| 词条 | Arizona State Museum |
| 释义 |
| name = Arizona State Museum | image = | caption = Arizona State Museum North building | location = Tucson, Arizona, USA | opened_date = 1893 | owner = The University of Arizona | building_type = Museum }} The Arizona State Museum (ASM), founded in 1893, was originally a repository for the collection and protection of archaeological resources. Today, however, ASM stores artifacts, exhibits them and provides education and research opportunities. It was formed by authority of the Arizona Territorial Legislature. The museum is operated by the University of Arizona, and is located on the university campus in Tucson.[1] HistoryNative peoples have existed in the North American continent for more than ten millennia. ASM investigates habitations, lifeways, art and communication in which these peoples in the Southwest engaged.[2]Museum staff investigate archaeological sites of past occupiers of North America to discover how people lived, what they ate, what they wore and how they created their art. These people lived day-to-day, created homesites and villages that, in many cases, have crumbled or been destroyed by natural forces.[3][4][5][6] An early and significant director of the museum, Emil W. Haury, conducted numerous archaeological excavations in the Southwest and taught students and others about his methods and discoveries.[7] CollectionsASM holds artifacts created by cultures from the past as well as those presently active. The types of artifacts include pottery, jewelry, baskets, textiles and clothing. Archaeological objects were unearthed during excavations by museum staff and others. Ethnological items (those not acquired from excavation) have been donated by Native American tribes, acquired from individuals, as well as purchased by ASM. Furthermore, the Arizona State Museum possesses a vast photographic collection, containing more than 350,000 prints, negatives, and transparencies illustrating the prehistory and ethnology of the American Southwest and northern Mexico (ASM Photographic Collection).. This number of photographic materials does not include the growing digital collection that the museum continues to develop. Noteworthy photographers in this collection includes Forman Hanna, Emil Haury, Helga Teiwes, and Greenville Goodwin. ExhibitsASM continuously exhibits some of the objects it holds. These may be, for example, an exhibit of pottery made recently{{When|date=February 2011}} and in the past, masks made by Mexican artisans, textiles woven by Native American masters, and many more. [8]ProgramsASM offers a full calendar of public programs, such as the Southwest Indian Art Fair, held annually. Other events include family-oriented activities, lectures on subjects related to ASM’s activities, and many more categories. [9]Other activitiesStudents of archaeology, anthropology, art, design and other areas of investigation work with ASM personnel to become better acquainted with materials, techniques and objects from ASM’s collections. Some students participate in archaeological excavations conducted by the museum. The Office of Ethnohistorical Research (OER) conducts research on the peoples of the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, offering access to Spanish and Mexican documents and scholarly publications. It also provides a number of resources for those wishing to conduct research on the area. The OER Library holds over 8,000 sources of information, including secondary works, reference materials, indexes to major archival collections, maps, ephemera, and guides to paleography and translation. Additionally, OER also maintains the Documentary Relations of the Southwest (DRSW), an online index of over 17,000 documents generated during the Spanish colonial period. The documents cover a broad range of civil, religious, military, and ecological issues that examine the relationships between Native Americans, Spanish colonists, Catholic missionaries, and the Spanish colonial administration.[10] AZSite maintains and updates a database of cultural sites and surveys that may be accessed by those involved in related activities. This allows investigators to locate information without having to physically visit widely separated and, perhaps, little-known sites. There are hundreds of these sites in Arizona. [11]The Arizona State Museum’s Library is a reference library containing 70,000 volumes. Those interested in reading and/or studying the monographs, reports of excavations and dissertations may visit it. The library has an extensive collection of periodic journals and magazines dealing with archaeology, excavations and museums. [12]Each type of artifact held by ASM must be contained in an area that is protected from the damaging effects of humidity, heat and insects. ASM is home to the world’s largest collection of Southwest Indian pottery housed in a state-of-the-art vault so as to protect its 20,000 vessels from the damage suffered in the past. [13][14]Arizona State Museum administers the Arizona Antiquities Act and state laws concerning the discovery of human remains. In fulfillment of these responsibilities, ASM issues permits for archaeological work on state lands (lands owned or controlled by Arizona or any agent of Arizona), negotiates the disposition of archaeological human remains, maintains an archaeological site file, and provides repository services for the curation of archaeological collections ,[15] ,[16] [17]The museum is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution.[18] Relationships with TribesASM has ongoing relations and communications with tribal members across the Southwest. This involves staff visits to tribal communities, visits to ASM by tribal members to evaluate objects, and cooperation with ASM staff during excavations. ASM also administers federal law dealing with return of human remains, sacred objects, funerary objects and objects of cultural patrimony. [19][20]Local impactRevitalization of downtown Tucson has resulted in an extensive plan to recreate certain of the structures which were, at one time, a prominent part of the life of peoples living then around the area. In addition, ASM and several major institutions will be part of the newly constructed area known as "Rio Nuevo". [21][22]AdministrationThe museum has had seven directors since its founding:
References1. ^Legislative Authority 2. ^Arizona State Museum "About" page 3. ^Homolovi Ruins State Park 4. ^Sierra Ancha Cliff Dwellings 5. ^San Pedro River {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080609202352/http://www.cdarc.org/pages/heritage/classic2.php |date=June 9, 2008 }} 6. ^Marana Mound 7. ^Haury biography 8. ^Current Exhibitions at Arizona State Museum 9. ^Events and Programs 10. ^Office of Ethnohistorical Research 11. ^Database of Archaeological Sites in Arizona {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070803210543/http://www.azsite.arizona.edu/grants/fdgc97.htm |date=August 3, 2007 }} 12. ^ASM Library 13. ^New Pottery Vault 14. ^Indian Country Newspaper and Pottery Project {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071011174315/http://www.indiancountry.com/content.cfm?id=1096415776 |date=October 11, 2007 }} 15. ^Archaeological Permits 16. ^Statutory Authority to Issue Permits 17. ^Duty to Report Discoveries 18. ^{{cite web | author=Rebecca Missel | year=2011 | title=Arizona State Museum named Smithsonian affiliate | work=| publisher=The Arizona Daily | url=http://wc.arizona.edu/papers/94/63/01_1_m.html | accessdate=15 Jul 2011}} 19. ^Repatriation of Native American Artifacts 20. ^Native Nations Advisory Board 21. ^Rio Nuevo Program {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080309033437/http://www.tucsonaz.gov/rionuevo/start.html |date=March 9, 2008 }} 22. ^Arizona State Museum in Rio Nuevo {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080324185342/http://www.fdc.arizona.edu/project/project.cfm?Project=04-8544 |date=March 24, 2008 }} External links{{Commonscat}}
8 : Museums established in 1893|Museums in Tucson, Arizona|University museums in Arizona|Native American museums in Arizona|Anthropology museums in the United States|Smithsonian Institution affiliates|Institutions accredited by the American Alliance of Museums|1893 establishments in Arizona Territory |
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