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词条 Angles, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
释义

  1. Geography

     Neighbouring communes and villages[1] 

  2. Toponymy

  3. History

     Heraldry 

  4. Administration

  5. Population

  6. Economy

     Overview  Agriculture  Industry  Service activities  Natural and technological risks 

  7. Culture and heritage

     Civil heritage  Religious heritage  Gallery of Historical Objects in Angles 

  8. See also

     External links 

  9. Notes and references

     Notes  References 
{{Infobox French commune
|name = Angles
|commune status = Commune
|image = Angles, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Entry.JPG
|caption = The road into Angles
|image coat of arms = Blason Angles.svg
|arrondissement = Castellane
|canton = Castellane
|INSEE = 04007
|postal code = 04170
|mayor = Aimé Bac
|term = 2014-2020
|intercommunality = Alpes Provence Verdon - Sources de Lumière
|coordinates = {{coord|43.9436|6.5589|format=dms|display=inline,title}}
|elevation m = 956
|elevation min m = 880
|elevation max m = 1777
|area km2 = 9.83
|population = 66
|population date = 2016
}}

Angles is a commune in the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region of southeastern France.

Geography

Angles is located some 5 km south-east of Saint-Andre-les-Alpes and 15 km north-east of Castellane. The village is close to the centre of the commune in the valley of the Torrent d'Angles at an altitude of 956m. National Highway N202 passes along the south-west edge of the commune in a tunnel with a country road branching north-east to the village then continuing south-east to Vergons. The commune is remote and rugged with extensive forests totalling 417 hectares which is almost half the total area.[2] There is a small area of farming activity near the village.[1]

The highest points in the commune are at Baisse d'Angles (1577m) and Serre Gros (1778m) on the Crest of Serres.

The Torrent d'Angles flows through the commune from the south-east and curves to the south-west where it joins the Verdon which is at the south-western border of the commune. Many tributaries flow into the Torrent d'Angles from the north including the Ravin des Bastides, Ravin de Pas d'Empicon, and numerous other unnamed streams.[1]

Neighbouring communes and villages[1]

{{Geographic location
|width=auto
|Centre = Angles
|North =
|Northeast = Le Fugeret
|East = Annot
|Southeast = Vergons
|South = Saint-Julien-du-Verdon
|Southwest = Senez
|West = Barreme
|Northwest = Saint-Andre-les-Alpes
}}

Toponymy

The locality was reported for the first time in texts from the 13th century (Angulis). The name refers to an element of the landscape shaped like a wedge: the village according to Ernest Nègre,[6] or the fields according to Fénié.[7]

The name of the district of Moustier is from the traces of the priory of Lérins in that name.[8]

History

Augustus conquered the valley of the Verdon at the same time as the Alps which he completed in 14 BC. It is difficult to know the name of the Gallic people who inhabited the valley nor who were the Civitas on whom the Angles valley depended in the High Empire: Eturamina (Thorame), Civitas Saliniensum (Castellane), or Sanitensium (Senez). At the end of the Roman Empire, its connection to that of Sanitensium and its diocese seems proven.[9]

The locality appears for the first time in charters from 1245[11] as it was a co-lordship of the bishops of Senez and the Abbey of Lérins. Its priory was joined to Vergons in 1454.[12] The Abbot of Lérins built a hospice which then passed to Agoult.[13]

The community was under the Viguerie of Castellane.[8]

The inhabitants of Angles lead a struggle against the local lord over several generations and denied the rights of the half-lords to any inheritance. After the non-payments and a trial, the Lord's pew in the church was smashed to pieces. In 1731, the Lord's harvest was not gathered, and everyone was forbidden to do so. The steward narrowly escaped a lynching.[15]

A permanent primary school has existed in Angles since 1776. In 1788 the priory disappeared with the secularization of Lérins Abbey[8]

During the French Revolution the town had a patriotic society which was formed after the end of 1792.[18]

Heraldry

{{Blazon-arms
|img1=Blason Angles.svg
|legend1=Arms of Angles
|text=Blazon:
Quarterly, at 1 and 4 Gules with two interlaced triangles of Argent, at 2 and 3 Or with a wolf rampant of Azure tongued and arm,ed in Gules.[19]
}}

Administration

List of Successive Mayors[2]
From To Name Party Position
1977 Flavien Raybaud[21]
2001 Current Aimé Bac[22] DVD Farmer

(Not all data is known)

Population

{{Historical populations
|align=left
|2006|71
|2007|72
|2008|72
|2009|74
|2010|71
|2011|68
|2012|65
|2013|65
|2014|62
|2015|64
|2016|66
}}{{clear-left}}

The demographic history of Angles is marked by a period of "stagnation" where the population was relatively stable at a high level. This period lasted until 1861. The rural exodus then caused a decline in population of long duration. By 1901 the town had lost more than half its population from the historical maximum in 1806.[3] The downward trend continued to 1970. Since then population growth has very slowly resumed.

