| 词条 | Gravelly Hill Interchange |
| 释义 |
|country=GBR |road_type=M |name= Gravelly Hill Interchange |image=Spaghetti-Junction-Crop.jpg |image_caption= Gravelly Hill Interchange from the south east |other_names= Spaghetti Junction |location= Birmingham |coord= {{coord|52.511|-1.866|region:GB-BIR_type:landmark|display=inline,title}} |roads= {{Flatlist|
}} |type= Free-flow interchange |spans= |lanes= |const= |contractor= |opened= {{Start date|1972|05|24|df=y}} |height= |width= |maint= Highways England |map= OSM knooppunt Birmingham - spaghetti junction.png }} Gravelly Hill Interchange, better known throughout the UK by its nickname Spaghetti Junction,[1] is junction 6 of the M6 motorway where it meets the A38(M) Aston Expressway in the Gravelly Hill area of Birmingham, England. The interchange was opened on 24 May 1972. OverviewThe interchange's colloquial name "Spaghetti Junction" was coined in 1965 by journalists from the Birmingham Evening Mail. On 1 June 1965, reporter Roy Smith described plans for the then unbuilt junction as a "cross between a plate of spaghetti and an unsuccessful attempt at a Staffordshire knot" and sub-editor Alan Eaglesfield headlined the article "Spaghetti Junction".[2][3] The junction provides access to and from the A38 (Tyburn Road), A38(M) (Aston Expressway), the A5127 (Lichfield Road/Gravelly Hill), and several unclassified local roads. It covers {{convert|30|acres|abbr=on}}, serves 18 routes and includes {{convert|4|km|mi|1|abbr=on}} of slip roads, but only {{convert|1|km|1|abbr=on}} of the M6 itself. Across 5 different levels, it has 559 concrete columns, reaching up to {{convert|24.4|m|abbr=on}}. The engineers had to elevate {{convert|21.7|km|abbr=on}} of motorway to accommodate two railway lines, three canals, and two rivers. In 1958, the Ministry of Transport commissioned the engineering firm, Sir Owen Williams & Partners, to investigate possible routes to connect the M6, the A38(M) and the A38 trunk road.[4] The development of the interchange was approved and announced in August 1968 by the then Minister of Transport, Richard Marsh. Construction was expected to take three years and to cost £8m.[5] Construction started in 1968 and the junction was opened in May 1972 by the then Secretary of State for the Environment, Peter Walker.[6] The opening was delayed by several months because of "box girder inspections".[7] These followed the interim report of the Merrison Enquiry set up following the collapse of similar box girder bridges in Australia and Wales.[8] In an unusual meeting of old and new transport technology, the pillars supporting the flyovers over the Birmingham Canal Navigations had to be carefully placed to enable a horse-drawn canal boat to pass under the interchange without fouling the towing rope. The junction has undergone major repair work several times since, owing to the very heavy traffic through the junction, and some alleged cost-saving measures during its construction.[9] In November 2007, a sliproad running from the Tyburn Road onto the Aston Expressway was closed to undergo urgent repair works. Upon inspection, it was found that Spaghetti Junction itself was in need of repair work because salt and grit had weakened the joints in the structure.[10] The student magazine of Birmingham City University, Spaghetti Junction, takes its name from the interchange's nickname. Co-located junctionsUnderneath the motorway junction are the meeting points of local roads, the river Tame's confluences with the River Rea and Hockley Brook, the Cross-City and Walsall railway lines and Salford Junction, where the Grand Union Canal, Birmingham and Fazeley Canal and Tame Valley Canal meet. See also
References1. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/london/7140892.stm | work=BBC News | title=London road junction 'scariest' | date=12 December 2007 | accessdate=4 May 2010}} 2. ^{{cite book|last=Moran|first=Joe|title=On Roads|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PXtBbx8xmqkC&pg=PA45|accessdate=23 June 2012|year=2010|publisher=Profile Books|location=London|isbn=1846680603|page=45 }} 3. ^{{Cite news | last=Elkes | first=Neil | title=Birmingham Mail's role in creating Spaghetti Junction legend | newspaper=Birmingham Mail | location=Birmingham | date=16 May 2012 |url=http://www.birminghammail.net/news/birmingham-news/2012/05/16/birmingham-mail-s-role-in-creating-spaghetti-junction-legend-97319-30977109/ |accessdate=22 June 2012}} 4. ^http://www.bbc.co.uk/legacies/heritage/england/birmingham/article_1.shtml 5. ^{{cite news |title=£20m Motorway links for Midlands|date=20 August 1968 |work=The Times|page=2|location=London }} 6. ^{{cite news|title=Spaghetti Junction-the gateway to London|date=25 May 1972 |work=The Times |page=2 }} 7. ^{{cite journal| author=Charles Bulmer (ed)| title=On the road | journal=Motor| pages=48 |date=19 February 1972}} 8. ^{{cite news|title=M1 box-girder viaduct to be strengthened|date=24 November 1971|work=The Times |page=2 }} 9. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.iht.org/motorway/m5m6midlink.htm |title=The Motorway Archive; Midland Links Motorways |accessdate=13 December 2007 |work=The Motorway Archive }} 10. ^{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/west_midlands/7123193.stm |title=Urgent fix for Spaghetti Junction |work=BBC News |date=1 December 2007 |accessdate=2 December 2007}} External links{{Commons category}}
8 : 1972 establishments in England|Erdington|Motorway junctions in England|Roads in the West Midlands (county)|Transport in Birmingham, West Midlands|Transport infrastructure completed in 1972|M6 motorway|Metaphors referring to spaghetti |
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