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词条 Apache Cordova
释义

  1. History

  2. Design and rationale

  3. Supported platforms

  4. See also

  5. References

  6. Bibliography

  7. External links

{{Infobox software
| name = Apache Cordova
| logo = Open_source_Apache_Cordova_logo_image.png
| logo size = 100px
| screenshot =
| caption =
| collapsible =
| author = Joe Bowser, Michael Brooks, Rob Ellis, Dave Johnson, Anis Kadri, Brian Leroux, Jesse MacFadyen, Filip Maj, Eric Oesterle, Brock Whitten, Herman Wong, Shazron Abdullah
| developer =
| platform = Android, iOS, Windows 8.1, Phone 8.1 and 10, OS X[1]Experimental Platform: Electron (software framework)Deprecated Platforms: BlackBerry, Firefox OS, Symbian, Ubuntu Touch, webOS, Windows Phone 7.0 and 8.0[2]
| programming language = C#, C++, CSS, HTML, Java, JavaScript and Objective-C
| released = 2009
| latest release version = 8.1.2
| latest release date = {{release date|2018|10|05}}[3][4][5]
| latest preview version =
| latest preview date =
| language = English
| genre = mobile development framework
| license = Apache 2.0 License[6][7]
| website = {{URL|https://cordova.apache.org}}
}}

Apache Cordova (formerly PhoneGap) is a mobile application development framework originally created by Nitobi. Adobe Systems purchased Nitobi in 2011, rebranded it as PhoneGap, and later released an open source version of the software called Apache Cordova.[8] Apache Cordova enables software programmers to build applications for mobile devices using CSS3, HTML5, and JavaScript instead of relying on platform-specific APIs like those in Android, iOS, or Windows Phone.[9] It enables wrapping up of CSS, HTML, and JavaScript code depending upon the platform of the device. It extends the features of HTML and JavaScript to work with the device. The resulting applications are hybrid, meaning that they are neither truly native mobile application (because all layout rendering is done via Web views instead of the platform's native UI framework) nor purely Web-based (because they are not just Web apps, but are packaged as apps for distribution and have access to native device APIs). Mixing native and hybrid code snippets has been possible since version 1.9.

The software was previously called just "PhoneGap", then "Apache Callback".[10][11] As open-source software, Apache Cordova allows wrappers around it, such as Appery.io or Intel XDK.

PhoneGap is Adobe's commercial version of Cordova along with its associated ecosystem. Many other tools and frameworks are also built on top of Cordova, including Ionic,[12] Monaca, TACO, Onsen UI, Visual Studio, GapDebug, App Builder, Cocoon, Framework7, Quasar Framework, Evothings Studio, NSB/AppStudio, Mobiscroll, the Intel XDK,[13] and the Telerik Platform.[14] These tools use Cordova, and not PhoneGap for their core tools.

Contributors to the Apache Cordova project include Adobe, BlackBerry, Google, IBM, Intel, Microsoft, Mozilla, and others.[15]

History

First developed at an iPhoneDevCamp event in San Francisco,[16] PhoneGap went on to win the People's Choice Award at O'Reilly Media's 2009 Web 2.0 Conference,[17] and the framework has been used to develop many apps.[18] Apple Inc. has confirmed that the framework has its approval, even with the new 4.0 developer license agreement changes.[19] The PhoneGap framework is used by several mobile application platforms such as Monaca,[20] appMobi,[21] Convertigo,[22][23] ViziApps,[24] and Worklight[25][26] as the backbone of their mobile client development engine.

Adobe officially announced the acquisition of Nitobi Software (the original developer) on October 4, 2011.[27] Coinciding with that, the PhoneGap code was contributed to the Apache Software Foundation to start a new project called Apache Cordova. The project's original name, Apache Callback, was viewed as too generic.[28] Then, it also appears in Adobe Systems as Adobe PhoneGap and also as Adobe PhoneGap Build.[29]

Early versions of PhoneGap required an Apple computer to create iOS apps and a Windows computer to create Windows Mobile apps. After September 2012, Adobe's PhoneGap Build service allows programmers to upload CSS, HTML, and JavaScript source code to a "cloud compiler" that generates apps for every supported platform.[30]

Design and rationale

The core of Apache Cordova applications use CSS3 and HTML5 for their rendering and JavaScript for their logic. HTML5 provides access to underlying hardware such as the accelerometer, camera, and GPS. However, browsers' support for HTML5-based device access is not consistent across mobile browsers, particularly older versions of Android. To overcome these limitations, Apache Cordova embeds the HTML5 code inside a native WebView on the device, using a foreign function interface to access the native resources of it.[31]

Apache Cordova can be extended with native plug-ins, allowing developers to add more functionalities that can be called from JavaScript, making it communicate directly between the native layer and the HTML5 page. These plugins allow access to the device's accelerometer, camera, compass, file system, microphone, and more.