Economy

Overview

In 2009 the active population was 27 people, including one unemployed.[24] These workers are mostly employed (19 of 26)[25] and mostly work outside the commune (20 workers of 26).[25] The only employment in the commune is in the tertiary sector.[27]

At 1 January 2011 the primary sector accounted for the largest share of active establishments in town (5 of 11), there are three companies in the secondary sector, and three in the tertiary sector.[27]

Agriculture

At the end of 2010 the primary sector (agriculture, forestry, fisheries) had 5 different establishments.[27]

The number of farms, according to the Agreste survey by the Ministry of Agriculture, remained stable in the 2000s at 3 which specialise in the breeding of sheep.[30] From 1988 to 2000 the agricultural area (UAA) fell significantly to 113 hectares from 603 hectares with most of the remaining in grass.[31] In contrast, the utilized agricultural area declined sharply in the 2000s: it went from 608 to 63 hectares.[30]

Industry

At the end of 2010 the secondary sector (industry and construction) had 3 establishments but had no employees.[27]

Service activities

At the end of 2010, the tertiary sector (trades and services) had 3 establishments (with only one employee).[27]

According to the Departmental Observatory of tourism, the tourism business is important for the town (considering the population) with between 1 and 5 tourists welcomed for each resident.[35] Most of the accommodation capacity is non-market.[36] Structures specifically to accommodate tourists are rare in Angles. There are:

  • camping at the farm;[37]
  • some furnished accommodation;[38][39]
  • some cottages;[40]
  • there are no hotels[41] or group accommodation[42]

Considering the low supply, it is ultimately the second homes that have the highest capacity:[43] 27 of 64 housing units in the commune are second homes (42%).[44]

Natural and technological risks

None of the 200 communes of the department is in a no seismic risk zone. The canton of Saint-André-les-Alpes to which Angles belongs is in zone 1b (low risk) according to the deterministic classification of 1991, based on the seismic history[45] and in zone 4 (medium risk) according to the probabilistic classification EC8 of 2011.[46] Angles commune is also exposed to four other natural hazards:[46]

  • avalanche
  • forest fire,
  • flood (in the lower Torrent d'Angles)
  • landslide: the commune has an average to high hazard in certain areas of its territory.[48]

The commune of Angles is also exposed to a risk of technological origin: the transport of dangerous goods by road.[49] The N202 national road can be used by trucks carrying dangerous goods[50] and pass within the limits of the commune.

No risk prevention plan for foreseeable natural disasters (PPR) exists for the commune[49] and a DICRIM has existed since 2011.[52]

The town has not been subject to any natural disasters.[46] The earthquake felt most strongly in Angles was at Chasteuil on 30 November 1951.[54]

Culture and heritage

Civil heritage

The commune has many buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
  • Angles Bridge (1947){{Mérimée Icon}}[4]
  • Farmhouses (18th-20th centuries){{Mérimée Icon}}[5]
  • The Primary School (20th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[6]
  • An Agricultural Storehouse at Les Coutails (1893){{Mérimée Icon}}[7]
  • An Agricultural Storehouse at Les Perruches (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[8]
  • An Agricultural Storehouse at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[9]
  • An Agricultural Storehouse at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[10]
  • An Agricultural Storehouse at Les Perruches (19th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[11]
  • Agricultural Storehouses (18th-20th centuries){{Mérimée Icon}}[12]
  • A House at Moustier (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[13]
  • A House at Moustier (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[14]
  • A House at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[15]
  • A House at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[16]
  • A House at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[17]
  • A House at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[18]
  • A House at La Bourgade (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[19]
  • Houses (18th-19th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[20]
  • A Bread Oven (19th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[21]
  • A Fountain and Lavoir (Public laundry) (1898){{Mérimée Icon}}[22]
  • A Lavoir (Public laundry) (1932){{Mérimée Icon}}[23]
  • A Lavoir (Public laundry) (1932){{Mérimée Icon}}[24]
  • A Drinking Trough (18th century){{Mérimée Icon}}[25]
{{div col end}}

Religious heritage

The commune has several religious buildings and structures that are registered as historical monuments:

  • The Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours (1870){{Mérimée Icon}}[26] has a polygonal choir with cross ribs from the 16th or early 17th century.[78] It was in ruins at the end of the 19th century but was restored in the 1970s, contrary to the statements of diocesan investigations of the 19th century which gave a construction date of 1870.[8] The Furniture in the Chapel{{Palissy Icon}} is registered as an historical object.[27]
  • The Parish Church of Notre-Dame (1686){{Mérimée Icon}}[28] has a bell tower with polychrome tiles.[13][83] The Church contains a very large number of items that are registered as historical objects. For a complete list and links to descriptions (in French) click here.
  • Oratories and Wayside Crosses (19th-20th centuries){{Mérimée Icon}}[29]
  • A Chapel of Saint-Jean also existed south of the village but it disappeared in the 19th century[8]

