| 词条 | Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval |
| 释义 |
} {{More citations needed|date=March 2019}} {{Infobox person| pre-nominals = His Excellency | name = The Duke of Laval-Montmorency | post-nominals = KOHS KOGF GCLH KOSL PF GE | image = Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency-Laval.jpg | alt = | caption = S.E. le duc de Laval-Montmorency in 1835 | birth_name = | birth_date = {{Birth date|1768|10|29}} | birth_place = Paris | death_date = {{Death date and age|1837|06|16|1768|10|29}} | death_place = Paris | nationality = {{FR}} | other_names = | occupation = Parliamentarian, diplomat, soldier | known_for = Foreign minister, Ambassador of France }} Anne-Adrien-Pierre de Montmorency, duc de Laval (29 October 1768, Paris – 16 June 1837, Paris), was 3rd Duc de Laval and a peer of France. He was an heir of the noble families of Montmorency and of Laval, styled Marquis de Laval then Prince de Montmorency-Laval before succeeding to his father's titles in 1817. He was additionally created a grandee of Spain and duque de San Fernando Luis. Adrien de Montmorency-Laval was a French army officer, before serving as French foreign minister and as an ambassador during the Bourbon Restoration.{{sfn|Courcelles|1822|p=32}} Early yearsHis father was Lieutenant-General Anne-Alexandre de Montmorency, 2nd Duc de Laval, and his mother was Marie-Louise de Montmorency-Luxembourg (1750–1829).[1] Born in 1768 while his formidable great-grandfather, Marshal Guy-André-Pierre de Montmorency, the 1st duke was alive, Adrien was sent to be raised under the tuition of his uncle Cardinal Louis-Joseph de Montmorency-Laval, Prince-Bishop of Metz and Grand Almoner of France in preparation for taking holy orders. Shortly after starting at the seminary of the Saint-Sulpice in Paris, his elder brother Guy de Montmorency, marquis de Laval, died unexpectedly in 1786; he had married Pauline-Renée-Sophie de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson in 1784. His brother's death, prompted him to leave church training and participate in court life at Versailles. Montmorency-Laval joined the French army, being commissioned in the Alsace Cavalry Regiment, commanded by Charles, vicomte de Noailles (later duc de Mouchy) where he served alongside Marc-René de Voyer de Paulmy, marquis d'Argenson (1771–1842), his brother-in-law and lifelong friend. Marriage and childrenOn 14 May 1788, he married his second cousin (their great-grandfather was Anne-Jacques de Bullion, marquis de Fervacques, Governor of Marne),[2] Bonne-Charlotte-Renée-Adélaïde de Montmorency-Luxembourg (1773–1840), daughter of Anne-Charles-Sigismond, duc de Piney-Luxembourg (1737–1803) and head of the senior branch of the Montmorencys, by his wife Madeleine-Suzanne-Adélaïde de Voyer de Paulmy d'Argenson. The Duke and his wife had three children:{{sfn|Courcelles|1822|p=32}}
Through his wife's family (the Colignys) their descendants inherited great wealth, as both her elder brothers died childless and in 1791 her younger sister Marie-Madeleine married Miguel Caetano Álvares Pereira de Melo, 5th Duque de Cadaval, emigrating to Portugal. Diplomatic careerUpon the outbreak of the French Revolution, after locating remaining family members in Paris, Adrien de Laval fled to England. As a French émigré in London, the marquis became friendly with the Prince of Wales and his circle. During the revolutionary wars his father appointed him as aide-de-camp and despatched him to Italy as a captain in the Montmorency Regiment being stationed at Rome. After the ban on émigrés was lifted in 1800 he returned to France. Adrien de Laval was one of the first to congratulate Louis XVIII at Calais in 1814, and the king promoted him maréchal de camp (major-general) and bestowed on him the style of Prince de Montmorency-Laval; he succeeded to his father's dukedom in 1817. On August 15, 1814, he was appointed French ambassador to Spain. There he came into conflict with Ceballos. But on receiving news of the return of Napoleon from Elba, a reconciliation was effected and Montmorency-Laval agreed to stay in Madrid, contrary to instructions from the French government. He successfully managed the somewhat tense relations between the Spanish Borbóns and the newly restored French Bourbons, being honoured in 1815 as a knight of the Golden Fleece and made duque de San Fernando Luis with the rank of grandee. His next ambassadorial posting was to Rome, where he arrived just before the end of Pius VII's reign and was present during the conclave for the election of his successor as pope; he supported the efforts of Austria in favour of Cardinal Castiglioni's candidacy. However, Cardinal Annibale della Genga was elected as Leo XII. On 20 March 1828, the Duc de Laval was appointed French ambassador to Austria. His name was also mooted as a candidate to be king of Greece, but he twice refused King Charles X's proposals. He was then posted as Ambassador to the Court of St James's, returning to Paris just before Charles X's exile. At Talleyrand's request, he dealt with unpleasant issues in London caused by his relatives, Louis, duc de Valençay and his father Edmond, duca di Dino, who had become addicted to gambling. Declining to swear allegiance to King Louis-Philippe, the Duke and Duchess retired to the chateau de Montigny, where they received visitors, including Talleyrand. The Duke died on 16 June 1837 and, having been predeceased by his son at Naples in 1819, his youngest brother Eugène succeeded to his French titles before they became extinct, whereas his Spanish ducado and grandeza devolved upon his elder daughter and her descendants. Honours and titles
See also{{portal|Kingdom of France|Biography}}
External links
ReferencesCitations1. ^[https://books.google.fr/books?id=oB8VAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA415&lpg=PA415&dq=Joseph+Maurice+Annibal+comte+de+luxe&source=bl&ots=CssYdFBSDB&sig=3AR2myG5DHdaT1Rxsk1OHhCIEjs&hl=en&sa=X&ei=gEj5VNnwLcuVauzugIgC&ved=0CGAQ6AEwCQ#v=onepage&q=Joseph%20Maurice%20Annibal%20comte%20de%20luxe&f=false Dictionnaire de la Noblesse, 1824] Sources{{refbegin}}2. ^www.bnf.fr
|last=Courcelles|first=Jean Baptiste Pierre Jullien de|title=Histoire généalogique et héraldique des pairs de France: des grands dignitaires de la couronne, des principales familles nobles du royaume et des maisons princières de l'Europe, précédée de la généalogie de la maison de France|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xkoWAAAAYAAJ&pg=RA5-PA32|accessdate=2014-04-20|year=1822|publisher=L'auteur}}
|before=Auguste, comte de La Ferronays |after=Joseph-Marie, comte Portalis |years= 24 April 1829 - 14 May 1829}}{{s-end}}{{Ministry of Jean-Baptiste de Martignac}}{{Foreign Ministers of France}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Montmorency-Laval, Anne Pierre Adrien, duc de}} 17 : 1768 births|1837 deaths|House of Montmorency-Laval|Politicians from Paris|Ambassadors of France to Spain|Dukes of Laval|Dukes of Spain|Grandees of Spain|French diplomats|French generals|Knights of Malta|Grand Croix of the Légion d'honneur|Recipients of the Order of the Holy Spirit|Knights of the Golden Fleece|19th-century French people|Ambassadors of France to the Austrian Empire|Ambassadors of France to the United Kingdom |
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