However, the use of Web-based technologies leads some Apache Cordova applications to run slower than native applications with similar functionality.[32] Adobe Systems warns that applications built with Apache Cordova may be rejected by Apple for being too slow or not feeling "native" enough (having appearance and functionality consistent with what users have come to expect on the platform).[33][34]

Supported platforms

Apache Cordova currently supports development for the operating systems Apple iOS, Bada, BlackBerry, Firefox OS,[35] Google Android,[36] LG webOS, Microsoft Windows Phone (7 and 8), Nokia Symbian OS, Tizen (SDK 2.x), and Ubuntu Touch. The table below is a list of supported features for each operating system.[37][38]

{{Update|date=February 2019}}
Feature Android[39] Apple iPhone /iPhone 3G Apple iPhone 3GS and newer Bada BlackBerry 10 and PlayBook OS BlackBerry OS 4.6–4.7 BlackBerry OS 5.0-6.0+ Firefox OS Symbian Tizen webOS Ubuntu Touch Windows Phone
Accelerometer {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Camera {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Compass {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Contacts {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}}
File {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Geolocation {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Media {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{n/a}} {{n/a}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Network {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Notification (alert, sound, vibration) {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}
Storage {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{n/a}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}} {{Yes}}

See also

  • List of rich Internet application frameworks
  • Multiple phone web-based application framework
  • RhoMobile Suite
  • Cocos2d
  • WinJS