Gallery of Historical Objects in Angles

Historical Monuments
Historical Objects in the Church

See also

  • Communes of the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence department

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20070311082119/http://www.ign.fr/affiche_rubrique.asp?rbr_id=1087&CommuneId=11328 Angles on the National Geographic Institute website] {{Fr icon}}
  • Angles on Lion1906
  • [https://www.google.com/maps/place/04170+Angles,+France/@43.9441959,6.5534805,6563m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x12cc728b29df2b93:0xca2c0230302f6d7d?hl=en Angles on Google Maps]
  • Angles on Géoportail, National Geographic Institute (IGN) website {{Fr icon}}
  • Angles on the 1750 Cassini Map
  • Angles on the INSEE website {{Fr icon}}
  • INSEE {{Fr icon}}

Notes and references

Notes

1. ^1 2 [https://www.google.com/maps/place/04170+Angles,+France/@43.9441959,6.5534805,6563m/data=!3m2!1e3!4b1!4m2!3m1!1s0x12cc728b29df2b93:0xca2c0230302f6d7d?hl=en Google Maps]
2. ^List of Mayors of France
3. ^Christiane Vidal, Chronology and rhythms of depopulation in the department of Alpes de Haute-Provence since the beginning of the 19th century {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141108204744/http://provence-historique.mmsh.univ-aix.fr/n/1971/Pages/PH-1971-21-085_06.aspx |date=2014-11-08 }}, Historic Provence, Vol. 21, No. 85, 1971, p. 288. {{Fr icon}}
4. ^1 Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04001079|IA04001079 Angles Bridge}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
5. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000580|IA04000580 Farmhouses}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
6. ^1 Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000579|IA04000579 Primary School}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
7. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000578|IA04000578 Agricultural Storehouse at Les Coutails}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
8. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000577|IA04000577 Agricultural Storehouse at Les Perruches}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
9. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000576|IA04000576 Agricultural Storehouse at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
10. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000575|IA04000575 Agricultural Storehouse at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
11. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000574|IA04000574 Agricultural Storehouse at Les Perruches}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
12. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000573|IA04000573 Agricultural Storehouses}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
13. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000572|IA04000572 House at Moustier}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
14. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000571|IA04000571 House at Moustier}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
15. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000570|IA04000570 House at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
16. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000569|IA04000569 House at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
17. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000568|IA04000568 House at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
18. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000567|IA04000567 House at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
19. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000566|IA04000566 House at La Bourgade}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
20. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000565|IA04000565 Houses}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
21. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000417|IA04000417 Bread Oven}} {{Fr icon}}
22. ^1 Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000416|IA04000416 Fountain and Lavoir}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
23. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000415|IA04000415 Lavoir}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
24. ^1 Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000414|IA04000414 Lavoir}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
25. ^1 Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000413|IA04000413 Drinking Trough}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
26. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04001111|IA04001111 Chapel of Notre-Dame-de-Bon-Secours}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
27. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001482|IM04001482 Furniture in the Chapel}} {{Fr icon}}
28. ^Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000230|IA04000230 Parish Church of Notre-Dame}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
29. ^1 Ministry of Culture, Mérimée {{Mérimée|IA04000418|IA04000418 Oratories and Wayside Crosses}} {{Fr icon}}{{Camera}}
30. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04000650|IM04000650 Triptyche: Pieta}} {{Fr icon}}
31. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001252|IM04001252 Statue: Saint John the Baptist}} {{Fr icon}}
32. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001244|IM04001244 Statue: Charity of Saint Antoine of Padua and the child Jesus}} {{Fr icon}}
33. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001243|IM04001243 Statue: Saint Germaine}} {{Fr icon}}
34. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001242|IM04001242 Statue: Saint John the Baptist}} {{Fr icon}}
35. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001241|IM04001241 Statue: Saint Joseph}} {{Fr icon}}
36. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001238|IM04001238 Statue: Saint Honorat}} {{Fr icon}}
37. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001237|IM04001237 Statue: Saint Antoine}} {{Fr icon}}
38. ^Ministry of Culture, Palissy {{Palissy|IM04001236|IM04001236 Statue: The Virgin}} {{Fr icon}}
39. ^1 Roger Brunet, Canton de Saint-André-les-Alpes, The Treasure of Regions, consulted on 8 June 2013 {{Fr icon}}
40. ^1 Prefecture of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Departmental dossier on the major risks in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121021144708/http://www.alpes-de-haute-provence.pref.gouv.fr/pages/themes/defense/securite%20civile/index.html |date=2012-10-21 }} (DDRM), 2008, p. 39 {{Fr icon}}
41. ^1 2 3 Ministry of Ecology, sustainable development, transport, and lodgings, Communal Notice {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304054927/http://macommune.prim.net/d_commune.php?insee=04007 |date=2016-03-04 }} on the Gaspar database, online 27 May 2011, consulted on 25 June 2012
42. ^1 Prefecture, DDRM, p. 37
43. ^1 2 Prefecture of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, Departmental dossier on the major risks in Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, p. 95
44. ^1 Prefecture, DDRM, p. 80
45. ^1 Dicrim for Angles {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20131217033450/http://www.bd-dicrim.fr/index.php/home/showcom/id/107308 |date=December 17, 2013 }}, Dicrim database, consulted on 25 June 2011
46. ^1 BRGM, Epicentres of seismic events (more than 40 km away) felt in Angles {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303201744/http://www.sisfrance.net/Commune/liste.asp?LOCAL=false&ORDRE=false&INSEE=04007&XMIN=918716&XMAX=958716&YMIN=1871592&YMAX=1911592 |date=March 3, 2016 }}, Sisfrance, consulted on 25 June 2012 {{Fr icon}}
47. ^1 Ernest Nègre, General Toponymy of France: etymology of 35,000 place names, Genève : Librairie Droz, 1990. Volume III : Dialectal forms; French forms. Notices 26388-90, p 1447 {{Fr icon}}
48. ^1 Bénédicte Fénié, Jean-Jacques Fénié, Provençale Toponymy, Éditions Sud-Ouest, 2002 (reprint), {{ISBN|978-2-87901-442-5}}, p. 68
49. ^1 2 3 4 5 Daniel Thiery, Angles, On the origins of churches and rural chapels of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, published on 12 December 2010, online 15 December 2010, consulted on 25 June 2012 {{Fr icon}}
50. ^1 Insee, Local Dossier - Commune: Angles (04007), p. 5
51. ^1 2 Insee, Dossier local, p. 7
52. ^1 2 3 4 5 Insee, Dossier local, p. 15
53. ^1 2 Ministry of Agriculture, Techno-economic Orientation of exploitation, Agricultural censuses 2010 and 2000. (Place: N.B., the page is 4.4 Mb)
54. ^1 Insee, Agricultiral enterprises in 1988 and 2000, Insee, 2012 (Page is 24.6 Mb)
55. ^1 Departmental; Observatory of Tourism, Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, December 2008, p. 6 {{Fr icon}}
56. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 7
57. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 21, 22
58. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 32
59. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 36
60. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 38
61. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 11
62. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 30
63. ^1 Atlas of Tourist Accommodation, p. 44
64. ^1 Insee, Local Dossier, p. 17
65. ^1 Brigitte Beaujard, The cities of Eastern Gaul from the 3rd to the 7th centuries, Gallia, 63, 2006, CNRS éditions, p. 22-23 {{Fr icon}}
66. ^1 At 13th, according to the Historical Atlas of Provence, p. 160
67. ^1 Raymond Collier, Haute-Provence monumental and artistic, Digne, Imprimerie Louis Jean, 1986, 559 p., p 87 {{Fr icon}}
68. ^1 2 Baratier, Duby, Hildesheimer, p. 160
69. ^1 Jean Nicolas, French Rebellion: popular movements and social conscience, 1661-1789, Paris : Gallimard, 2008. Collection Folio, {{ISBN|978-2-07-035971-4}}, p. 266-267 {{Fr icon}}
70. ^1 Patrice Alphand, "The Popular Societies", The Revolution in the Lower Alps, Annals of Haute-Provence, bulletin from the Scientific and Literary society of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, no 307, 1st trimester 1989, 108th year, p 296-298 {{Fr icon}}
71. ^1 Louis de Bresc Arms of the communes of Provence 1866. Reprint - Marcel Petit CPM - Raphèle-lès-Arles 1994 {{Fr icon}}
72. ^1 Flavien Raybaud was one of the 500 elected representatives who sponsored the candidacy of François Mitterrand (PS) at the French presidential election, 1981, cf Constitutional Council, List of elected candidates in the election of the President of the Republic, Official Journal of the French Republic of 15 April 1981, page 1046, available online, consulted on 29 July 2010
73. ^1 Aimé Bac was one of 500 elected officials who supported Jean-Luc Mélenchon at the French presidential election, 2012, Constitutional Council, Lists of citizens who presented candidates for the election of the President of the Republic, Official Journal, 31 March 2012 {{Fr icon}}
74. ^1 Raymond Collier, p 169
75. ^1 Raymond Collier, p 222

References

) {{Fr icon}}[39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75]
}}{{commons category|Angles (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence)|Angles, Alpes-de-Haute-Provence}}{{Alpes-de-Haute-Provence communes}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Angles, Alpes-De-Haute-Provence}}

1 : Communes of Alpes-de-Haute-Provence
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