| 词条 | Arandu, Pakistan |
| 释义 |
| name = Arandu | native_name = اَرنْدو[1] | native_name_lang = ur | other_name = | nickname = The Gateway of Chitral | settlement_type = town | image_skyline = Arundu.jpg | image_alt = | image_caption = Arandu | pushpin_map = Pakistan | pushpin_label_position = right | pushpin_map_alt = | pushpin_map_caption = Location in Pakistan | coordinates = {{coord|35|18|37|N|71|32|55|E|display=inline,title}} | subdivision_type = Country | subdivision_name = {{flag|Pakistan}} | subdivision_type1 = Province | subdivision_name1 = Khyber Pakhtunkhwa | subdivision_type2 = District | subdivision_name2 = Chitral District | established_title = | established_date = | founder = | named_for = | government_type =MPA | governing_body =Shahzada Iftikharuddin | unit_pref = Metric | area_footnotes = | area_rank = | area_total_km2 = 57 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_m = 1128 |elevation_max_m = 3118 |elevation_min_m = 1100 | population_total = 27000 | population_as_of = 2003 | population_rank = | population_density_km2 = auto | population_demonym = | population_footnotes = | demographics_type1 = | demographics1_title1 = | demographics1_info1 = | timezone1 = PST | utc_offset1 = +5 | postal_code_type = PIN | postal_code = 17250[2] | registration_plate = | website = [https://web.archive.org/web/20150928012955/http://chitral.gov.pk/ Official Website] | footnotes = }} Arandu[3] ({{lang|ur|ارندو}}), also known as Arnawai ({{lang|ps|ارنوۍ}}),[4] is a town in the Chitral District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, on the banks of the Landai Sin River just above its confluence with the Kunar River. Arandu lies on the border with Kunar Province, Afghanistan. History{{Empty section|date=August 2015}}DemographyEthnically most residents are Khowar, and Gawar-Bati[5] is the language spoken by the majority of the people in Arandu. As Arandu has a low elevation and is the last village in Chitral District on the traditional trade route to Kabul, locally this language is also known as Aranduiwar.[6] Pashto, Urdu, and Khowar are also spoken and understood. GeographyArandu is located on the banks of the Landai Sin River (Bashgal River) just above its intersection with the Kunar River (Chitral River),[7] along the Drosh-Jalalabad Road. The Drosh-Jalalabad Road, including water traffic along the Kunar, used to be part of a major trade route from India to Kabul. Arundu is built on river benches that rise above the agricultural fields next to the two rivers. Arandu has an average elevation of {{convert|327|m|ft|0|abbr=on}}. The Lowari Range is across the Kunar to the north and west, while Mount Raskarla rises to {{Convert|2432|m|ft|0}} four kilometers to the east. ClimateArandu has the lowest elevation of any place in Chitral District[8] and maintains tropical weather during the summer and warmer temperatures than the rest of Chitral in winter. The winters are rainier than the summers. Its climate is classified as warm and temperate, and is listed as Csa by Köppen and Geiger.{{Citation needed|reason=Arundu seems cooler than Csa usually implies|date=May 2015}} The average annual temperature is 17.6 °C in arandu. The average annual rainfall is 800 mm. {{Weather box |location = Arandu |single line = Y |metric first = Y |Jan mean C = 4.8 |Feb mean C = 6.8 |Mar mean C = 11.2 |Apr mean C = 16.4 |May mean C = 22.0 |Jun mean C = 28.1 |Jul mean C = 30.1 |Aug mean C = 29.2 |Sep mean C = 25.2 |Oct mean C = 18.2 |Nov mean C = 12.4 |Dec mean C = 7.0 |year mean C = 17.6 |Jan high C = 9.5 |Feb high C = 11.7 |Mar high C = 16.7 |Apr high C = 22.4 |May high C = 28.7 |Jun high C = 35.5 |Jul high C = 36.9 |Aug high C = 35.8 |Sep high C = 32.2 |Oct high C = 25.5 |Nov high C = 19.1 |Dec high C = 12.2 |year high C = 23.8 |Jan low C = 0.1 |Feb low C = 1.9 |Mar low C = 5.8 |Apr low C = 10.4 |May low C = 15.4 |Jun low C = 20.7 |Jul low C = 23.3 |Aug low C = 22.6 |Sep low C = 18.3 |Oct low C = 11.0 |Nov low C = 5.7 |Dec low C = 1.9 |year low C = 11.4 |precipitation colour=green |Jan precipitation mm = 69 |Feb precipitation mm = 99 |Mar precipitation mm = 146 |Apr precipitation mm = 139 |May precipitation mm = 69 |Jun precipitation mm = 22 |Jul precipitation mm = 52 |Aug precipitation mm = 56 |Sep precipitation mm = 40 |Oct precipitation mm = 31 |Nov precipitation mm = 26 |Dec precipitation mm = 51 |source 1 =Climate-Data.org [9] }} See also
Notes and references1. ^{{GEOnet2|37C2FCB4789B0B35E0440003BA962ED3|اَرنْدو (Variant Non-Roman Script – VS)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency {{Chitral-Union-Councils}}2. ^http://paperpk.com/postalcodes/post-code-chitral-pakistan-zip-code-chitral 3. ^{{GEOnet2|32FA881405703774E0440003BA962ED3|Arandu (Approved – N)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 4. ^{{GEOnet2|32FA8814056F3774E0440003BA962ED3|Arnawai (Variant – V)}}, United States National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency 5. ^Gawar-bati means "speech of the Gawar" {{harvnb|Decker|1992|pages=153–154}} 6. ^{{Cite book|author=Decker, Kendall D.|year=1992 |title=Languages of Chitral |series=Sociolinguistic Survey of Northern Pakistan, volume 5 |location=Islamabad, Pakistan |publisher= National Institute of Pakistan Studies, Quaid-i-Azam University |pages=153–154 |isbn=978-969-8023-15-7}} citing Israr-ud-Din (1969). 7. ^{{EB1911|noprescript=1 |wstitle=Kafiristan|volume=15|page=631]}} 8. ^{{Cite journal|author=Chaudhri, Ikram Ilahi |year=1957 |title=A Contribution to the Flora of Chitral State |journal=The Pakistan Journal of Forestry |volume=7 |issue=2 |pages=103–144, page 104}} 9. ^{{Cite web|title=Climate:Arundu|publisher=Climate-Data.org / AmbiWeb GmbH |url=http://en.climate-data.org/location/959272/}} 1 : Populated places in Chitral District |
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