“Green Bay, Wisconsin”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Green Bay is a city in and the county seat of Brown County in the U.S. state of Wisconsin,^[5] at the head of Green Bay, a sub-basin of Lake Michigan, at the mouth of the Fox River. It is {{convert|581|ft|m}} above sea level and {{convert|112|mi|km}} north of Milwaukee. The population was 104,057 at the 2010 census.^[3] Green Bay is the third-largest city in the state of Wisconsin, after Milwaukee and Madison, and the third-largest city on Lake Michigan's west shore, after Chicago and Milwaukee. Green Bay is home to the National Football League's Green Bay Packers.

Green Bay is the principal city of the Green Bay Metropolitan Statistical Area, which covers Brown, Kewaunee, and Oconto counties;^[6] the MSA had a combined population of 306,241 at the 2010 census.^[3]

Green Bay is an industrial city with several meatpacking plants, paper mills, and a port on Green Bay, an arm of Lake Michigan known locally as "the Bay of Green Bay". Green Bay hosts the Neville Public Museum, with exhibitions of art, history, and science; the Children's Museum; and the University of Wisconsin–Green Bay.

History

From the trading post La Baie des Puants to the town La Baie verte

Nicolet founded a small trading post here in 1634, originally named La Baye or La Baie des Puants (French for "the Bay of Stinking Waters").^[10] Nicolet's settlement was one of the oldest European permanent settlements in America.^[11]

When Nicolet arrived in the Green Bay area, he encountered the Menominee, as this was their territory. He also met the Ho-Chunk, also known as the Winnebago, a people who spoke a Sioux language. The Winnebago hunted, fished, and cultivated corn, bean, squash, and tobacco. Wild rice, which they had incorporated as a dietary staple, grew in abundance along the riverbanks. They regularly harvested and cooked this, along with a wide variety of nuts, berries, and edible roots of the woods.^[12] The tribe had clearly distinguished gender roles. The men typically hunted and fished for food, and the women processed game and other foods in cooking. They prepared and made clothing from the furs as well as using other parts of animals for tools, cord, etc. Women also had a role in the political process, as no action could be taken without agreement of half of the women. Nicolet stayed with this tribe for about a year, becoming an ally. He helped open up opportunities for trade and commerce with them before returning to Quebec.^[12]

A few months after Nicolet returned to Quebec, Champlain died. His death halted other journeys to La Baie Verte (French for "The Green Bay"). Père Claude Allouez sent Nicolas Perrot to La Baie. After this, the French avoided the area for some decades, because of the intensity of First Nations and European conflicts in the east. In 1671, a Jesuit Mission was set up in the area. A fort was added in 1717 and gradually associated development took place. The town was incorporated in 1754. As Great Britain took control of French areas during the Seven Years' War, known as the French and Indian War in some areas of North America, this town came under British control in 1761. The French ceded their North American lands East of the Mississippi River to the British following defeat in 1763.

The first permanent French settlers were Charles de Langlade and his family from Canada, who moved to Green Bay in 1765, becoming the first European-American settlers in today's Wisconsin. Langlade, called the "Founder and Father of Wisconsin", was an Ottawa war chief with a French father. He is credited with planning the ambush of British General Braddock and George Washington in the French and Indian War. The Grignons, Porliers and Lawes, who followed, brought Canadian-French culture with them. Colorful "jack-knife Judge" Reaume dispensed British justice in the territory.^[12] These early French settlers set the tone for many who followed.

The British take-over

The British gradually took over Wisconsin during the French and Indian War, taking control of Green Bay in 1761 and gaining control of all of Wisconsin in 1763. Like the French, the British were interested in little but the fur trade. One notable event in the fur trading industry in Wisconsin occurred in 1791, when two free African Americans set up a fur trading post among the Menominee at present day Marinette. The first permanent settlers, mostly French Canadians, some Anglo-New Englanders and a few African American freedmen, arrived in Wisconsin while it was under British control. Charles Michel de Langlade is generally recognized as the first settler, establishing a trading post at Green Bay in 1745, and moving there permanently in 1764.^[13] Settlement began at Prairie du Chien around 1781. The French residents at the trading post in what is now Green Bay, referred to the town as "La Bey", however British fur traders referred to it as "Green Bay", because the water and the shore assumed green tints in early spring. The old French title was gradually dropped, and the British name of "Green Bay" stuck. The region coming under British rule had virtually no adverse effect on the French residents as the British needed the cooperation of the French fur traders and the French fur traders needed the goodwill of the British. During the French occupation of the region licenses for fur trading had been issued scarcely and only to select groups of traders, whereas the British, in an effort to make as much money as possible from the region, issued licenses for fur trading freely, both to British and French residents. The fur trade in what is now Wisconsin reached its height under British rule, and the first self-sustaining farms in the state were established as well. From 1763 to 1780, Green Bay was a prosperous community which produced its own foodstuff, built graceful cottages and held dances and festivities.^[14]

