| 词条 | Anthelmintic |
| 释义 |
Anthelmintics or antihelminthics are a group of antiparasitic drugs that expel parasitic worms (helminths) and other internal parasites from the body by either stunning or killing them and without causing significant damage to the host. They may also be called vermifuges (those that stun) or vermicides (those that kill). Anthelmintics are used to treat people who are infected by helminths, a condition called helminthiasis. These drugs are also used to treat infected animals. Pills containing anthelmintics are used in mass deworming campaigns of school-aged children in many developing countries.[1][2] For example, the treatment of choice for soil-transmitted helminths is mebendazole and albendazole[3] and praziquantel for schistosomiasis.[4] TypesAntiparasitics that specifically target Ascaris worms are called ascaricides.
Anthelmintic resistanceThe ability of parasites to survive treatments that are generally effective at the recommended doses is a major threat to the future control of worm parasites in small ruminants and horses. This is especially true of nematodes, and has helped spur development of aminoacetonitrile derivatives for treatment against drug-resistant nematodes, as well as exploration of antibiotics use against their endosymbiotic Wolbachia bacteria. The resistance is measured by the "fecal egg count reduction" value which varies for different types of helminths.[9] Treatment with an antihelminthic drug kills worms whose phenotype renders them susceptible to the drug, but resistant parasites survive and pass on their "resistance" genes. Resistant varieties accumulate and finally treatment failure occurs. See also
References1. ^{{cite book |author= WHO |year=2006|title= Preventive chemotherapy in human helminthiasis: coordinated use of anthelminthic drugs in control interventions: a manual for health professionals and programme managers| url= http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2006/9241547103_eng.pdf |edition= |publisher= WHO Press, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland |pages=1–61 |isbn= 9241547103}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Albonico|first1=Marco|last2=Allen|first2=Henrietta|last3=Chitsulo|first3=Lester|last4=Engels|first4=Dirk|last5=Gabrielli|first5=Albis-Francesco|last6=Savioli|first6=Lorenzo|last7=Brooker|first7=Simon|title=Controlling Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis in Pre-School-Age Children through Preventive Chemotherapy|journal=PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases|date=2008|volume=2|issue=3|pages=e126|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0000126|pmid=18365031|pmc=2274864}} 3. ^{{cite journal|last1=Taylor-Robinson|first1=DC|last2=Maayan|first2=N|last3=Soares-Weiser|first3=K|last4=Donegan|first4=S|last5=Garner|first5=P|title=Deworming drugs for soil-transmitted intestinal worms in children: effects on nutritional indicators, haemoglobin, and school performance.|journal=The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews|date=23 July 2015|volume=7|pages=CD000371|pmid=26202783|doi=10.1002/14651858.CD000371.pub6|pmc=4523932}} 4. ^{{cite web|title=Helminth control in school-age children|url=http://whqlibdoc.who.int/publications/2011/9789241548267_eng.pdf?ua=1|website=World Health Organisation|accessdate=28 July 2015|date=2011}} 5. ^{{cite journal | vauthors = Hagel I, Giusti T | title = Ascaris lumbricoides: an overview of therapeutic targets | journal = Infect Disord Drug Targets | volume = 10 | issue = 5 | pages = 349–67 | date = October 2010 | pmid = 20701574 | doi = 10.2174/187152610793180876| quote = new anthelmintic alternatives such as tribendimidine and Nitazoxanide have proved to be safe and effective against A. lumbricoides and other soil-transmitted helminthiases in human trials.}} 6. ^{{cite web | author=Shoff WH |editors=Chandrasekar PH, Talavera F, King JW | title=Cyclospora Medication | url=http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/236105-medication | website=Medscape | publisher=WebMD | accessdate=11 January 2016 | date=5 October 2015 | quote=Nitazoxanide, a 5-nitrothiazole derivative with broad-spectrum activity against helminths and protozoans, has been shown to be effective against C cayetanensis, with an efficacy 87% by the third dose (first, 71%; second 75%). Three percent of patients had minor side effects.}} 7. ^Iraqi Journal of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering 8. ^[https://pubag.nal.usda.gov/pubag/downloadPDF.xhtml?id=48686&content=PDF Veterinary Parasitology] 9. ^{{cite journal|last1=Levecke|first1=Bruno|last2=Montresor|first2=Antonio|last3=Albonico|first3=Marco|last4=Ame|first4=Shaali M.|last5=Behnke|first5=Jerzy M.|last6=Bethony|first6=Jeffrey M.|last7=Noumedem|first7=Calvine D.|last8=Engels|first8=Dirk|last9=Guillard|first9=Bertrand|last10=Kotze|first10=Andrew C.|last11=Krolewiecki|first11=Alejandro J.|last12=McCarthy|first12=James S.|last13=Mekonnen|first13=Zeleke|last14=Periago|first14=Maria V.|last15=Sopheak|first15=Hem|last16=Tchuem-Tchuenté|first16=Louis-Albert|last17=Duong|first17=Tran Thanh|last18=Huong|first18=Nguyen Thu|last19=Zeynudin|first19=Ahmed|last20=Vercruysse|first20=Jozef|last21=Olliaro|first21=Piero L.|title=Assessment of Anthelmintic Efficacy of Mebendazole in School Children in Six Countries Where Soil-Transmitted Helminths Are Endemic|journal=PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases|date=9 October 2014|volume=8|issue=10|pages=e3204|doi=10.1371/journal.pntd.0003204}} External links
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