| 词条 | Andrzej Strug | ||
| 释义 |
| image = Andrzej Strug.jpg | image_size = 180px | alt = Andrzej Strug | caption = Andrzej Strug, ca. 1930 | birth_date = {{Birth date|1871|11|28}} | birth_place = Lublin, Congress Poland | death_date = {{Death date and age|1937|12|09|1871|11|28}} | death_place = Warsaw, Poland | nationality = Polish | notableworks = Chimera Żółty Krzyż }}Andrzej Strug, real name Tadeusz (or Stefan)[1] Gałecki (sources vary; 28 November 1871/1873 in Lublin – 9 December 1937 in Warsaw) was a Polish socialist politician, publicist and activist for Poland's independence.[1] He was also a freemason and declined the offer to join the prestigious Polish Academy of Literature,[2] upset by official criticism of the movement.[3] CareerStrug was active in several Polish organizations under military Partitions, and was a member of the Polish Socialist Party. In 1895 he was imprisoned by Tsarist authorities in the Warsaw Citadel, and in 1897 forcibly deported to Arkhangelsk Governorate. After another arrest in 1907, he was forced to leave the Russian Empire, exiled from the occupied Polish lands. He settled in Paris.[4] During World War I, Strug fought in the First Brigade of the Polish Legions of Józef Piłsudski.[5] After Poland regained its independence in 1918, Strug remained active in political and social life. He also served as the Sovereign Commander of the Supreme Council, and the Grand Master, of the National Grand Lodge of Poland.[6] In his works, he focused on the themes of war, and Polish Legions, as well as the ideas of social justice. Works
References1. ^{{cite book |title= O kształt niepodległej |last=Friszke |first=Andrzej |authorlink=Andrzej Friszke |year=1989 |publisher=Biblioteka "Więzi" |location=Warszawa |isbn=83-7006-014-5 |page= 51 }} {{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Strug, Andrzej}}2. ^{{cite web | url=http://portalwiedzy.onet.pl/29184,,,,polska_akademia_literatury,haslo.html | title=Polska Akademia Literatury | publisher=Encyklopedia Onet.pl, Grupa Onet.pl SA | date=2011 | accessdate=December 12, 2011}} 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.wprost.pl/ar/14211/Mason-ofiarny/| title = Mason ofiarny (Sacrificial Mason) | author=Przemysław Waingertner | publisher=Magazine Wprost 42/1038 | date=2002 | accessdate=December 12, 2011 | language=Polish}} See also: Google translation from Polish. 4. ^1 {{cite web | url=https://books.google.com/books?id=R-MkT9vavwIC&pg=PA430&dq=%22Polish+Academy+of+Literature%22&hl=en&ei=12PdTowcxNiIApOl4MYD&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=book-preview-link&resnum=3&ved=0CEkQuwUwAg#v=snippet&q=Strug&f=false | title=The history of Polish literature | publisher=University of California Press | date=1983 | accessdate=December 14, 2011 | author=Czesław Miłosz | pages=424, 431}} 5. ^{{cite book |title= O kształt niepodległej |last=Friszke |first=Andrzej |authorlink=Andrzej Friszke |year=1989 |publisher=Biblioteka "Więzi" |location=Warszawa |isbn=83-7006-014-5 |page= 55 }} 6. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.arsregia.pl/?m=artykul&id_artykulu=104 | title=Andrzej Strug (1871-1937). Freemason-revolutionist | publisher=Ars Regia Nr 2 | date=2006 | accessdate=December 18, 2011 | author=Henryk Michalski | page=}} 8 : 1871 births|1937 deaths|Polish socialists|Polish male writers|Polish publicists|Polish legionnaires (World War I)|People from Lublin|Golden Laurel of the Polish Academy of Literature |
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