After Independence

The Green Bay area was still under British control until the 1783 treaty formally ended the American Revolutionary War. Following the War of 1812, which in part was over disputes related to the border with Canada, the United States built Fort Howard on the Fox River in 1816 to protect its northern border.^[12] Doty, Whitney, Arndt, Baird and Martin were among the many British-American settlers whose numbers pushed French culture into the background.^[12] As British settlers in the area came to outnumber the French, they referred to the town as "Green Bay" (from the French: Baie Verte).

The Erie Canal was completed in 1825, linking New England with the Great Lakes. This led to the advance of Green Bay as a trading center. The end of the Black Hawk War in 1832 also gave impetus to settlement of the region. Most of the settlers were farmers from New England who began using the Erie Canal to pour into Wisconsin. As more and more New England settlers arrived, Green Bay developed into a trading center for this population.^[15]

Wisconsin's first newspaper, The Green Bay Intelligencer, was started in 1833 by Albert Ellis and John V. Suydam. The borough of Green Bay, created in 1838, is the center of the present-day city. The borough combined the town of Astoria (a company town of the American Fur Company), with Navarino, platted by Daniel Whitney.^[17] Before Wisconsin became a state in 1848, its commerce was based on the fur trade, which became dominated by John Jacob Astor's American Fur Company. After statehood, there was a shift away from fur trading toward lumbering. "For a short time in 1860s and 1870s, iron smelting in charcoal kilns rivaled the timber industry while the port handled increasing amounts of fuel, feed, and lumber. Today's major local industry had its start in 1865 when the first paper mill was built."^[12]

By 1850 the town had a population of 1,923. The town was incorporated as the city of Green Bay in 1854. The Green Bay Area Public School District was founded in 1856.^[12] Throughout the 1850s, word spread of America's cheap land and good soil, bringing in an influx of Belgian people, German, Scandinavian, Irish and Dutch immigrants, each adding to the culture. The greatest concentration of newcomers came from Belgium. They cleared the land to farm and build their homes.^[12]

The railroad arrived in the 1860s. Chicago and Northwestern Railroad companies were formed, which allowed people and products to travel all over the state, increasing business and trade opportunities. The area was able to grow and enrich itself with the use of the river and the plentiful timber resources. This led to the paper industry becoming the major employer in Green Bay, and opened up the port for international trade.^[8]

In 1934, President Franklin D. Roosevelt came to Green Bay to honor its tercentenary.^[10] By 1950, the city had a population of 52,735. In 1964, the Town of Preble was consolidated with the city of Green Bay.^[18]

Geography

Green Bay is in the northeastern part of Wisconsin at the mouth of the Fox River. Today, Interstate 43 meets Interstate 41 (also U.S. Route 41) in Green Bay, about {{Convert|90|mi}} north of Milwaukee.

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of {{convert|55.96|sqmi|sqkm|2}}, of which, {{convert|45.47|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is land and {{convert|10.49|sqmi|sqkm|2}} is water.^[19]

Climate

Green Bay has a humid continental climate (Köppen climate classification Dfb),^[20] with some moderation due to the city's proximity to Lake Michigan. Like other cities with this type of climate, there are four distinct seasons, often with severe or extreme variation between them in terms of temperature and precipitation. Green Bay experiences warm, humid, frequently hot summers and long, cold and snowy winters. The variance in temperature and precipitation between months is severe and often extreme. Tornadoes are rare in the Green Bay area, with the strongest being an F3 tornado that hit the community of Pittsfield on June 26, 1969.^[21]

Monthly mean temperatures range from {{convert|16.6|°F|1}} in January to {{convert|69.1|°F|1}} in July.^[35] In July, the warmest month, the average high temperature is {{convert|81.2|°F|1}}.^[35] There are 6.1 days of {{convert|90|F|0}}+ highs, 68 days where the high remains at or below freezing, and 19 days with sub-{{convert|0|F|0}} lows annually. From December to February, even during thaws, the temperature rarely reaches {{convert|50|F|0}}. Extremes have ranged from {{convert|−36|F|0}} on January 21, 1888 to {{convert|104|F|0}} on July 13, 1936.

The wettest month in Green Bay is August, when 3.77 inches (95.8 mm) of precipitation falls, mostly in the form of rainfall from thunderstorms. The driest month in Green Bay is February, when the majority of precipitation falls as low moisture-content snow due to cold, dry air. On average, 1.01 inches (25.7 mm) of precipitation falls in February.

