in the topic among lay people, but also among academic circles. After Pauling's book, a number of controlled trials were carried out. However, the interest disappeared after the middle of 1970s apparently because of the publication of two reviews and one primary study, which all concluded that vitamin C does not influence the common cold. However, the three papers were later shown to be erroneous.[8][9][10][11]

According to the Cochrane review on vitamin C and the common cold, 1 g/day or more of vitamin C does not influence common cold incidence in the general community.[10] However, in five randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trials with participants who were under heavy short-term physical stress (three of the trials were with marathon runners), vitamin C halved the incidence of colds.[10] In the dose of 1 g/day or more, vitamin C shortened the duration of colds in adults by 8% and in children by 18%.[10] Vitamin C also decreased the severity of colds.

Echinacea

A systematic review by the Cochrane Collaboration, last updated in 2014, examines twenty-four randomized controlled trials studying various echinacea preparations for prevention and treatment of the common cold. Echinacea showed no benefit over placebo for prevention.[2] Evidence for treatment was inconsistent. Reported side effects were rare.[2]

2007 meta-analyses conclude that there is some evidence that echinacea may reduce either the duration or severity of the common cold, but results are not consistent.[12]

Use of echinacea preparations is not currently recommended.[1][13][14][15][16][17]

Chicken soup

In the twelfth century, Moses Maimonides wrote, "Chicken soup ... is recommended as an excellent food as well as

medication."[18]

Since then, there have been numerous reports in the United States that chicken soup alleviates the symptoms of the common cold. Even usually staid medical journals have published tongue-in-cheek articles on the alleged medicinal properties of chicken soup.[19][20][21]

Pelargonium sidoides extract

A 2013 Cochrane review found tentative evidence of benefit with Pelargonium sidoides for the symptoms of the common cold; however, the quality of the evidence was very poor.[22]

Steam inhalation

Many people believe that steam inhalation reduces cold symptoms.[23] There is no evidence suggesting that steam inhalation is effective for treating the common cold.[3] There have been reports of children being badly burned by accidentally spilling the water used for steam inhalation.[24]

Evidence does not support a relationship between cold temperature exposure or a "chill" (feeling of coldness) and the common cold.[25]

Zinc

Zinc is tentatively linked to a shorter length of symptoms.[26]

