| 词条 | Graham Wallas |
| 释义 |
Graham Wallas (31 May 1858 – 9 August 1932) was an English socialist, social psychologist, educationalist, a leader of the Fabian Society and a co-founder of the London School of Economics. BiographyBorn in Monkwearmouth, Sunderland,[2] Wallas was the older brother of Katharine, later to become a politician.[3] He was educated at Shrewsbury School and Corpus Christi College, Oxford. It was at Oxford that Wallas abandoned his religion. He taught at Highgate School until 1885, when he resigned rather than participate in communion, and was President of the Rationalist Press Association.[4] Wallas joined the Fabian Society in April 1886, following his acquaintances Sidney Webb and George Bernard Shaw. He was to resign in 1904 in protest at Fabian support for Joseph Chamberlain's tariff policy. In 1894 he was elected to the London school board as a Progressive.[5] In 18 December 1897 he married the socialist writer Ada Radford. The following year they had a daughter May Wallas who despite diphtheria and flu went to Newnham College like her mother.[6] Wallas became chair of the board's school management committee in 1897, and until he was defeated in 1907 the encouragement of educational reform and the raising of academic standards in state schools was one of his main activities.[7] He was appointed a university extension lecturer in 1890 and lectured at the newly founded London School of Economics from 1895. In 1898 he published a biography of the early nineteenth-century utilitarian radical Francis Place. His most important academic writings were Human Nature in Politics (1908) and its successors Great Society (1914) and Our Social Heritage 1921).[8] IdeasWallas argued in Great Society (1914) that a social-psychological analysis could explain the problems created by the impact of the industrial revolution on modern society. He contrasts the role of nature and nurture in modern society, concluding that humanity must depend largely on the improvements in nurture, and put his faith in the development of stronger international operation. In The Art of Thought (1926), he drew on the work of Hermann von Helmholtz and Henri Poincaré to propose one of the first complete models of the creative process – as consisting of the four-stage process of preparation (or saturation), incubation, illumination, and verification)[9] – one which remains highly cited in scholarly works on creativity.[10] Works{{Columns-list|
}} References1. ^Image published in Pease, E.R.: The History of the Fabian Society, E.P. Dutton & Co., New York 1916. 2. ^ODNB 3. ^{{Cite ODNB|id=48690|title=Wallas, Katharine Talbot}} 4. ^ODNB 5. ^ODNB 6. ^Gillian Sutherland (2016), ‘Wallas, Ada (1859–1934)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, accessed 26 Jan 2017 7. ^ODNB 8. ^ODNB 9. ^M Gell-Mann (1994). The Quark and the Jaguar. New York, pp. 264–65 10. ^{{Cite book|title=The Art of Thought|last=Wallas|first=Graham|publisher=Harcourt, Brace & Company|year=1926|isbn=|location=New York|page=10|via=}} Further reading
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13 : 1858 births|1932 deaths|Academics of the London School of Economics|British sociologists|English political theorists|English psychologists|Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford|People educated at Shrewsbury School|People from Sunderland, Tyne and Wear|Members of London County Council|Members of the Fabian Society Executive Committee|Progressive Party (London) politicians|Members of the London School Board |
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