“April 2010 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

The April 2010 Rio de Janeiro floods and mudslides was an extreme weather event that affected the State of Rio de Janeiro in Brazil in the first days of April 2010. At least 212 people died,^[2]^[3]^[4] 161 people have been injured (including several rescuers),^[5] while at least 15,000 people have been made homeless.^[6] A further 10,000 homes are thought to be at risk from mudslides, most of them in the favelas, the shanty towns built on the hillsides above downtowns.^[7]^[8] Damage from the flooding has been estimated at 23.76 billion reais (US$13.3bn, €9.9bn), about 8% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of Rio de Janeiro State.^[9]

The flooding particularly affected the city of Rio de Janeiro, where at least 60 people died, and its surrounding area. Deaths were also been reported in the cities of Niterói (132), São Gonçalo (16), Paracambi (1), Engenheiro Paulo de Frontin (1), Magé (1), Nilópolis (1) and Petrópolis (1).^[5]^[10] Several municipalities, including Niterói and municipalities to the east such as Maricá and Araruama, have declared states of emergency or of public calamity.^[11] The Governor of Rio de Janeiro State, Sérgio Cabral, declared three days of official mourning for the dead.^[11]

Heavy rain started at around 5 p.m. local time (2000 UTC) on Monday 5 April in Rio de Janeiro city, and continued for 24 hours, with a total of 28.8 cm (11½ in.) of rain falling,^[10] more than was predicted for the whole of April^[7] and the heaviest rainfall for thirty years.^[8] The Brazilian TV station Globo said the rainfall was equivalent to 300,000 Olympic swimming pools of water.^[12] There were drivers who were forced to sleep in their cars. There were also firemen who used rubber dinghies to rescue passengers from stranded buses, and shopkeepers who worked very quickly to prevent the rainfall from destroying their businesses.^[12]

Rio de Janeiro mayor Eduardo Paes admitted that the city's preparedness for heavy rainfall had been "less than zero,"^[10] but added "there isn’t a city that wouldn’t have had problems with this level of rainfall."^[13]

A further landslide hit a slum in Niterói late on 7 April. It is thought to have killed at least 150.^[14] Around 200 people were missing in the town as of 13 April.^[2]

After nearly 300 landslides hit the area, the statue of Christ the Redeemer was cut off from traffic for the first time in history.^[2]

More than 300 homes were bulldozed after the landslides, and it is estimated that close to 12,000 families will need to be relocated by 2012 due to the damage from the floods.^[2]

Governmental Reaction

During this storm, “14,000 people were forced to leave their homes and seek refuge with relatives or at shelters.” Over 180 mudslides occurred that Tuesday.^[15] The governor of Rio advised that people stayed in their homes so that the emergency workers can "concentrate on reaching those in need."^[16] The city mayor also advised that everyone sought safer ground, and if possible, stayed in their homes.^[16]

On 13 April, United Press International reported on shortages of drinking water.^[15] City authorities initially were not able to say when power, gas, and water supplies were going to come back on, which made the residents start complaining of the slow relief. They also blame on decades of negligence for this disaster, since Rio de Janeiro has the highest proportion of people living in poverty.^[15]