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/latest/guide/support/index.html|title=Cordova support by platform - Apache Cordova|author=|date=|website=cordova.apache.org}}
2. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/apache/cordova|title=apache/cordova|author=|date=|website=GitHub}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=https://github.com/apache/cordova-cli/releases|title=apache/cordova-cli|author=|date=|website=GitHub}}
4. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.npmjs.com/package/cordova|title=cordova|author=|date=|website=npm}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=https://cordova.apache.org/news/2018/09/26/cordova-cli-8.1.0.html|title=Cordova-CLI Release|author=|date=|website=cordova.apache.org}}
6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phonegap.com/about/license |title=PhoneGap License |publisher=Phonegap.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-09}}
7. ^{{cite web|url=http://html.adobe.com/edge/phonegap-build/faq.html |title=FAQ | PhoneGap Build | Edge Tools & Services | Adobe & HTML |publisher=Html.adobe.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-09}}
8. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.adobe.com/aboutadobe/pressroom/pressreleases/201110/AdobeAcquiresNitobi.html |title= Adobe Announces Agreement to Acquire Nitobi, Creator of PhoneGap |publisher=Adobe.com |date=2011-10-03 |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
9. ^{{cite web | url= http://gigaom.com/2009/04/05/phonegap-seeks-to-bridge-the-gap-between-mobile-app-platforms/ | title= PhoneGap Seeks to Bridge the Gap Between Mobile App Platforms | author= Jose Fermoso | date=April 5, 2009 | work= GigaOM | accessdate=2012-04-07 }}
10. ^{{cite web|url=https://dev.tiki.org/Apache+Callback|title=Apache Callback - Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Development|first=Tiki|last=Community|date=|website=Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware :: Development|accessdate=3 April 2018}}
11. ^{{cite web |url= http://wiki.phonegap.com/w/page/46311152/apache-callback-proposal |title= Apache Callback Proposal |publisher= Wiki.phonegap.com |date= 2013-08-15 |accessdate= 2013-10-09}}
12. ^{{cite web|title=The Last Word on Cordova and PhoneGap|url=http://blog.ionic.io/what-is-cordova-phonegap/|website=The Official Ionic Blog}}
13. ^{{cite web|title=Intel XDK|url=https://software.intel.com/en-us/intel-xdk|website=Intel Developer Zone}}
14. ^{{cite web|title=Apache Cordova|url=http://cordova.apache.org/|website=Apache Cordova}}
15. ^{{cite web|url= http://wiki.apache.org/cordova/who |title= Cordova Contributor's Who's Who |publisher=apache.org|date=2015-11-02 |accessdate=2015-11-02}}
16. ^{{cite web|author=Darryl K. Taft |url=http://www.eweek.com/c/a/Application-Development/PhoneGap-Simplifies-iPhone-Android-BlackBerry-Development-788189/ |title=PhoneGap Simplifies iPhone, Android, BlackBerry Development |publisher=Eweek.com |date=2009-03-13 |accessdate=2013-10-09}}
17. ^{{cite web|last=Davis |first=Lidija |url=http://www.readwriteweb.com/archives/phone_gap_todays_peoples_choice_winner_at_launch_p.php |title=PhoneGap: People's Choice Winner at Web 2.0 Expo Launch Pad |publisher=Readwriteweb.com |date=2009-04-02 |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
18. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phonegap.com/app/ |title=PhoneGap Apps |publisher=Phonegap.com |date= |accessdate=2012-12-06}}
19. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phonegap.com/2010/04/14/phonegap-and-the-apple-developer-license-agreement/ |title=PhoneGap and the Apple developer license agreement. « PhoneGap |publisher=Phonegap.com |date=2010-04-14 |accessdate=2012-04-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415035852/http://phonegap.com/2010/04/14/phonegap-and-the-apple-developer-license-agreement |archivedate=2012-04-15 }}
20. ^{{cite web|url=http://monaca.mobi/en/ |title=Develop Awesome PhoneGap Apps with Awesome Tools |publisher=monaco.mobi |date= |accessdate=2014-06-10}}
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.appmobi.com |title=Create Mobile and Web Apps with HTML5 and JavaScript | |publisher=appMobi.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
22. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.convertigo.com |title=Open Source Mobile Enablement and Enterprise Mashups |publisher=Convertigo |date= |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
23. ^{{cite web|url=http://phonegap.com/2011/07/07/convertigo-mobilizer-uses-phonegap-build-apis/ |title=Convertigo Mobilizer Uses PhoneGap Build APIs « PhoneGap |publisher=Phonegap.com |date=2011-07-07 |accessdate=2012-04-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120513040808/http://phonegap.com/2011/07/07/convertigo-mobilizer-uses-phonegap-build-apis/ |archivedate=2012-05-13 }}
24. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.viziapps.com |title=Create Mobile and Web Apps with HTML5 and JavaScript |publisher=ViziApps.com |date= |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
25. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.worklight.com |title=Mobile Application Platform and Tools |publisher=Worklight |date=2012-01-16 |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
26. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phonegap.com/2011/06/27/how-phonegap-plays-an-important-part-in-our-enterprise-offering/ |title=How PhoneGap plays an important part in our Enterprise offering PhoneGap |publisher=Phonegap.com |date=2011-06-27 |accessdate=2012-04-07 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120415220543/http://phonegap.com/2011/06/27/how-phonegap-plays-an-important-part-in-our-enterprise-offering |archivedate=2012-04-15 }}
27. ^{{cite web|last=Shankland |first=Stephen |url=http://news.cnet.com/8301-30685_3-20114857-264/adobe-buys-phonegap-typekit-for-better-Web-tools/ |title=Adobe buys PhoneGap, TypeKit for better Web tools | Deep Tech - CNET News |publisher=News.cnet.com |date=2011-10-03 |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
28. ^{{cite web|url=http://markmail.org/message/vcrw2swiwiwcojsd |title=finding a new name that isn't PhoneGap - Brian LeRoux - org.apache.incubator.callback-dev |publisher=MarkMail |date=2011-10-28 |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
29. ^{{cite web|url=http://build.phonegap.com |title=Adobe PhoneGap Build |publisher=Adobe Systems Inc.}}
30. ^Klint Finley.[https://techcrunch.com/2012/09/24/adobe-launches-hosted-phonegap-build-service-for-creating-cross-platform-mobile-apps/ "Adobe Launches Hosted PhoneGap Build Service For Creating Cross-Platform Mobile Apps"].2012.
31. ^{{cite web| url=http://software.intel.com/en-us/articles/the-development-of-mobile-applications-using-html5-and-phonegap-on-intel-architecture-based| title=The Development of Mobile Applications using HTML5 and PhoneGap on Intel Architecture-Based Platforms| date=2012-06-22| quote=However, HTML5 has some limitations. Most prominent, is the lack of API to access device hardware and sensors such as accelerometer, compass, GPS, etc. While native applications can access device hardware, they lack the portability that Web apps provide. Thus, a solution is to code a hybrid application, which cumulatively uses the benefits of native and Web apps.| accessdate=2013-02-17}}
32. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.sapandiwakar.in/api-research-study-iphone-and-android-applications/| title=Titanium vs Phonegap vs Native application development| author=Sapan Diwakar| date=2012-06-21| accessdate=2013-02-17}}
33. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.adobe.com/devnet/phonegap/articles/apple-application-rejections-and-phonegap-advice.html| title=PhoneGap advice on dealing with Apple application rejections| publisher=Adobe Systems| date=2012-10-29| accessdate=2013-02-17}}
34. ^{{cite web| url=http://www.adobe.com/devnet/phonegap/articles/creating-apps-with-phonegap-lessons.html| title=Creating apps with PhoneGap: Lessons learned| publisher=Adobe Systems| date=2012-09-17| quote=When you add more complex CSS3 elements, heavy transitions, and supporting multiple devices (such as iOS and Android), however, it makes you realize that there are few steps you must iron out to prevent hair loss| accessdate=2013-02-17}}
35. ^{{cite web|title=Building Cordova apps for Firefox OS ✩ Mozilla Hacks – the Web developer blog|url=https://hacks.mozilla.org/2014/02/building-cordova-apps-for-firefox-os/|accessdate=26 February 2014|date=20 February 2014}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://androidandme.com/2009/12/news/using-phonegap-and-the-sony-ericsson-websdk-to-develop-android-apps/ |title=Using PhoneGap and the Sony Ericsson WebSDK to develop Android apps |publisher=Android and Me |date= |accessdate=2012-04-07}}
37. ^{{cite web | url=http://docs.phonegap.com/en/edge/guide_support_index.md.html#Platform%20Support | title=Platform Support | publisher = Adobe PhoneGap | accessdate = 2016-02-23}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.phonegap.com/about/feature |title=PhoneGap supported features |publisher=Phonegap.com |date= |accessdate=2013-10-09}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=https://cordova.apache.org/docs/en/latest/guide/platforms/android/index.html|title=Android Platform Guide - Apache Cordova|author=|date=|website=cordova.apache.org|accessdate=3 April 2018}}

