词条 | Amauroderma |
释义 |
| image = Amauroderma rude 85581.jpg | image_width = | image_caption = Amauroderma rude | regnum = Fungi | divisio = Basidiomycota | classis = Agaricomycetes | ordo = Polyporales | familia = Ganodermataceae | genus = Amauroderma | genus_authority = Murrill (1905)[1] | type_species = Amauroderma regulicolor | type_species_authority = (Berk. ex Cooke) Murrill (1905) | subdivision_ranks = Species | subdivision = about 70 species | synonyms_ref = [2] | synonyms =
}} Amauroderma is a genus of polypore fungi in the family Ganodermataceae. The genus, widespread in tropical areas, contains about 70 species. Amauroderma fungi are wood-decay fungi that feed and fruit on decayed branches and trunks. The fruit bodies of Amauroderma fungi comprise a cap and a stipe, and are typically woody, leathery, or corky in texture. The spores produced are usually spherical or nearly so, with a characteristic double wall structure that features U-shaped thickenings. TaxonomyAmauroderma was circumscribed by American mycologist William Alphonso Murrill in 1905. He set Amauroderma regulicolor (previously known as Fomes regulicolor Berk. ex Cooke), collected from Cuba, as the type species.[1] The name Amauroderma had been used previously by Narcisse Patouillard, when he proposed that Ganoderma be divided into the sections Ganoderma and Amauroderma. Patouillard described the characteristics of section Amauroderma as follows: "Spores globose or subglobose, devoid of truncated base, warty, woodruff or smooth; crust hat or dull stipe pruinose, rarely shining."[6] In 1920, Torrend promoted Ganoderma sect. Amauroderma to generic status, with Amauroderma auriscalpium as the type.[3] This resulted in an illegimimate homonym, as Murrill's earlier usage of the name has priority. The generic name means "dark/dusky-skinned" (from amauro, meaning "dark or dusky", and derma, meaning "skin").[8] Several studies using molecular phylogenetics have shown that Amauroderma, as currently circumscribed, is not a monophyletic taxon and will need to be revised.[9][10][11] DescriptionThe fruit bodies of Amauroderma species are stipitate except in A. andina and may attain various shapes although centrally stipitate basidiocarps are most common. Several stipes may arise from the same base, frequently resulting in fused caps and compound fruit bodies. In section some fruit bodies are distinct with one or two distinct inner black bands or zones. The stipe is often duplex with an outer dense layer surrounding an inner softer or hollow core sometimes separated by a black band. In species with a distinct tomentum on the stipe, there is often a dark zone just below the tomentum of the cap. These zones are absent from some species with a pale stipe without a tomentum. However, when present they continue into the context and frequently there is also another zone stretching more or less horizontally across the context.[12] Most basidiospores of Amauroderma mushrooms have an inner ornamented wall on which there is a hyaline (translucent) epicutis, which is very thin and difficult to see in ordinary microscopic preparations. Mature basidiospores are pale-yellowish. An apiculus (a depressed area where the spore was once attached to the basidium via the sterigma) is often difficult to observe.[12] ChemistryAmauroderma camerarium produces the anti-Trichomonas vaginalis protein that has been named amaurocine.[14]Habitat and distributionAmauroderma is widespread in tropical areas.[15] Twenty species have been recorded from Brazil;[16] six have been confirmed in China.[11] A collection of Amauroderma sprucei made in Florida in 2016 was the first recorded time that the genus has been collected in the United States.[18]Amauroderma schomburgkii, A. coltricioides, and A. calcigenum are examples of the genus that have been found fruiting on soil.[19] Amauroderma schomburgkii is the most common neotropical species.[20]SpeciesThe tenth edition of the Dictionary of the Fungi (2008) indicated that were about 30 species in the genus.[15] {{As of|2017|August}}, Index Fungorum accepts 68 species of Amauroderma.[22]
Further reading
References1. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Aime, L. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |author3=Henkel, T.W. |year=2007 |title=Studies in Neotropical polypores 22. Additional new and rare species from Guyana |journal=Synopsis Fungorum |volume=23 |pages=15–31}} [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]2. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Campacci, Thiago Vinicius Silva |author2=Gugliotta, Adriana de Mello |year=2009 |title=A review of Amauroderma in Brazil, with the new record of A. oblongisporum in the neotropics |volume=110 |pages=423–436 |doi=10.5248/110.423 |url=}} 3. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Campos-Santana, Marisa |author2=Loguercio-Leite, Clarice |title=Species of Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae) in Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil |journal=Biotemas |year=2013 |volume=26 |issue=1 |pages=1–5 |doi=10.5007/2175-7925.2013v26n1p1}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |author=Kirk PM. |title=Species Fungorum (version 28th July 2016). In: Species 2000 & ITIS Catalogue of Life |url=http://www.catalogueoflife.org/col/browse/tree/id/f822af77ff463656fd7b6a0d5f4ae1fd |accessdate=2017-08-23}} 5. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |author=Corner, E.J.H. |year=1983 |title=Ad Polyporaceas I. Amauroderma and Ganoderma |series=Beihefte zur Nova Hedwigia |volume=75 |isbn=978-8121107204}} 6. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Diogo Henrique Costa-Rezende |author2=Adriana Mello Gugliotta |author3=Aristóteles Góes-Neto |author4=Mateus Arduvino Reck |author5=Gerardo Lucio Robledo |author6=Elisandro Ricardo Drechsler-Santos |title=Amauroderma calcitum sp. nov. and notes on taxonomy and distribution of Amauroderma species (Ganodermataceae) |journal=Phytotaxa |year=2016 |volume=244 |issue=4 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.244.2.1}} 7. ^1 {{cite book |author=Doidge, E.M. |year=1950 |title=The South African fungi and lichens to the end of 1945 |series=Bothalia |volume=5 |page=503 |url=http://www.cbs.knaw.nl/publications/mycoheritage/doidge/index.html}} 8. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Dollinger, Neil R. |author2=Vlasák, Josef |year=2016 |title=The first report of Amauroderma in Florida |journal=Fungi |volume=9 |issue=4 |pages=40–42 |url=http://www.fungimag.com/winter-2017-articles/V9I4%20LR%20Amauroderma.pdf}} 9. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Duarte, M. |author2=Seixas, A. |author3=Peres de Carvalho, M. |author4=Tasca, T. |author5=Macedo, A.J. |year=2016 |title=Amaurocine: anti-Trichomonas vaginalis protein produced by the basidiomycete Amauroderma camerarium |journal=Experimental Parasitology |volume=161 |pages=6–11 |pmid=26706604 |doi=10.1016/j.exppara.2015.12.012}} {{open access}} 10. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Fan, L. |author2=Liu, B. |year=1990 |title=A new species of the genus Amauroderma |journal=Acta Mycologica Sinica |volume=9 |issue=3 |pages=202–205}} 11. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book |last1=Furtado |first1=João Salvado |year=1968 |title=Revisâo do gênero Amauroderma (Polyporaceae); Estudos baseados nas microestruturas do basidiocarpo |publisher=Universidade de São Paulo}} 12. ^1 {{cite book |last1=Furtado |first1=João Salvado |title=Taxonomy of Amauroderma (Basidiomycetes, Polyporaceae) |year=1981 |location=New York |series=Memoirs New York Botanical Garden |volume=34 |isbn=978-0893272340}} 13. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite journal |author1=Gomes-Silva, Allyne Christina |author2=Lima-Júnior, Nelson |author3=Malosso, Elaine |author4=Ryvarden, Leif |author5=Gibertoni, Tatiana |year=2015 |title=Delimitation of taxa in Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Polyporales) based in morphology and molecular phylogeny of Brazilian specimens |journal=Phytotaxa |volume=227 |issue=3 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.227.3.1}} 14. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Gibertoni, T.B. |author2=Bernicchia, A. |author3=Ryvarden, L. |author4=Gomes-Silva, A.C. |year=2008 |title=Bresadola's polypore collection at the Natural History Museum of Trento, Italy. 2 |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=104 |pages=321–323 |url=}} 15. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Gulaid, H. |author2=Ryvarden, L. |year=1998 |title=Two new species of Amauroderma (Ganodermataceae, Basidiomycetes) |journal=Mycologia Helvetica |volume=10 |issue=1 |pages=25–30}} 16. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Henao-M., L.G. |year=1997 |title=Afiloforales de Colombia III: Amauroderma (Basidiomycetes: Ganodermataceae) en el Herbario Nacional Colombiano |journal=Caldasia |volume=19 |issue=1–2 |pages=131–143 |language=Spanish |url=http://www.revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/cal/article/download/17401/18609}} 17. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Imazeki, R. |year=1952 |title=A contribution to the fungous flora of Dutch New Guinea |journal=Bulletin of the Government Forest Experimental Station Meguro |volume=57 |pages=87–128 |url=https://www.ffpri.affrc.go.jp/labs/kanko/57-3-4.pdf}} 18. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Murrill |first1=William A. |year=1905 |title=The Polyporaceae of North America: XI. A synopsis of the brown pileate species |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume=32 |issue=7 |pages=353–371 |jstor=2478499}} 19. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Murrill, William A. |year=1908 |title=Additional Philippine Polyporaceae |journal=Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club |volume=35 |pages=391–416 |url=https://archive.org/details/jstor-2479285 |doi=10.2307/2479285}} 20. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Otieno, N.C. |year=1968 |title=Polyporaceae of eastern Africa: II. The genus Amauroderma Murrill |journal=Sydowia |volume=22 |issue=1-4 |pages=173–178 |url= }} 21. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Patouillard, N. |year=1889 |title=Le genre Ganoderma |journal=Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France |volume=5 |pages=64–80 |language=French |url=https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/page/34152537 |quote=Spores globuleuses ou subglobuleuses, dépourvues de base tronquée, verruqueuses, aspérulées ou lisses; croûte du chapeau ou du stipe terne, pruineuse, rarement luisante.}} 22. ^1 2 {{cite book |author1=Kirk PM |author2=Cannon PF |author3=Minter DW |author4=Stalpers JA |title=Dictionary of the Fungi |edition=10th |publisher=CAB International |location=Wallingford, UK |year=2008 |page=24 |isbn=978-0-85199-826-8}} 23. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Reid, D.A. |year=1973 |title=A reappraisal of type and authentic specimens of Basidiomycetes in the van der Byl herbarium, Stellenbosch |journal=South African Journal of Botany |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=141–178 |url=http://abcjournal.org/index.php/ABC/article/viewFile/1451/1409}} 24. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Rick, J. |year=1960 |title=Basidiomycetes Eubasidii in Rio Grande do Sul Brasilia. 4. Meruliaceae, Polyporaceae, Boletaceae |journal=Iheringia |volume=7 |pages=193–295 |language=Spanish}} 25. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=1972 |title=A critical checklist of the Polyporaceae in tropical East Africa |journal=Norwegian Journal of Botany |volume=19 |pages=229–238}} 26. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=1974 |title=Type-studies in the Polyporaceae 2. Species described by M. Beeli |journal=Bulletin du Jardin Botanique National de Belgique |volume=44 |issue=1/2 |pages=65–76 |doi=10.2307/3667428}} 27. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Ryvarden, L. |year=1977 |title=Type-studies in the Polyporaceae 10. Species described by J.M. Berkeley, either alone or with other authors from 1844 to 1855 |journal=Norwegian Journal of Botany |volume=24 |pages=213–230}} 28. ^1 2 {{cite journal |last1=Ryvarden |first1=Leif |year=1990 |title=Type studies in the Polyporaceae. 22. Species described by C.G. Lloyd in Polyporus |journal=Mycotaxon |volume=38 |pages=83–102 |url=http://www.cybertruffle.org.uk/cyberliber/59575/0038/0083.htm}} 29. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 {{cite book |last1=Ryvarden |first1=Leif |title=Neotropical Polypores. Part 1. Introduction, Hymenochaetaceae and Ganodermataceae |series=Synopsis Fungorum |year=2004 |volume=19}} 30. ^1 2 3 {{cite journal |author1=Song, Jie |author2=Xing, Jia-Hui |author3=Decock Cony |author4=He, Xiao-Lan |author5=Cui, Bao-Kai |title=Molecular phylogeny and morphology reveal a new species of Amauroderma (Basidiomycota) from China |journal=Phytotaxa |year=2016 |volume=260 |issue=1 |pages=47–56 |doi=10.11646/phytotaxa.260.1.5}} 31. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Steyaert, R.L. |year=1972 |title=Species of Ganoderma and related genera mainly of the Bogor and Leiden Herbaria |journal=Persoonia |volume=7 |issue=1 |pages=55–118 |url=https://www.repository.naturalis.nl/document/569803}} 32. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 {{cite journal |author=Torrend, C. |title=Les Polyporacées du Brésil. I. Polyporacées stipités |journal=Brotéria Série Botânica |year=1920 |volume=18 |pages=121–143 |language=French}} 33. ^1 {{cite web |title=Synonymy: Amauroderma Murrill |url=http://www.speciesfungorum.org/Names/SynSpecies.asp?RecordID=17052 |publisher=Species Fungorum. CAB International |accessdate=2013-01-02}} 34. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author=Wakefield, E.M. |year=1917 |title=Fungi exotici. XXIII |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informations of the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |pages=308–314}} 35. ^1 {{cite journal |author=Wakefield, E.M. |year=1934 |title=Contributions to the flora of tropical America. XXI |journal=Bulletin of Miscellaneous Informations of the Royal Botanical Gardens Kew |volume=1934 |issue=6 |pages=238–258 |doi=10.2307/4115405}} 36. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Wakefield, E.M. |author2=Talbot, P.H.B. |year=1948 |title=Descriptions of some new Hymenomycetes |journal=Bothalia |volume=4 |issue=4 |pages=939–949}} 37. ^1 {{cite journal |author1=Zhao, Ji-ding |author2=Xu, Lian-wang |author3=Zhang, Xiao-qing |title=中国灵芝亚科的分类研究 |journal=Acta Microbiologica Sinica |year=1979 |issue=3 |pages=265–279; 345–346 |language=Chinese}} 38. ^1 2 {{cite journal |author1=Zhao, J.D. |author2=Zhang, X.Q. |year=1987 |title=Studies on the taxonomy of Ganodermataceae in China VI |journal=Acta Mycologica Sinica |volume=6 |issue=1 |pages=1–7}} 39. ^1 {{cite book |title=Australian Subtropical Fungi |year=2014 |publisher=Suncoast Fungi |isbn=9780646915524 |page=92 |author=Sapphire McMullan-Fisher |author2=Patrick Leonard |author3=Frances Guard |chapter=Polypores}} }} Cited literature
4 : Fungi described in 1905|Amauroderma|Polyporales genera|Taxa named by William Alphonso Murrill |
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