| 词条 | Amerika (magazine) |
| 释义 |
|title = Amerika |image_file = America magazine cover.jpg |image_size = 180px |image_caption = 1987 edition, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the U.S. Constitution |publisher = |category = |total_circulation = |circulation_year = |frequency = |language = Russian |editor = Konstantin Borovoy |editor_title = Editor-in-chief |headquarters = |founded = 1944 |finaldate =1994 |country = USA |based= |website = |issn = }} Amerika ({{lang-ru|"Америка"}}) was a Russian-language magazine published by the United States Department of State during the Cold War for distribution in the Soviet Union. It was intended to inform Soviet citizens about American life.[1] Amerika was distinguished among other Soviet publications by its high-grade paper, bright printing and numerous photos. The magazine has been described as "polite propaganda" and featured high-quality photography and articles about everyday life in the United States, as well as profiles of famous American people and institutions.[2] Later it briefly existed as America Illustrated. 454 issues in total were published. HistoryIn 1944 the State Department began circulating 10,000 copies in the Soviet Union. The magazine was instantly popular and sold out all of its copies virtually overnight. In June 1947, the Soviet Union authorized an increase to 50,000 copies.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} By the late 1940s, the State Department began to feel that radio and the Voice of America would be more effective propaganda tools and, in 1952, publication of Amerika was suspended.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} However, in 1956, the American and Soviet governments agreed to exchange magazines and Amerika was reborn and published in return for distribution of The USSR in the United States.[3] The magazine was again an immediate success, selling out quickly.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} The goal, as explained in the first issue, was that "the Soviet reader could see the many-sided American life, reflected in it." In his study of the propaganda of the era, University of Akron history professor Walter L. Hixson writes that Amerika was wildly popular among Soviet readers and notes that long lines would form when the magazine went on sale. Because the magazine sparked discussion among the Soviet intelligentsia and because each issue was widely shared, Amerika had impact and influence beyond its circulation of 50,000. The U.S. government felt that the magazine made a valuable contribution to better understanding of America by the Soviet people and was an effective counterpart to Soviet propaganda.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} Sample articles published in Amerika include:
The magazine ceased publication in October 1994.{{Citation needed|date=October 2015}} "Amerika" is housed at many major research libraries in the U.S. Full runs of the Russian- and Polish-language editions, as well as translations of the articles and records related to their distribution, are available at the National Archives and Records Administration's Archives II facility in College Park, MD. Notable contributorsFrom 1946 until 1952, Amerika was edited by Marion K. Sanders. The staff also included linguists Horace Lunt, David Simon (son of Solomon Simon) and Dick Burge. Polish resistance fighter Antoni Koper edited Ameryka, the Polish language version of the magazine, from 1958 until he retired in 1972.[6] Jane Jacobs worked for the magazine for many years, writing articles on American architecture, school planning, housing, slum clearance, and U.S. places and cities, presaging some of her work in The Death and Life of Great American Cities.[7]References1. ^Creghton Peet: "Russian 'Amerika,' a Magazine about U. S. for Soviet Citizens", College Art Journal, Vol. 11, No. 1 (Autumn, 1951), pp. 17-20. 2. ^Walter L. Hixson: Parting the Curtain: Propaganda, Culture, and the Cold War, 1945-1961 (McMillan, 1997), p. 118. 3. ^http://www.bukovsky-archives.net/pdfs/usa/1200_us56-6-Eng-Olynyk.pdf 4. ^Mike O'Mahony: Juvenile delinquency and art in Amerika, Art On The Line, 2004/1 (1) 5. ^Hixson, p.118 6. ^{{cite web|title=Air Force Brigadier General Eugene A. Stalzer Dies at 70|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1990/06/15/air-force-brigadier-general-eugene-a-stalzer-dies-at-70/60dd1871-2308-49db-bf38-9220094c0f5a/|website=The Washington Post|accessdate=5 August 2016}} 7. ^Peter Laurence: Jane Jacobs Before Death and Life, The Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians / 66:1, March 2007 External links
15 : 1944 establishments in the United States|1994 disestablishments in the United States|Defunct magazines of the United States|Defunct political magazines|Magazines disestablished in 1952|Magazines disestablished in 1994|Magazines established in 1944|Magazines established in 1956|Publications of the United States government|Propaganda in the United States|Propaganda newspapers and magazines|Russian political magazines|Russian-language magazines|Soviet magazines|Soviet Union–United States relations |
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