| 释义 |
- Early years
- Career
- Private life
- References Attribution Bibliography
- Further reading
Anne Moncure Crane (Seemüller) (January 7, 1838 – December 10, 1872){{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1888|p=1}}{{sfn|Habegger|2004|p=}} was an American novelist, who wrote such books as Emily Chester, Opportunity and Reginald Archer., which were about female sexual desires. Because of it her novels were considered controversial in some quarters of post-Civil War American society. The author Henry James, among others, was influenced by Crane's books. She was an important writer in early American realism{{citation needed|date=February 2018}} Early yearsCrane was born in Baltimore, Maryland in 1838. She was a daughter of William and Jean Niven Daniel (Crane). Her father founded the Richmond (Virginia) African Baptist Missionary Society along with two black clergymen, in 1815, and was a successful merchant.[1][2] Another ancestor, Thomas Stone, had signed the Declaration of Independence - an illustrious connection that would later be attached to one of Crane's literary characters. Crane was taught by a local pastor, the Reverend N.A. Morrison.{{sfn|Raymond|1870|p=}} She graduated in the year 1855.{{sfn|Boyle|1877|p=354}} CareerCrane completed her first novel, Emily Chester, in 1858; when it was published six years later in 1864, it became surprisingly popular. The book went through ten editions and was published in Europe as well as the United States. A dramatic play based on the book was even created, exploiting the intriguing new set-up that Crane had introduced – the respectable woman tempted to the verge of adultery, and the resulting effect that the moral predicament has on her personally. Her second book, Opportunity, was published at the close of 1867. While it failed to achieve the popularity of Emily Chester, it was nevertheless warmly received. Poet Paul H. Hayne wrote in one review, published in a Southern magazine: "This is no common romance. Depending but slightly upon the nature of its plot and outward incidents, its power is almost wholly concentrated upon a deep, faithful, subtle analysis of character. Indeed, it is rather a series of peculiar psychological studies, than a novel in the ordinary sense of the term.
Two male characters brothers divide the reader's interest. One is a brilliant, susceptible, but frivolous nature, possessing, no doubt, capacities for good, yet too feeble to arrest and to develop them. The other is a strong, passionate, manly, upright soul, who, in the blackest hours of misfortune and doubt, feels that there are instinctive spiritual truths which a man must cling to, would he avoid destruction. These brothers, so diverse in temperament, encounter and fall in love with the same woman.
In 1869 she wrote a novel Little Bopeep, which told about a young woman, who wasn't ordinary.[3] Prior to the publication of her three novels, Crane wrote several short stories for the Galaxy and Putnam's Monthly.{{sfn|Habegger|2004|p=}}{{sfn|Raymond|1870|p=}} In 1873, a collection of miscellaneous essays was published posthumously.{{sfn|Wilson|Fiske|1888|p=1}} Crane's third book was Reginald Archer, published in 1871. Literary historian Arthur Habegger claimed that the protagonist of this novel, Christie Archer, was the inspiration for The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James.{{sfn|Habegger|2004|p=}} Crane died in Stuttgart, Germany.{{sfn|Shepherd|1911|p=73-74}} After her death, The Nation published an obituary, expressing the hope that her immoral influence would cease and that her novels no longer be printed. This wish was fulfilled and her novels went out of print, and soon she had disappeared from a literary record.[4] Private lifeCrane married Augustus Seemüller, a New York merchant, in 1869. With her husband they left Baltimore to settle in New York City. Crane thereafter lived in relative comfort and was able to afford several tours of Europe. References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Appletons' Cyclopaedia of American Biography, Vol. II,|last=D. Appleton & Co.|first=|publisher=D. Appleton & Co.|year=1887|isbn=|location=|pages=}}
2. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.encyclopediavirginia.org/Black_Baptists_in_Virginia_1865-1902|title=Black Baptists in Virginia (1865–1902)|website=www.encyclopediavirginia.org|language=en|access-date=2018-09-27}}
3. ^https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=LY9cs1NGugoC&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=Anne+Moncure+Crane+(Seem%C3%BCller)&source=bl&ots=PwyFPY99ok&sig=QOjETrx8Hbv8ZDdStlC0JydLMNQ&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZjazsw_vYAhVNh6YKHbyvDPU4ChDoAQglMAA#v=onepage&q=Anne%20Moncure%20Crane%20(Seem%C3%BCller)&f=false
4. ^https://books.google.com.ua/books?id=LY9cs1NGugoC&pg=PA102&lpg=PA102&dq=Anne+Moncure+Crane+(Seem%C3%BCller)&source=bl&ots=PwyFPY99ok&sig=QOjETrx8Hbv8ZDdStlC0JydLMNQ&hl=ru&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiZjazsw_vYAhVNh6YKHbyvDPU4ChDoAQglMAA#v=onepage&q=Anne%20Moncure%20Crane%20(Seem%C3%BCller)&f=false
Attribution- {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Boyle|first=Esmeralda|title=Biographical Sketches of Distinguished Marylanders|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_ahBAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA354|edition=Public domain|year=1877|publisher=Kelly, Piet}} }}
- {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Cathcart|first=William|title=The Baptist Encyclopædia: A Dictionary of the Doctrines, Ordinances, Usages, Confessions of Faith, Sufferings, Labors, and Successes, and of the General History of the Baptist Denomination in All Lands : with Numerous Biographical Sketches of Distinguished American and Foreign Baptists, and a Supplement|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=N1NFAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA1039|edition=Public domain|volume=1|year=1881|publisher=L. H. Everts}} }}
- {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Raymond|first=Ida|title=Southland Writers: Biographical and Critical Sketches of the Living Female Writers of the South ; with Extracts from Their Writings|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=q68xAQAAMAAJ|edition=Public domain|year=1870|publisher=Claxton, Remsen & Haffelfinger}} }}
- {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Shepherd|first=Henry Elliot|title=The Representative Authors of Maryland: From the Earliest Time to the Present Day, with Biographical Notes and Comments Upon Their Work|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=18kpAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA73|edition=Public domain|year=1911|publisher=Whitehall Publishing Company}} }}
- {{Source-attribution| {{cite book|ref=harv|last1=Wilson|first1=James Grant|last2=Fiske|first2=John|title=Appleton's Cyclopaedia of American Biography|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=ESEMAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA1|edition=Public domain|year=1888|publisher=Gale Research Company|volume=2}} }}
Bibliography- {{cite book|ref=harv|last=Habegger|first=Alfred|title=Henry James and the 'Woman Business'|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=LY9cs1NGugoC|date=26 August 2004|publisher=Cambridge University Press|isbn=978-0-521-60943-2}}
Further reading- Judith E. Funston. "Crane, Anne Moncure" at American National Biography Online, February 2000
{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Crane, Anne Moncure}} 8 : 19th-century American novelists|1872 deaths|1838 births|American women novelists|American expatriates in Germany|19th-century American women writers|Writers from Baltimore|Novelists from Maryland |