Demographics

2010 census

As of the census^[29] of 2010, there were 104,057 people, 42,244 households, and 24,699 families residing in the city. The population density was {{convert|2288.5|PD/sqmi|PD/km2|1}}. There were 45,241 housing units at an average density of {{convert|995.0|/sqmi|/km2|1}}. The racial makeup of the city was 77.9% White, 3.5% African American, 4.1% Native American, 4.0% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 7.2% from other races, and 3.1% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 13.4% of the population.

There were 42,244 households of which 31.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40.4% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 5.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.5% were non-families. 32.4% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the average family size was 3.06.

The median age in the city was 33.7 years. 24.7% of residents were under the age of 18; 11.7% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.7% were from 25 to 44; 24.5% were from 45 to 64; and 11.3% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 49.4% male and 50.6% female.

2000 census

As of the census of 2000,^[3] there were 102,313 people, 41,591 households, and 24,663 families residing in the city. The population density was 2,332.1 people per square mile (900.5/km²). There were 43,123 housing units at an average density of 982.9 per square mile (379.5/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 85.86% White, 1.38% African American, 3.28% Native American, 3.76% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 3.72% from other races, and 1.97% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 7.13% of the population.

There were 41,591 households of which 30.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.1% were married couples living together, 10.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.7% were non-families. About 31.6% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.40 and the average family size was 3.06.

In the city, the age distribution of the population shows 25.4% under the age of 18, 11.6% from 18 to 24, 31.7% from 25 to 44, 19.5% from 45 to 64, and 11.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.2 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.8 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $38,820, and the median income for a family was $48,678. Males had a median income of $33,246 versus $23,825 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,269. About 7.4% of families and 10.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12.7% of those under the age of 18 and 9.2% of those 65 and older.

Government

Green Bay is governed by a mayor and a city council. The mayor is elected in a citywide vote. The city council consists of 12 members each elected from districts.

Mayors

Green Bay is represented by Mike Gallagher (R) in the United States House of Representatives, and by Ron Johnson (R) and Tammy Baldwin (D) in the United States Senate. Frank Lasee (R), Robert Cowles (R), and Dave Hansen (D) represent Green Bay in the Wisconsin State Senate, and David Steffen (R), John Macco (R), and Eric Genrich (D) represent Green Bay in the Wisconsin State Assembly.

Law enforcement

The Green Bay Police Department was established in on August 27, 1857, when the Green Bay Police Corps was established, and Henry Baird was named Chief of Police. The Green Bay Police Department provides many specialized services such as a Dive Team, Harbor Patrol, Motorcycle Patrol, and a S.W.A.T. Team.

Since the establishment of the Green Bay Police Department, one officer has died in the line of duty.^[30]

Infrastructure

Transportation

Railroads

From 1896 to 1993 the city was the headquarters of the Green Bay and Western Railroad. In 1993, the line was purchased by the Wisconsin Central. In 2001, the WC was merged into the Canadian National Railway. The Chicago and North Western Railway also served Green Bay and its depot still stands. Green Bay was last served with a regular passenger train, the CNW's Peninsula 400, in 1971. The CNW sold its trackage from Green Bay south to Sheboygan in 1987 to the Fox River Valley Railroad, which became part of the WC in 1993. Green Bay also saw passenger service from the Milwaukee Road's Chippewa-Hiawatha, which ran from Chicago into the upper peninsula of Michigan. Green Bay is also served by the Escanaba and Lake Superior Railroad.

Airport

Green Bay is served by Green Bay–Austin Straubel International Airport. Delta Airlines, American Airlines, and United Airlines all offer flights out of Green Bay.^[31]

Highways

Local transit

Green Bay Metro provides mass transit bus service throughout Green Bay and the surrounding suburbs.

Greyhound Lines, Jefferson Lines, Indian Trails, and Lamers Bus Lines provide intercity transportation from the central Green Bay Metro station which is downtown.

Water

Green Bay is served by the Port of Green Bay. The port handled 1.99 million tons of cargo in 2015.^[32] The primary shipments into and out of the port include coal, limestone, salt, and cement.^[32]

Utilities

Electricity

Green Bay is served by Wisconsin Public Service Corporation, which operates the J. P. Pulliam Generating Station within the city.^[33]

Water

Sewer service is provided by the Green Bay Metropolitan Sewerage District, also known as NEW Water.^[35]

Health care

Green Bay is the headquarters of Bellin Health and Prevea Health, regional health care providers.^[36]

Green Bay is home to four hospitals: Aurora Baycare Medical Center, Bellin Hospital, St. Mary's Hospital Medical Center, and St. Vincent Hospital.

