| 词条 | Antonius Hambroek |
| 释义 |
| name = Antonius Hambroek | image = HambroekFront.jpg | image_size = 200px | caption = | birth_date = 1607 | birth_place = Rotterdam, Dutch Republic | death_date = July 21, 1661 | death_place = Taiwan | nationality = Dutch | residence = Netherlands Taiwan | alma_mater = | title = | parents = }}Antonius Hambroek (1607 – 21 July 1661) was a Dutch missionary to Formosa from 1648 to 1661,[1] during the Dutch colonial era. Prior to working in Formosa, Hambroek was a minister in Schipluiden between 1632 and 1647.[2] HistoryHe was martyred by Koxinga as the Chinese-Japanese warlord wrested Taiwan from the Dutch.[3] Koxinga had captured Hambroek along with his wife and three of his children, and sent him as a messenger to Frederik Coyett, the Governor of Formosa, to demand the surrender of the Dutch garrison at Fort Zeelandia and the abandonment of their colony. Koxinga promised the missionary death should he return with a displeasing answer; Coyett refused to surrender and Hambroek was executed on his return to Koxinga's camp.[4] After the Siege of Fort Zeelandia, Koxinga took Hambroek's teenage daughter as a concubine.[5][6] Other Dutch women were sold to Chinese soldiers to become their wives.[7] Antonius Hambroek, or the Siege of FormosaThe playwright Joannes Nomsz wrote a tragedy for the stage in 1775 about the martyrdom of Hambroek, "Antonius Hambroek, of de Belegering van Formoza" rendered in English as "Antonius Hambroek, or the Siege of Formosa",[8][9] sealing the missionary's fame in Holland. The topic of the Chinese taking the Dutch women and the daughter of Antonius Hambroek as concubines was featured in Joannes Nomsz's play, which became famous and well known in Europe. This revealed European anxiety about the fate of the Dutch women and subjection to defeat by non-Europeans.[10] References1. ^{{cite book |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |year=2005 |title=How Taiwan Became Chinese: Dutch, Spanish, and Han Colonization in the Seventeenth Century |publisher=Columbia University Press |chapter=Appendix B |url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/ |chapter-url=http://www.gutenberg-e.org/andrade/appB.html }} {{Dutch Formosa}}{{Christian missionaries in Taiwan}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Hambroek, Antonius}}2. ^{{cite news |last1=van der Wees |first1=Gerrit |title=Formosan past in a modern Dutch village |url=http://www.taipeitimes.com/News/feat/archives/2018/09/12/2003700249 |accessdate=17 September 2018 |work=Taipei Times |date=12 September 2018}} 3. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=PjVKjJ-WgOYC&pg=PA279 |title=Asia in the Making of Europe. Book 2, South Asia|page=279|isbn=978-0-226-46765-8}} 4. ^{{cite web|language=Dutch|url=http://www.dbnl.org/tekst/molh003nieu04_01/molh003nieu04_01_1119.htm|accessdate=2008-12-18|title=Nieuw Nederlandsch biografisch woordenboek (New Dutch Biographical Dictionary)}} 5. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?ei=YHLxTpe6G4nj0QHjtsm3Ag&id=_XglAQAAIAAJ&dq=hambroek+daughter&q=one+sweet+young+seized+harem|title=A History of Christianity in Asia: 1500-1900|volume=VOLUME II|year=1998|author=Samuel H. Moffett|edition=2, illustrated |publisher=Orbis Books|location= |isbn=1-57075-450-0|page=222 |pages= |accessdate=Dec 20, 2011}}(Volume 2 of A History of Christianity in Asia, Samuel H. Moffett Volume 36 of American Society of Missiology series) 6. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=QGzVAAAAMAAJ&q=hambroek+daughter&dq=hambroek+daughter&hl=en&sa=X&ei=zmjyTr7gI6bh0QHigo2cAg&ved=0CDAQ6AEwADgU|title=Free China review, Volume 11|volume=|year=1961|author=|edition= |publisher=W.Y. Tsao|location= |isbn=|page=54 |pages= |accessdate=Dec 20, 2011}} 7. ^{{cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=p3D6a7bK_t0C&pg=PA77&dq=happy+was+she+that+feel+to+the+lot+of+an+unmarried+man+being+thereby+freed+from+the+vexations+by+the+chinese+women+who+are+very+jealous&hl=en&sa=X&ei=YWvxTr37KeTo0QHU9d28Ag&ved=0CDUQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=happy%20was%20she%20that%20feel%20to%20the%20lot%20of%20an%20unmarried%20man%20being%20thereby%20freed%20from%20the%20vexations%20by%20the%20chinese%20women%20who%20are%20very%20jealous&f=false|title=Forbidden Nation: A History of Taiwan|volume=|year=2008|author=Jonathan Manthorpe|edition= illustrated|publisher=Macmillan|location= |isbn=0-230-61424-8|page=77 |pages= |accessdate=Dec 20, 2011}} 8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/Dutch/Ceneton/NomszHambroek1775.html |title=Antonius Hambroek, of de Belegering van Formoza |author=|last1=Nomsz |first1=Joannes |last2= |first2= |date=1775|website=Universiteit Leiden |publisher=IZAAK DUIM, op den Cingel, tusschen de Warmoesgracht, en de Drie-Koningstraat |location=AMSTELDAM |access-date= |quote=}} 9. ^{{cite book |last=Andrade |first=Tonio |date=2011|title=Lost Colony: The Untold Story of China's First Great Victory Over the West|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=6yzRscizpLMC&pg=PA413&lpg=PA413#v=onepage&q&f=false|archiveurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=eHUgTnxgotUC&pg=PT372&lpg=PT372&dq=http://www.let.leidenuniv.nl/Dutch/Ceneton/NomszHambroek1775.html&source=bl&ots=Pav5C_k7cX&sig=v4IJ7RElYsD03gP8MxCQrZvKT3s&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjL3_La2obOAhUEGh4KHf13CFcQ6AEIJDAB#v=onepage&q=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.let.leidenuniv.nl%2FDutch%2FCeneton%2FNomszHambroek1775.html&f=false|archivedate=December 10, 2014 |location= |publisher=Princeton University Press|edition=|volume= |issue=illustrated |series= |page=5|isbn=0691144559|accessdate=December 10, 2014 }} 10. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.chinaexpat.com/2012/06/01/koxinga-the-pirate.html/ |title=Koxinga the Pirate |author=Ernie |last1= |first1= |last2= |first2= |date=June 1, 2012 |website=China Expat |publisher= |access-date= |quote=}} 8 : 1607 births|1661 deaths|Protestant missionaries in Taiwan|Dutch expatriates in Taiwan|People of Dutch Formosa|People from Rotterdam|Dutch Protestant missionaries|17th-century Christian martyrs |
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