Bibliography

{{refbegin}}
  • {{cite book

| first = Jeff
| last = Pelletier
| date = April 25, 2013
| title = Mobile App Manual: The Blueprint
| publisher = Withinsight Publishing
| edition = 1st
| page = 96
| isbn = 978-0989072106
| url = http://mobileappmanual.com
}}
  • {{cite book

| first = Kerri
| last = Shotts
| date = February 26, 2013
| title = PhoneGap 2.x Mobile Application Development Hotshot
| publisher = Packt Publishing
| edition = 1st
| page = 388
| isbn = 978-1849519403
| url = http://www.packtpub.com/phonegap-2-mobile-application-hotshot/book
}}
  • {{cite book

| first = Matt
| last = Gifford
| date = October 22, 2012
| title = PhoneGap Mobile Application Development Cookbook
| publisher = Packt Publishing
| edition = 1st
| page = 320
| isbn = 978-1849518581
| url = http://www.packtpub.com/phonegap-mobile-application-development-cookbook/book
}}
  • {{cite book

| first1 = John
| last1 = M. Wargo
| date = June 11, 2012
| title = PhoneGap Essentials: Building Cross-Platform Mobile Apps
| publisher = Addison-Wesley Professional
| edition = 1st
| page = 384
| isbn = 978-0321814296
| url = http://phonegapessentials.com/
}}
  • {{cite book

| first1 = Jamie
| last1 = Munro
| date = March 29, 2012
| title = 20 Recipes for Programming PhoneGap: Cross-Platform Mobile Development for Android and iPhone
| publisher = O'Reilly Media
| edition = 1st
| page = 76
| isbn = 978-1-4493-1954-0
| url = http://shop.oreilly.com/product/0636920023708.do
}}
  • {{cite book

| first1 = Joshua
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| date = March 21, 2012
| title = Building Mobile Applications with Java: Using the Google Web Toolkit and PhoneGap
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}}
  • {{cite book

| first1 = Andrew
| last1 = Lunny
| date = September 23, 2011
| title = PhoneGap Beginner's Guide
| publisher = Packt Publishing
| edition = 1st
| page = 328
| isbn = 1-84951-536-0
| url = http://www.packtpub.com/phonegap-beginners-guide/book
}}
  • {{cite book

| first = Rohit
| last = Ghatol
| date = November 14, 2011
| title = Beginning PhoneGap: Mobile Web Framework for JavaScript and HTML5
| publisher = Apress
| edition = 1st
| page = 700
| isbn = 1-4302-3903-4
| url = http://www.apress.com/9781430239031
}}
  • {{cite book

| first1 = Thomas
| last1 = Myer
| date = December 13, 2011
| title = Beginning PhoneGap
| publisher = Wrox
| edition = 1st
| page = 336
| isbn = 1-118-15665-X
| url = http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-111815665X.html
}}{{refend}}

External links

{{wikibooks
|1= Android
|2= PhoneGap
}}
  • {{Official website}}
{{Apache}}

6 : Android (operating system) development software|BlackBerry development software|Communication software|Integrated development environments|Mobile technology companies|Rich Internet application frameworks
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