Green Bay is also home to the Milo C. Huempfner VA Outpatient Clinic, and Bellin Psychiatric Center and Willow Creek Behavioral Health, the city's two psychiatric hospitals.^[37]

Education

Green Bay is served by the Green Bay Area Public School District. It operates twenty-five elementary schools, two K-8 schools, four middle schools, four high schools, and one alternative school in the city and surrounding area. Two of the city's high schools, East High School and West High School, have Wisconsin's longest consecutively-played high school football rivalry, played since 1905. Private schools in Green Bay include Notre Dame de la Baie Academy, Northeastern Wisconsin Lutheran High School, and Bay City Baptist School.

Higher education

Public libraries

The Brown County Library (BCL) Central Branch is downtown in downtown Green Bay and has served as the county public library since 1968. The Central Branch is the headquarters for the BCL system, which encompasses all public libraries in Brown County, including eight branch libraries and a bookmobile that regularly visits locations throughout the county. In 1994, the Brown County Library was named Wisconsin Library of the Year.^[42]

Religion

In 2000, the American Religion Data Archive reported Green Bay to be predominantly Catholic (71.5%), with Lutherans composing an additional 16.4%. The remaining 12% is almost entirely made-up of other Protestant denominations.^[43]

The Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod has four churches in Green Bay: St. Paul Lutheran Church,^[44] First Evangelical Lutheran Church,^[45] Beautiful Savior Lutheran Church,^[46] and Messiah Lutheran Church.^[47]^[48]

Christ the King Lutheran Church is a church of the Evangelical Lutheran Synod in Green Bay.^[49]

The city is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Green Bay. The Cathedral of Saint Francis Xavier in Green Bay is the mother church of the Diocese. The diocese is in the province of the Archdiocese of Milwaukee. The Saint Joseph Oratory is in Green Bay.

The Islamic Society of Wisconsin, Green Bay serves the Islamic community. The Green Bay Area Unitarian Universalist Fellowship is in the city. Congregation Cnesses Israel Temple, serving the area's Jewish population, is on the city's east side.

Sports

Other major sporting events in Green Bay include the Bellin Run and the Cellcom Green Bay Marathon.

Arts and culture

The Meyer Theatre and the Hotel Northland are on the National Register of Historic Places. The Northland was once the largest hotel in Wisconsin.^[51]

Daddy D Productions perform at Riverside Ballroom and Let Me Be Frank Productions perform at the Meyer Theatre.^[69] The Civic Symphony of Green Bay performs at the Meyer Theatre, its home venue. The former Green Bay Symphony Orchestra disbanded after their 2014–2015 season, after performing for over 100 years, citing financial difficulties.^[52]

Performance venues in Green Bay include: Lambeau Field, Resch Center, Brown County Veterans Memorial Arena, Shopko Hall, Weidner Center, and the Meyer Theatre.

The Artgarage and the Automotive Gallery are art galleries in the downtown area.^[53]

Museums in the city include the Neville Public Museum and the Hazelwood Historic House Museum.^[53]

Every summer, the downtown area plays host to ArtStreet, an art festival featuring studio displays, demonstrations, and live entertainment.^[54] Dine on the Deck is an event that allows patrons to dine on the CityDeck and features dishes from local restaurants.^[55] Taste on Broadway has live entertainment and dishes served by local restaurants who compete for awards.^[56] The Broadway Neighborhood association hosts a farmer's market every Wednesday from May to October.

Media and internet

Television stations in Green Bay are WBAY (2), (ABC); WFRV (5), (CBS); WLUK (11), (FOX);

WCWF (14), (CW); WGBA (26), (NBC); WACY (32), (MNT); and WPNE (38), a PBS affiliate.

Green Bay is served by the Green Bay Press-Gazette. Another local newspaper, the Green Bay News-Chronicle, ceased publication in 2005.

The free public Wi-Fi system in the downtown Green Bay Broadway District went into operation in 2007.^[57]

Economy

Industry

Green Bay is known as the "Toilet Paper Capital of the World" because of the prevalence of the paper industry in the city.^[58] Northern Paper Company, Fort Howard Paper Company, and Hoberg Paper Company were among Green Bay's first paper companies. Northern Paper Company offered the first splinter-free toilet paper in the early 1930s.^[59] The presence of the paper industry helped Green Bay avoid the worst effects of the Great Depression.^[60] Today, major paper producers include Georgia-Pacific,^[61] Procter & Gamble,^[62] and Steen-Macek Paper Company.^[63]

Among the earliest packing companies in Green Bay were Acme Packing Company and Indian Packing Company, the namesake of the Green Bay Packers.^[64] Today, major meatpackers in the city include JBS S.A. (formerly Packerland Packing)^[65] and American Foods Group.