Although there were many complaints, the storm itself was not “extraordinary”. Rain and mudslides were common during the month of April. The President declared that “once the storm has completely receded, a new drainage system would be built.” He also said that it would not affect the 2016 Olympics, since the projects involving the Olympics would take six years to complete.^[15]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite news|last=AP Photo|first=Story|title=News In Pictures on Thursday|url=http://www.straitstimes.com/NewsInPictures/Story/STIStory_514912.html|accessdate=14 January 2011|newspaper=The Straits Times|date=15 April 2010}}
2. ^¹²³⁴{{cite news|url=https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hq55PECrqr8qq838-B8Cff8Yn1RA|title=Brazil flood toll rises to 246, Rio's Christ statue cut off|last=de Oliveira|first=Claire|date=13 April 2010|work=Agence France-Presse|publisher=Google News|accessdate=30 April 2010|location=Rio de Janeiro, Brazil}}
3. ^{{citation | title = Rio: chuva enfraquece, mas risco de deslizamentos ainda é alto | url = http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI4367075-EI8139,00-Rio+chuva+enfraquece+mas+risco+de+deslizamentos+ainda+e+alto.html | newspaper = Terra | date = 7 April 2010}}. {{pt icon}}
4. ^{{citation | title = Bombeiros confirmam 184 mortes em decorrência das chuvas no Rio | url = http://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha/cotidiano/ult95u718546.shtml | newspaper = Folha de S.Paulo | date = 9 April 2010}}. {{pt icon}}
5. ^¹{{citation | title = Número de mortos chega a 180 no Rio, diz Corpo de Bombeiros | url = http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI4369504-EI15502,00-Numero+de+mortos+chega+a+no+Rio+diz+Corpo+de+Bombeiros.html | newspaper = Terra | date = 8 April 2010}}. {{pt icon}}
6. ^{{citation | title = Chuva no Rio: número de mortos não para de subir no estado e Niterói decreta calamidade pública | url = http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/mat/2010/04/08/chuva-no-rio-numero-de-mortos-nao-para-de-subir-no-estado-niteroi-decreta-calamidade-publica-916281725.asp | newspaper = O Globo | date = 8 April 2010}}. {{pt icon}}
7. ^¹{{citation | title = At Least 89 Die As Record Floods Hit Rio | url = http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Rio-de-Janeiro-Floods-Over-30-Dead-In-Floods-Caused-By-More-Than-15-Hours-Of-Constant-Rain/Article/201004115596069?f=rss | first = Adam | last = Arnold | publisher = Sky News | date = 6 April 2010}}
8. ^¹{{citation | title = Scores killed in Brazil flooding | url = http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/04/201046151148528719.html | publisher = Al Jazeera | date = 6 April 2010}}
9. ^{{citation | title =Perdas causadas pela chuva no Rio podem chegar a R$ 23,7 bi | url = http://noticias.terra.com.br/brasil/noticias/0,,OI4371389-EI15502,00-Perdas+causadas+pela+chuva+no+Rio+podem+chegar+a+R+bi.html | newspaper = Terra | date = 8 April 2010}}. {{pt icon}}
10. ^¹²{{citation | title =Flooding in Rio de Janeiro state kills 90 | url = http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8605386.stm | publisher = BBC News | date = 6 April 2010}}
11. ^¹{{citation | title = Chuva forte alaga diversos pontos do Rio e provoca mortes | url = http://oglobo.globo.com/rio/mat/2010/04/05/chuva-forte-alaga-diversos-pontos-do-rio-provoca-mortes-916250646.asp | newspaper = O Globo | date = 6 April 2010}}. {{pt icon}}
12. ^¹{{cite web|author=Tom Phillips in Rio de Janeiro |url=https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/apr/07/95-die-rio-floods |title=Floods and landslides kill 95 in Rio slums after city's worst rainstorms | World news |publisher=The Guardian |date= |accessdate=9 January 2016}}
13. ^{{citation | title = Rio Residents Told to Stay Home as Flooding Kills 95 | url = http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-04-06/rio-residents-told-to-stay-home-as-flooding-kills-77-update1-.html | first = Adriana | last = Brasileiro | publisher = Bloomberg | date = 6 April 2010}}
14. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8608718.stm|title=Fresh Brazil landslide 'leaves 200 feared buried'|date=8 April 2010|publisher=BBC News|accessdate=8 April 2010}}
15. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2010/04/braz-a14.html |title=Hundreds killed in Rio de Janeiro mudslides - World Socialist Web Site |publisher=Wsws.org |date= |accessdate=9 January 2016}}
16. ^¹{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/2010/04/07/world/americas/07brazil.html?_r=0 |title=At Least 95 Are Killed as Floods Paralyze Rio |date=6 April 2010 |newspaper=New York Times |last=Barrionuevo |first=Alexei |accessdate=9 January 2016}}