| 词条 | Antioch mosaics | ||||
| 释义 |
The Antioch mosaics are a grouping of over 300 mosaic floors created around the 3rd century AD, and discovered during archaeological excavations of Antioch between 1932 and 1939 by a consortium of five museums and institutions. About half of the mosaics are housed at the Hatay Archaeology Museum in Antakya, with others currently residing at the Worcester Art Museum, Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, Baltimore Museum of Art, Harvard University and Princeton University Art Museum among others. The mosaics range in design from realistic imagery and scenes, to purely geometric patterns. HistoryAntioch was an ancient city located just outside the modern day city of Antakya, Turkey.[1] During the reign of Hadrian, during the 2nd century, through to the reign of Justinian in the 6th century, mosaic floors were the fashion in the city and its surrounding suburbs. The city thrived until it was destroyed by earthquakes in 526 and 528.[1]Beginning in 1932, a consortium of museums and institutions sponsored expeditions to the archaeological sites where the city of Antioch once stood. These museums, the Worcester Art Museum, Princeton University, the musée du Louvre, the Baltimore Museum of Art, and Harvard University's affiliate Dumbarton Oaks,[2] were attempting to uncover great monuments, palaces, and treasures, but were disappointed when most of what was unearthed, under tons of silt, was just the remains of houses, most without any remaining walls. The only surviving part of the majority of the houses was the floors.[3] The floors the archaeologists discovered were covered in intricate mosaics. More than 300 mosaics were found.[3] In 1939 the expedition ended and the archaeologists packed up to leave. They left about half of the unearthed mosaics to the city of Antakya, the modern day city located at Antioch, which subsequently built a museum, the Antakya Archaeological Museum, to house them. The rest of the mosaics were split up amongst the institutions that took part in the dig, and were sent all over the world.[3] To be transported, large amounts of concrete was poured behind the mosaics to create a stable backing.[4] When dividing up the floors, the archeologists, often took apart rooms and sent different parts of the floor to different museums. For an exhibit at the Worcester Art Museum in 2000, mosaics were compiled from Paris, Baltimore, Princeton and Wellesley, to reassemble a single room's floor.[3] After the expedition left, the pits were filled back in and olive groves were planted over them.[3] ArtThe Antioch mosaics were created at a time and place between distinct artistic styles. They show the link between artistic styles of ancient Greece and Rome, and the art of early Christianity.[1] The mosaics are incredibly large, with "The Worcester Hunt," the largest Antioch mosaic in the United States,[2] measuring {{convert|6.26|m|disp=flip}} x {{convert|7.11|m|disp=flip}}.[5] The mosaics range in design from realistic imagery and scenes, to purely geometric patterns.[3] It is believed that the mosaics were created by mosaic specialists.[4] The Tessera for the mosaics is both white and colored marble as well as white and colored limestone.[5] See also
References{{Commons category|Mosaics from Antioch}}1. ^1 Collection: Antioch Mosaics {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20101212071121/http://www.artbma.org/collection/overview/mosaics.html |date=December 12, 2010 }}. Baltimore Museum of Art. Retrieved January 26, 2011 {{Louvre Museum}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Antioch Mosaics}}2. ^1 Worcester Art Museum Restores Border Panels to Worcester Hunt, Largest Antioch Floor Mosaic in America. Worcester Art Museum. Retrieved January 26, 2011 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 Weisgall, Deborah. [https://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=FB0B10F7345C0C7A8DDDA80994D8404482 ART/ARCHITECTURE; Reading a Civilization Through Its Ancient Shards]. New York Times. November 19, 2000. Retrieved January 19, 2011 4. ^1 2 Fabrikant, Geraldine. [https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/29/arts/design/mosaic-restoration-as-performance-art.html?sq=the+Third+Face&scp=36&pagewanted=all&st=cse Mosaic Restoration As Performance Art; A Public Face-Lift for a 3rd-Century Floor]. New York Times. August 29, 2005. Retrieved January 22, 2011 5. ^1 Archambeault, Marie Jeanette. Sourcing of Marble Used in Mosaics at Antioch (Turkey) {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110720101826/http://digital.lib.usf.edu:8080/fedora/get/usfldc%3AE14-SFE0000328/DOCUMENT |date=July 20, 2011 }}.University of South Florida,College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Anthropology. Thesis. April 9, 2004. Retrieved January 26, 2009. 5 : Greek, Etruscan and Roman antiquities of the Louvre|Princeton University Art Museum|Roman mosaics|History of Antioch|Mosaics in Turkey |
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