Largest employers

Other major employers include Associated Banc-Corp, Green Bay Area Public School District, Shopko, JBS USA, Expert Global Solutions, Walmart, Green Bay Packaging, Procter & Gamble, Schreiber Foods, the Green Bay Packers, Nature's Way, HJ Martin and Son, and Nicolet National Bank.^[67]

Points of interest

Shopping

Green Bay has one enclosed shopping mall, East Town Mall, located within the city. The Bay Park Square shopping mall is located in the suburb of Ashwaubenon. The city is home to the first Shopko discount department store.^[68]

East Town Mall

Built in 1982 and remodeled three times, East Town Mall is an enclosed shopping center on Green Bay's east side. East Town's anchors are Hobby Lobby, Office Max, Petco, and Kohl's. East Town has about 17 specialty shops. East Town Mall has seven Windspire vertical wind turbines outside of its main entrance that help reduce costs to the common area.^[69] East Town has been struggling with a declining number of shoppers. A New Jersey developer's plans to purchase the mall was approved by the Green Bay City Council.^[70]

Green Bay Plaza

Built in 1960, Green Bay Plaza is a large strip mall on Green Bay's west side. It is anchored by Ross Dress for Less, Party City, T.J. Maxx, HomeGoods, Big Lots, and Office Depot. It contains specialty shops and restaurants.

