| 词条 | Archibald Church |
| 释义 |
| name = Archibald Church | honorific-suffix = MC DSO | image = Arcibad Curc.jpg | image_size = | caption = | title = | office1 = MP for Leyton East | term_start1 = 1922 | term_end1 = 1923 | predecessor1 = Ernest Edward Alexander | successor1 = Ernest Edward Alexander | office2 = MP for Wandsworth Central | term_start2 = 1929 | term_end2 = 1931 | predecessor2 = Sir Henry Jackson | successor2 = Sir Henry Jackson | birth_name = Archibald George Church | birth_date = {{birth date|1886|09|07|df=yes}} | birth_place = Mile End/Bow, Middlesex | death_date = {{Death date and age|1954|08|23|1886|09|07|df=y}} | death_place = St Stephens Hospital, Fulham, London | death_cause = | resting_place = | resting_place_coordinates = | nationality = British | party = Labour Party (UK) | otherparty = National Labour Organisation | spouse = Katherine Mary Strange Church | children = | parents = | relatives = | residence = 17 Wellington Square, Chelsea, London | education = | alma_mater = | occupation = | profession = Soldier | known_for = | nickname = | allegiance = United Kingdom | branch = British Army: Royal Garrison Artillery | serviceyears = | rank = Major | unit = | commands = | battles = | mawards = DSO, MC }} Major Archibald Church {{post-nominals|country=GBR|DSO|MC}} (1886-1954)[1] was a British school teacher, soldier and Labour Party politician.[2] He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Leyton East from 1923 to 1924, and for Wandsworth Central from 1929 to 1931. Early lifeChurch was born on 7 December 1866 in London, England and was educated at University College, London. He was a schoolmaster from 1909 to 1914 when he joined the Army at the start of the First World War. Military careerChurch served on the Western Front for three years with the Royal Artillery then the Royal Flying Corps. He was transferred to North Russia to command the Centre Column of the 237 Infantary Brigade. In January 1919, Church was awarded the Military Cross (MC) for his service during the First World War,[3] and in January 1920 he was awarded the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for action in the Murmansk Command during the British intervention in the Russian Civil War.[4] The citation noted his "particular gallantry and zeal during the operations from Medevja-gora to Unitsa, 8 June to 26 July 1919".[4] Political career
Church first stood for Parliament at the 1922 general election, when he lost by a 35:65 ratio of votes in the Conservative-held part-rural, suburban Spelthorne seat.[5]
At the 1923 general election he won the mainly urban Leyton East seat by a 7% margin from Unionist (Conservative) E.E. Alexander but the latter took it back in 1924 by the same rounded margin.[6][7]
He took urban, more middle class, Wandsworth Central returning to the Commons at the next general election in 1929 general election. He took it from a recently knighted Conservative, noted in transport services. He won a slender majority of 300 votes (1.1% of the total).[2][8]
In July 1931, Church tabled a Ten Minute Rule Bill promoted by the Eugenics Education Society.[9] Although the eugenics measure was "a Bill to enable mental defectives to undergo sterilizing operations or sterilizing treatment upon their own application, or that of their spouses or parents or guardians,"[10] its underlying purpose was the eventual introduction of compulsory sterilisation,[9] with Church describing it as "an experiment on a small scale so that later on we may have the benefit of the results and experience gained in order to come to conclusions before bringing in a Bill for the compulsory sterilisation of the unfit."[10] The Commons voted by 167 votes to 89 against any second reading.[9][10]
When the Labour Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald left the party in 1931 to co-lead a Conservative-dominated National Government, Church was one of the few Labour MPs to support him. He followed MacDonald into the new National Labour Organisation then that year stood in the 1931 general election as a National Independent for the London University seat, where he lost by a 27:73 ratio against one candidate.[2][11] He stood again twice, as a National Labour (NLO) candidate: in Bristol East at the 1935 general election[12] then in Derby at a by-election in July 1936,[13] and in Tottenham South as a "National" candidate at the 1945 general election but remained unelected after 1931. In March 1934 he was appointed as a member of a Royal Commission established to enquire into the organisation and work of the University of Durham.[14] References1. ^{{Rayment-hc|w|1|date=March 2012}} 2. ^1 2 {{cite book |last=Craig |first=F. W. S. |authorlink= F. W. S. Craig |title=British parliamentary election results 1885–1918 |origyear=1974 |edition= 2nd |year=1989 |publisher= Parliamentary Research Services |location=Chichester |isbn= 0-900178-27-2 |page=56}} 3. ^{{London Gazette|issue= 31092|date= 31 December 1918|pages=23–24|supp=y|city=London}} 4. ^1 {{London Gazette|issue= 31745|date= 20 January 1920|page=919|supp=y|city=London}} 5. ^Craig, op. cit., page 427 6. ^{{London Gazette|issue= 32897|date= 11 January 1924|page=363|city=London}} 7. ^Craig, op. cit., page 170 8. ^{{London Gazette|issue= 33508|date= 21 June 1929|page=4115|city=London}} 9. ^1 2 {{cite book|last=Fennell|first=Phil |title=Treatment without consent: law, psychiatry and the treatment of mentally disordered people since 1845|url=https://books.google.com/?id=DUfvDVOtehgC&pg=PA84&dq=%22Archibald++Church%22+Labour#v=onepage&q=%22Archibald%20%20Church%22%20Labour&f=false|year=1996|publisher=Routledge|isbn=978-0-415-07787-3|page=84}} 10. ^1 2 {{cite web|url=http://hansard.millbanksystems.com/commons/1931/jul/21/sterilization|title=House of Commons Debates 21 July 1931 vol 255 cc1249-57|work=Hansard|publisher=Hansard 1803–2005|accessdate=29 July 2010}} 11. ^Craig, op. cit., page 669 12. ^Craig, op. cit., page 106 13. ^Craig, op. cit., page 124 14. ^{{London Gazette|issue= 34034|date= 20 March 1934|pages=1860–1861|city=London}} External links
| title = Member of Parliament for Leyton East | years = 1923 – 1924 | before = Ernest Alexander | after = Ernest Alexander }}{{succession box | title = Member of Parliament for Wandsworth Central | years = 1929 – 1931 | before = Sir Henry Jackson | after = Sir Henry Jackson, Bt }}{{s-npo|union}}{{succession box|title=General Secretary of the National Union of Scientific Workers|years=1920 – 1931|before=Norman Campbell|after=?}}{{S-end}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Church, Archibald}} 14 : 1886 births|1954 deaths|British Army personnel of the Russian Civil War|British Army personnel of World War I|British eugenicists|Companions of the Distinguished Service Order|Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies|National Labour (UK) politicians|People educated at University College School|Politics of the London Borough of Wandsworth|Recipients of the Military Cross|Royal Garrison Artillery officers|UK MPs 1923–24|UK MPs 1929–31 |
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