“Grazing lunar occultation”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

A lunar occultation occurs when the Moon, moving along its orbital path, passes in front of a star or other celestial object, as seen by an observer (normally on the Earth). Light from the occulted object is blocked by the moon and a shadow of the moon is cast onto the ground. The moon's shadow moves west-to-east due to the orbit of the moon and the rotation of the earth, as shown on the image at left.

The left (western) ellipse represents moonrise for that region of the globe. The right (eastern) ellipse represents moon set for that region. The northern and southern path limits are shown. Sites between the white lines will see the event occur at night, while sites between the blue lines will see the event occur during twilight, and sites between the red dotted lines may witness the event during the day-time, for stars brighter than mag.2. Source – Occult (Software).

A grazing lunar occultation (also lunar grazing occultation, lunar graze, or just graze) is seen at locations along the north and south limits, and the observer will see the object disappear as the shadow of mountains pass by, and reappear as the light passes down the valleys on the edge of the moon.

A plot of the results from a single observer graze expedition, where eight events were observed. The path of the star is shown curved, when in reality it is the moon moving past the star. The first disappearance is shown on the left (red) and the last reappearance on the right (green). The olive coloured dots are altitude soundings from the data points from the Kaguya lunar orbiter.

A team of many observers can combine observed events and construct an extremely accurate profile of the lunar terrain. Since graze paths rarely pass over established observatories, amateur astronomers use portable observing equipment and travel to sites along the shadow path limits. The goal is to report the UTC of each event as accurately as possible, and GPS disciplined devices are frequently used as the time-base.

All known lunar occultations, (both total lunar occultations as well as grazing lunar occultations) are archived at the VizieR service.^[1]

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References

1. ^{{Cite web|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR?-source=VI/132B|title=VizieR Lunar Occultation Archive|last=Herald|first=David|date=|website=vizier.u-strasbg.fr|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-06-16}}
2. ^{{Cite journal|title=Examination of the Hipparcos Proper Motion System from Lunar Occultation Analysis|journal = Iau Colloq. 180: Towards Models and Constants for Sub-Microarcsecond Astrometry|pages = 115|last=Soma|first=Mitsuru|bibcode = 2000tmcs.conf..115S|year = 2000}}
3. ^{{Cite journal|last=Sôma|first=Mitsuru|last2=Kato|first2=Yuji|date=2002-01-01|title=Limb profiles of the Moon from grazing occultation observations collected at RGO|url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/252846577|journal=Publications of the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan|volume=6|pages=75|bibcode=2002PNAOJ...6...75S}}
4. ^{{Cite journal|last=Stephenson|first=F. R.|last2=Morrison|first2=L. V.|last3=Hohenkerk|first3=C. Y.|date=2016-12-01|title=Measurement of the Earth's rotation: 720 BC to AD 2015|url=http://rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/472/2196/20160404|journal=Proc. R. Soc. A|language=en|volume=472|issue=2196|pages=20160404|doi=10.1098/rspa.2016.0404|pmid=28119545|issn=1364-5021|pmc=5247521|bibcode=2016RSPSA.47260404S}}
5. ^{{Cite web|url=http://vizier.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-3?-source=I/291/xz80q|title=VizieR – Catalogue XZ80Q|last=Herald|first=David|date=|website=vizier.u-strasbg.fr|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=2018-06-16}}
6. ^{{Cite journal|last=Eric|first=Limburg|date=2002-01-10|title=Lunar Occultation Workbench 3.1: stellar occultations tailor-made to your needs|journal=Occultation Newsletter, International Occultation Timing Association (IOTA)|language=en|volume=8|issue=4|pages=4|issn=0737-6766|bibcode=2002OccN....8d...4L}}

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