Politics

Military

Religion

Sports

Literature, music, arts

Inventors, business leaders

Gallery

Notable buildings

Sister cities

Notes

References

1. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/gazette.html|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2011-04-23|date=2011-02-12|title=US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=2017 U.S. Gazetteer Files|url=https://www2.census.gov/geo/docs/maps-data/data/gazetteer/2017_Gazetteer/2017_gaz_place_55.txt|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=Mar 28, 2019}}
3. ^¹²³{{cite web|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2008-01-31 |title=American FactFinder |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130911234518/http://factfinder2.census.gov/ |archivedate=2013-09-11 |df= }}
4. ^{{cite web|url=http://geonames.usgs.gov|accessdate=2008-01-31|title=US Board on Geographic Names|publisher=United States Geological Survey|date=2007-10-25}}
5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |accessdate=2011-06-07 |title=Find a County |publisher=National Association of Counties |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531210815/http://www.naco.org/Counties/Pages/FindACounty.aspx |archivedate=2011-05-31 |df= }}
6. ^[https://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List4.txt METROPOLITAN STATISTICAL AREAS AND COMPONENTS] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070526063716/http://www.census.gov/population/www/estimates/metro_general/2006/List4.txt |date=May 26, 2007 }}, Office of Management and Budget, 2007-05-11. Accessed 2008-07-30.
7. ^"Jean Nicolet", Wisconsin History
8. ^¹City of Green Bay. "City of Green Bay." www.ci.green-bay.wi.us. 5 Oct. 2008 <{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/geninfo/history_o.html |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-02-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213154730/http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/geninfo/history_o.html |archivedate=2009-02-13 |df= }}>
9. ^"Jean Nicolet", Enchanted Learning
10. ^¹{{cite web |title = Green Bay History: 1600-1700's |url=http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/history/1600s_1700s.html |publisher=City of Green Bay |accessdate=August 23, 2017}}
11. ^{{Cite book|url=https://books.google.com/books?hl=en&lr=&id=MSwdAAAAMAAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PA1#v=onepage&q&f=false |title=Historic Green Bay. 1634-1840|last=Neville|first=Ella Hoes|last2=Martin|first2=Sarah Greene|last3=Martin|first3=Deborah Beaumont|date=1893|publisher=The Authors}}
12. ^¹²³⁴⁵⁶⁷City of Green Bay {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090213154730/http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/geninfo/history_o.html |date=2009-02-13|accessdate=2017-09-09 }}
13. ^[https://web.archive.org/web/20141112134553/http://www.wisconsinhistory.org/dictionary/index.asp?action=view&term_id=2266&search_term=langlade]
14. ^Wisconsin, a Guide to the Badger State page 188
15. ^Wisconsin Encyclopedia By Federal Writers' Project of the Works Progress Administration, Jennifer L. Herman page 336
16. ^Warren Gerds, A is for architecture: Hazelwood stands out in Greek Revival style, Press-Gazette, July 16, 2009, Accessed July 16, 2009. {{Dead link|date=February 2011}}
17. ^{{cite book |last1=Martin |first1=Deborah Beaumont |last2=Beaumont |first2=Sophie |title=Old Green Bay |url=https://archive.org/details/oldgreenbay00mart |accessdate=September 13, 2013 |year=1899 |publisher=Cheltenham Press |location=New York}}
18. ^Mayor Denissen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081209051608/http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/geninfo/mayors_past/mayor_denissen_o.html |date=2008-12-09 }}
19. ^{{cite web |title=US Gazetteer files 2010 |url=https://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |publisher=United States Census Bureau |accessdate=2012-11-18 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/64vfLAeJ2?url=http://www.census.gov/geo/www/gazetteer/files/Gaz_places_national.txt |archivedate=2012-01-24 |df= }}
20. ^M. Kottek, J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, & F.Rubel, "World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated", Meteorologische Zeitschrift, Vol. 15, No. 3, 259-263 (June 2006).
21. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.tornadohistoryproject.com|title=Tornado History Project: Maps and Statistics|website=Tornadohistoryproject.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
22. ^¹²{{cite web |url = http://www.nws.noaa.gov/climate/xmacis.php?wfo=grb |title = NowData – NOAA Online Weather Data |publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |accessdate = 2017-02-23}}
23. ^{{cite web |url=ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/normals/1981-2010/products/station/USW00014898.normals.txt |publisher=National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration |title=Station Name: WI GREEN BAY |accessdate=2014-03-26}}
24. ^{{cite web| url = ftp://ftp.atdd.noaa.gov/pub/GCOS/WMO-Normals/TABLES/REG_IV/US/GROUP4/72645.TXT| title = WMO Climate Normals for GREEN BAY/A.-STRAUBEL, WI 1961–1990| publisher = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration| accessdate = 2014-03-10}}
25. ^{{cite web| url = http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/online/ccd/pctpos.txt| title = Average Percent Sunshine through 2009| accessdate = 2012-11-14| publisher = National Climatic Data Center}}
26. ^¹{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/programs-surveys/popest/data/tables.2017.html|title=Population and Housing Unit Estimates|accessdate=March 24, 2018}}
27. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|title=Census of Population and Housing|author=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=August 22, 2014|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/6YSasqtfX?url=http://www.census.gov/prod/www/decennial.html|archivedate=May 12, 2015|df=}}
28. ^{{cite web|title=Population Estimates|url=https://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140522161634/http://www.census.gov/popest/data/cities/totals/2013/SUB-EST2013-3.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=2014-05-22|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2014-08-22 }}