References

1. ^1 {{Cite web| title = A Survival Guide for Preventing and Treating Influenza and the Common Cold | publisher = American Lung Association |date=August 2005 | url = http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35873#done | accessdate = 2007-06-11 |archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20070108231912/http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35873#done |archivedate = 2007-01-08}}
2. ^1 2 {{Cite journal|last=Karsch-Völk|first=Marlies|last2=Barrett|first2=Bruce|last3=Kiefer|first3=David|last4=Bauer|first4=Rudolf|last5=Ardjomand-Woelkart|first5=Karin|last6=Linde|first6=Klaus|date=2014-02-20|title=Echinacea for preventing and treating the common cold|url=|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|volume=|issue=2|pages=CD000530|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000530.pub3|issn=1469-493X|pmc=4068831|pmid=24554461|via=}}
3. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Singh|first=Meenu|last2=Singh|first2=Manvi|date=2013-06-04|title=Heated, humidified air for the common cold|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|issue=6|pages=CD001728|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub5|issn=1469-493X|pmid=23733382}}
4. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Boyce JM, Pittet D |title=Guideline for Hand Hygiene in Health-Care Settings. Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and the HICPAC/SHEA/APIC/IDSA Hand Hygiene Task Force. Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America/Association for Professionals in Infection Control/Infectious Diseases Society of America |journal=MMWR Recomm Rep |volume=51 |issue=RR–16 |pages=1–45, quiz CE1–4 |date=October 2002 |pmid=12418624 |doi= |url=https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/PDF/rr/rr5116.pdf}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/chn-rcs/handwash-eng.php|title=Staying healthy is in your hands - Public Health Agency Canada|website=|accessdate=5 May 2008|date=17 April 2008|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080606091500/http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/chn-rcs/handwash-eng.php|archivedate=2008-06-06|deadurl=yes|df=}}
6. ^{{cite web|title=Common Cold: Treatments and Drugs |publisher=Mayo Clinic |url=http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/common-cold/DS00056/DSECTION=treatments-and-drugs |accessdate=9 January 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100212105512/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/common-cold/DS00056/DSECTION%3Dtreatments-and-drugs |archivedate=12 February 2010 |deadurl=no }}
7. ^1 {{Cite journal|last=Eccles|first=R.|date=2002-09-01|title=Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold|journal=Rhinology|volume=40|issue=3|pages=109–114|issn=0300-0729|pmid=12357708}}
8. ^1 2 {{Cite thesis |last=Hemilä |first=Harri |title=Do vitamins C and E affect respiratory infections? |date=January 2006 |publisher=University of Helsinki |isbn=978-952-10-2837-3 |hdl=10138/20335}}
9. ^1 {{Cite book | doi=10.1007/978-3-7643-9912-2_13|chapter = Vitamins and minerals|title = Commond Cold| pages=275–307|year = 2009|last1 = Hemilä|first1 = Harri| isbn=978-3-7643-9894-1}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite journal | pmid = 23440782 | pmc=1160577 | doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000980.pub4 | issue=1 | title=Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold | year=2013 | journal=Cochrane Database Syst Rev | page=CD000980 | last1 = Hemilä | first1 = H | last2 = Chalker | first2 = E}} Refs to the review: http://www.mv.helsinki.fi/home/hemila/CC
11. ^1 {{cite journal | last1 = Hemilä | first1 = H | year = 1997 | title = Vitamin C supplementation and the common cold - was Linus Pauling right or wrong? | journal = Int J Vitam Nutr Res | volume = 67 | issue = | pages = 329–335 | hdl = 10250/7980 }}
12. ^{{cite journal|last=Shah|first=SA|author2=Sander, S|author3=White, CM|author4=Rinaldi, M|author5=Coleman, CI|title=Evaluation of echinacea for the prevention and treatment of the common cold: a meta-analysis.|journal=The Lancet Infectious Diseases|date=July 2007|volume=7|issue=7|pages=473–80|pmid=17597571|doi=10.1016/S1473-3099(07)70160-3}}
13. ^{{Cite web|title=Common Cold |publisher=National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases |date=2006-11-27 |url=http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/colds/ |accessdate=2007-06-11 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070623234904/http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/healthscience/healthtopics/colds/ |archivedate=23 June 2007 |deadurl=yes }}
14. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Simasek M, Blandino DA | title = Treatment of the common cold | journal = American Family Physician | volume = 75 | issue = 4 | pages = 515–20 | year = 2007 | pmid = 17323712 | url = http://www.aafp.org/afp/20070215/515.html}}
15. ^{{Cite web| title = Common Cold (Upper Respiratory Infection) | work = The Merck Manual Online | publisher = Merck & Co. |date=November 2005 | url = http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec14/ch188/ch188c.html | accessdate = 2007-06-13}}
16. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/echinacea/NS_patient-echinacea | title = Echinacea (E. angustifolia DC, E. pallida, E. purpurea) | accessdate = 2007-11-03 | author = The Natural Standard Research Collaboration | date = 2006-08-01 | publisher = Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research | archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071116025805/http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/echinacea/NS_patient-echinacea| archivedate= 16 November 2007 | deadurl= no}}
17. ^{{Cite web| url = http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/echinacea-000239.htm | title = Echinacea | accessdate = 2007-11-03 | date = 2005-09-22 | publisher = University of Maryland Medical Center| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20071015234420/http://umm.edu/altmed/articles/echinacea-000239.htm| archivedate= 15 October 2007 | deadurl= no}}
18. ^{{cite journal | last = Rosner | first = F |date=October 1980 | title = Therapeutic efficacy of chicken soup | journal = Chest | volume = 78 | issue = 4 | pages = 672–674 | pmid = 7191367 | doi = 10.1378/chest.78.4.672 }}
19. ^{{cite journal | last = Rennard | first = Barbara O. |author2=Ronald F. Ertl |author3=Gail L. Gossman |author4=Richard A. Robbins |author5=Stephen I. Rennard |date= October 2000 | title = Chicken Soup Inhibits Neutrophil Chemotaxis In Vitro | journal = Chest | volume = 118 | issue = 4 | pages = 1150–1157 | pmid = 11035691 | doi = 10.1378/chest.118.4.1150 | citeseerx = 10.1.1.584.6659 }}
20. ^{{cite journal | last = Caroline | first = NL. |author2=H Schwartz |date=February 1975 | title = Chicken soup rebound and relapse of pneumonia | journal = Chest | volume = 67 | issue = 2 | pages = 215–216 | pmid = 1090422 | doi = 10.1378/chest.67.2.215 }}
21. ^{{cite journal | last = Ohry | first = Abraham |author2=Jenni Tsafrir | date = 1999-12-14 | title = Is chicken soup an essential drug? | journal = Canadian Medical Association Journal | volume = 161 | issue = 12 | pmid = 10624412 | pages = 1532–3 | pmc = 1230870 }}
22. ^{{cite journal|last1=Timmer|first1=A|last2=Günther|first2=J|last3=Motschall|first3=E|last4=Rücker|first4=G|last5=Antes|first5=G|last6=Kern|first6=WV|title=Pelargonium sidoides extract for treating acute respiratory tract infections.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=22 October 2013|volume=10|issue=10|pages=CD006323|pmid=24146345|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD006323.pub3}}
23. ^{{cite journal|vauthors=Braun BL, Fowles JB, Solberg L, Kind E, Healey M, Anderson R | title = Patient beliefs about the characteristics, causes, and care of the common cold: an update| journal = The Journal of Family Practice| volume = 49| issue = 2| pages = 153–6| year = 2000| pmid = 10718693| doi =}}
24. ^{{cite journal |vauthors=Akhavani MA, Baker RH |title=Steam inhalation treatment for children |journal=Br J Gen Pract |volume=55 |issue=516 |pages=557 |year=2005 |pmid=16004753 |pmc=1472796 |doi= }}
25. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eccles|first=R.|date=2002-09-01|title=Acute cooling of the body surface and the common cold|journal=Rhinology|volume=40|issue=3|pages=109–114|issn=0300-0729|pmid=12357708}}
26. ^{{cite journal|last1=Hemilä|first1=H|last2=Petrus|first2=EJ|last3=Fitzgerald|first3=JT|last4=Prasad|first4=A|title=Zinc acetate lozenges for treating the common cold: an individual patient data meta-analysis.|journal=British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology|date=November 2016|volume=82|issue=5|pages=1393–1398|pmid=27378206|doi=10.1111/bcp.13057|pmc=5061795}}
{{DEFAULTSORT:Alternative Treatments Used For The Common Cold}}

4 : Alternative medical systems|Dietary supplements|Herbalism|Naturopathy
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