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词条 Anti-histone antibodies
释义

  1. Specificity

  2. Detecting Antibodies

  3. Implications in Disease

  4. References

Anti-histone antibodies are autoantibodies that are a subset of the anti-nuclear antibody family, which specifically target histone protein subunits or histone complexes.[1] They were first reported by Henry Kunkel, H.R. Holman, and H.R.G. Dreicher in their studies of cellular causes of lupus erythematosus in 1959-60.[2][3] Today, anti-histone antibodies are still used as a marker for systemic lupus erythematosus, but are also implicated in other autoimmune diseases like Sjogren's Syndrome, dermatomyositis, or rheumatoid arthritis.[4][5]

Specificity

Anti-histone antibodies target 5 major classes of histone protein subunits: H1, H2A, H2B, H3, and H4.[6] Anti-histone antibodies are diverse, so aside from targeting the protein subunits, different antibodies may also be specific for different complexes, including the H2A-H2B dimer or the H3-H4 tetramer. There is evidence that IgG and IgM anti-histone antibodies produced as a result of different drug exposures are specific to epitopes of different histone complexes.[7] Highly modified histones have been shown to prompt a greater immune response.[8]

Detecting Antibodies

Anti-Histone antibodies can be clinically detected using an ELISA assay. A blood sample is required for the test.[9][5]

Indirect Immunofluorescence can also be used to detect anti-histone antibodies. Homogeneous, diffuse staining indicates the presence of anti-histone antibodies, chromatin, and some double-stranded DNA.[4]

Implications in Disease

Ninety-six percent of patients with lupus induced by procainamide will have a positive test for anti-histone antibodies, and 100% of patients whose lupus was induced by penicillamine, isoniazid, or methyldopa will have a positive test for anti-histone antibodies. In 70% of patients with Rheumatoid arthritis, Felty's syndrome, Sjogren's Syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and primary biliary cirrhosis, anti-histone antibodies are present. Anti-histone antibodies may also be present in Alzheimer's disease and dementia patients.[6]

A value of greater than 1.5 units relative to a control serum is considered a positive ELISA test for the anti-histone antibodies. Patients with Drug-Induced Lupus Erythematosus typically have positive tests for anti-histone antibodies but do not have indications for Anti-dsDNA antibodies. Patients with idiopathic Systemic Lupus Erythematosus have both types of autoantibodies present in their blood. Thus, this test can be useful in distinguishing these two illnesses.[9]

References

1. ^{{cite book|last1=Muller|first1=Sylviane|title=Chapter 23 - Histone Autoantibodies, In Autoantibodies|date=2014|location=San Diego, CA|isbn=9780444563781|page=195|edition=Third|doi=10.1016/B978-0-444-56378-1.00023-X}}
2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Holman|first1=Henry R.|last2=Deicher|first2=H.R.G.|last3=Kunkel|first3=H.G.|title=The L.E. Cell and L.E. Serum Factors|journal=Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine|date=July 1959|volume=35|issue=7|pages=409–418|pmc=1806184}}
3. ^{{cite book|last1=Holman|first1=H.R.|last2=Deicher|first2=H.R.G.|last3=Kunkel|first3=H.G.|title=Chapter 20. Multiple "Autoantibodies" to Cell Constituents in Systematic Lupus Erythematosus. In: Ciba Foundation Symposium - Cellular Aspects of Immunity|date=January 1, 1960|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester, UK|pages=429–449|doi = 10.1002/9780470719169.ch20}}
4. ^1 {{cite book|last1=Kumar|first1=Vinay|last2=Abbas|first2=Abul|last3=Aster|first3=Jon|title=Robbins Basic Pathology|date=2018|publisher=Elsevier|location=Philadelphia, PA|isbn=978-0-323-35317-5|pages=150–157|edition=10}}
5. ^1 {{cite web|last1=Inova Diagnostics|title=Quanta Lite Histone|url=http://www.inovadx.com/store/products/quanta-liter-histone/355?pid=31|website=Inova Diagnostics a Werfen Company|accessdate=8 February 2018}}
6. ^1 {{cite journal|last1=Cozzani|first1=Emanuele|last2=Drosera|first2=Massimo|last3=Gasparini|first3=Giulla|last4=Parodi|first4=Aurora|title=Serology of Lupus Erythematosus: Correlation between Immunopathological Features and Clinical Aspects|journal=Autoimmune Diseases|date=6 February 2014|doi=10.1155/2014/321359|PMC=3932647}}
7. ^{{cite journal|last1=Burlingame|first1=Rufus|last2=Rubin|first2=Robert|title=Drug-induced anti-histone autoantibodies display two patterns of reactivity with substructures of chromatin|journal=Journal of Clinical Investigation|date=August 1991|volume=88|pages=680–690|doi=10.1172/JCI115353|pmc=295413}}
8. ^{{cite journal|last1=Dema|first1=Barbara|last2=Charles|first2=Nicolas|title=Autoantibodies in SLE: Specificities, Isotypes, and Receptors|journal=Antibodies|date=4 January 2016|volume=1|issue=5|doi=10.3390/antib5010002}}
9. ^1 {{cite web |title=HIS - Clinical: Histone Autoantibodies, Serum |url=https://www.mayomedicallaboratories.com/test-catalog/Clinical+and+Interpretive/80944 |publisher=Mayo Medical Laboratories |accessdate=2018-08-04}}

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