29. ^¹{{cite web|title=American FactFinder|url=http://factfinder2.census.gov/faces/nav/jsf/pages/index.xhtml|publisher=United States Census Bureau|accessdate=2012-11-18}}
30. ^{{cite web|url=http://odmp.org/agency/1494-green-bay-police-department-wisconsin|title=Green Bay Police Department, WI|website=The Officer Down Memorial Page (ODMP)|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
31. ^{{cite web|url=http://flygrb.com/airline-travel-info/airline-information|title=Airline Information - FlyGRB|website=Flygrb.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
32. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://portofgreenbay.com/about/history |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2016-03-21 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20160316103708/http://portofgreenbay.com/about/history |archivedate=2016-03-16 |df= }}
33. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wisconsinpublicservice.com/company/pulliam.aspx |title=Pulliam Power Plant |publisher=Wisconsin Public Service Corporation |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}
34. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/2017/01/06/green-bay-mom-wants-rid-fluoride-water/96156288/ |title=Green Bay mom wants to rid fluoride from water |author=Adam Rodewald |publisher=Green Bay Press-Gazette |date=January 6, 2017 |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}
35. ^{{cite web|url=http://fox11online.com/news/local/green-bay/researchers-test-water-quality-on-green-bay |title=Researchers test water quality on Green Bay |author=Eric Peterson |publisher=WLUK-TV |date=September 22, 2016 |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}
36. ^{{cite web|url=http://archive.jsonline.com/business/integrated-health-network-to-add-hospital-sisters-health-system-prevea-health-b99405836z1-285220731.html |title=Integrated Health Network to add Hospital Sisters Health System, Prevea Health |author=Guy Boulton |publisher=Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel |date=December 9, 2014 |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}
37. ^{{cite web|url=http://fox11online.com/news/local/green-bay/green-bay-police-shows-support-for-new-mental-health-facility |title=Green Bay police shows support for new mental health facility |author=Gabrielle Mays |publisher=WLUK-TV |date=January 12, 2017 |accessdate=January 15, 2017}}
38. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.cuw.edu/admissions/adult-accelerated/locations/greenbay.html|title=Green Bay - Concordia University Wisconsin|website=Concordia University Wisconsin|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
39. ^{{cite web|url=http://lakeland.edu/Evening-Weekend-and-Online/green-bay-center|title=Green Bay Center|website=lakeland.edu|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
40. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.jsonline.com/business/medicial-college-plans-to-open-campuses-in-green-bay-central-wisconsin-m55sftt-160243035.html |title=Medical College plans campuses in Green Bay, central Wisconsin |work=Milwaukee Journal-Sentinel |author=Kathleen Gallagher |date=June 25, 2012 |access-date=July 21, 2016}}
41. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/2014/08/22/medical-college-wisconsin-green-bay-loses-partner/14464109/ |title=Medical College of Wisconsin-Green Bay loses a partner |publisher=Green Bay-Press Gazette |author=Amy Bailey |date=August 22, 2014 |access-date=July 21, 2016}}
42. ^Brown County Library: General Information Accessed 23 October 2011
43. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.thearda.com|title=The Association of Religion Data Archives - Quality Data on Religion|website=Thearda.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
44. ^{{cite web|url= http://www.stpaulgreenbay.com/site/cpage.asp?cpage_id=180046147&sec_id=180012152|title=St. Paul Lutheran Church & School - Our Mission|website=Stpaulgreenbay.com|accessdate=9 September 2017}}
45. ^{{cite web |url= http://www.firstlutherangb.org/aboutus.htm|title=First Lutherand Church :: About Us|first=|last=RestartPC.com|website= Firstlutherangb.org |accessdate=9 September 2017}}
46. ^{{cite web|archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20150705163911/http://www.beautifulsavior.com/about_us/#aboutAffiliation|archivedate = 5 July 2015|url = http://www.beautifulsavior.com/about_us/|title = About Us|website = Beautiful Savior: Green Bay, WI|deadurl = no}}
47. ^{{cite web|website=Messiah Lutheran Church|title = Home|url=http://messiahgb.org/|deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161009203125/http://www.messiahgb.org/index.php|archivedate=2016-10-09|df=}}
48. ^{{cite web |url= http://welslocator.locatorsearch.com/searchresults.aspx|title=WELS Location Search|website=Welslocator.locatorsearch.com |accessdate= 9 September 2017}}
49. ^{{cite web |title= Welcome! {{!}} Christ the King Lutheran Church |url= http://christthekinggb.360unite.com/home}}
50. ^{{cite web|title=Birth of a Team|url=http://www.packers.com/history/birth-of-a-team-and-a-legend.html|website=Green Bay Packers|accessdate=January 15, 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218235758/http://www.packers.com/history/birth-of-a-team-and-a-legend.html|archive-date=February 18, 2014|dead-url=yes|df=mdy-all}}
51. ^{{cite web|url =https://www.thehotelnorthland.com/|title = Hotel Northland}}
52. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/news/local/2015/04/09/green-bay-symphony-orchestra-taking-final-bow/25556971/|title=Green Bay Symphony Orchestra taking final bow|website=Greenbaypressgazette.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
53. ^¹²{{cite web|url=https://www.greenbay.com/things-to-do/arts-culture/|title=Green Bay CVB|website=Green Bay CVB|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
54. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.mosaicartsinc.org/artstreet/|title=Artstreet - Mosaic Arts Inc|website= Mosaicartsinc.org |accessdate=2017-09-09}}
55. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/CityDeck/DineOnDeck.html|title=The CityDeck - discover the excitement!|website=Ci.green-bay.wi.us|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
56. ^{{cite web|url=https://downtowngreenbay.com/explore/broadway-events/taste-on-broadway |title=Taste on Broadway |accessdate= |deadurl=no|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20190314172726/https://downtowngreenbay.com/explore/broadway-events/taste-on-broadway |archivedate=14 March 2019 |df=|website = Downtown Green Bay }}
57. ^{{cite news | last = Ryman | first = Richard | title = Broadway District businesses go Wi-Fi | work = Green Bay Press-Gazette | date = October 12, 2007 | url = http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=2007710120580 | accessdate = 2007-12-09 }} {{Dead link|date=September 2010|bot=H3llBot}}
58. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.greenbay.com/media/trivia/|title=Green Bay CVB|website=Green Bay CVB|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
59. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.quiltednorthern.com/about|title=Learn about Quilted Northern®|website=Quiltednorthern.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
60. ^{{cite web|url=https://sports.vice.com/en_us/article/debt-toilet-paper-and-scandals-how-the-green-bay-packers-became-a-non-profit |title=Debt, Toilet Paper, and Scandals: How the Green Bay Packers Became a Non-Profit |author=Brian Tuohy |date=December 3, 2014 |accessdate=March 21, 2016}}
61. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.gp.com/Company/Company-Overview/Locations/Green-Bay#tab-1|title=Green Bay Paper Mill|website=Gp.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
62. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.greenbaypressgazette.com/story/money/2014/08/04/procter-gamble-slim-product-lineup/13602181/|title=Procter & Gamble to slim down product lineup|website=Greenbaypressgazette.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
63. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/profiles/companies/0394255D:US-steen-macek-paper-co-inc|title=Steen-Macek Paper Co Inc: Company Profile|website=Bloomberg.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
64. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.packers.com/history/birth-of-a-team-and-a-legend.html |title=Birth of a Team and a Legend |publisher=Green Bay Packers |accessdate=March 21, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140218235758/http://www.packers.com/history/birth-of-a-team-and-a-legend.html |archive-date=February 18, 2014 |dead-url=yes |df=mdy-all }}
65. ^{{cite web|url=http://jbssa.com/about/locations/|title=JBS|website=JBS USA|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
66. ^{{cite web |url=http://greenbaywi.gov/wp-content/uploads/02243-2014-Financial-Statements-Final-2014-City-of-Green-Bay-CAFR-06302015.pdf |title=City of Green Bay 2014 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report |format=PDF |date= |accessdate=March 20, 2016 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161230071952/http://greenbaywi.gov/wp-content/uploads/02243-2014-Financial-Statements-Final-2014-City-of-Green-Bay-CAFR-06302015.pdf |archive-date=2016-12-30 |dead-url=yes |df= }}
67. ^{{cite web|url=http://greenbaywi.gov/EconomicDevelopment/the-market/top-employers/|title=Top Employers|website=Greenbaywi.gov|accessdate=2017-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170907214933/http://greenbaywi.gov/EconomicDevelopment/the-market/top-employers/|archive-date=2017-09-07|dead-url=yes|df=}}
68. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.shopko.com/category/Company/Our-History/pc/2176/2179.uts?&pageSize=|title=Our History: Shopko|website=Shopko.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
69. ^{{cite web|url=http://easttownmallgb.com/wp-content/uploads/gaiabrochure.pdf|format=PDF|title=Wind Power is Coming|website=Easttownmallgb.com|accessdate=2017-09-09|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170921073818/http://easttownmallgb.com/wp-content/uploads/gaiabrochure.pdf|archive-date=2017-09-21|dead-url=yes|df=}}
70. ^{{Cite news|url=http://fox11online.com/news/local/green-bay/changes-proposed-for-green-bays-east-town-mall|title=Changes proposed for Green Bay's East Town Mall|last=Krumholz|first=Ben|work=WLUK|access-date=2017-03-19|language=en-US}}
71. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/mayors_past/mayor_abrams_wj.html |title=W. J. Abrams (1829-1900) |publisher=City of Green Bay |accessdate=2011-11-30 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120103033539/http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/mayors_past/mayor_abrams_wj.html |archivedate=2012-01-03 |df= }}
72. ^{{cite book|last=Martin|first=Deborah Beaumont|title=History of Brown County, Wisconsin: Past and Present, Volume 1|date=1913|publisher=S.J. Clarke publishing Company|page=270|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hz8VAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA270&dq=David+Agry+green+bay+wi&hl=en&sa=X&ei=AqAPU87MI6HT2wX31YDIDQ&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=David%20Agry%20green%20bay%20wi&f=false}}
73. ^'Wisconsin Blue Book 1960, Biographical Sketch of A.A. Deering, pg. 32
74. ^{{cite web|url=http://bellinbuilding.com/history_2.html|title=Welcome to the Historic Bellin Building|website=Bellinbuilding.com|accessdate=2017-09-09}}
75. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ci.green-bay.wi.us/GBSisterCities/history.html|title=Greater Green Bay International Sister Cities Initiative|website=Ci.green-bay.wi.us|accessdate=2017-09-09}}

History

From the trading post La Baie des Puants to the town La Baie verte

The British take-over

After Independence

Geography

Climate

Demographics

2010 census

2000 census

Government

Mayors

Law enforcement

Infrastructure

Transportation

Railroads

Airport

Highways

Local transit

Water

Utilities

Electricity

Water

Health care

Education

Higher education

Public libraries

Religion

Sports

Arts and culture

Media and internet

Economy

Industry

Largest employers

Points of interest

Shopping

East Town Mall

Green Bay Plaza

Politics

Military

Religion

Sports

Literature, music, arts

Inventors, business leaders

Gallery

Notable buildings

Sister cities

Notes

References

External links