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词条 Armenian printing
释义

  1. History

      20th century  

  2. Armenian printing houses worldwide

  3. See also

  4. References

  5. External links

After the introduction of movable printing type to Europe by Johannes Gutenberg in Germany (circa 1439), Armenians from throughout the diaspora began to publish Armenian-language books. The first book which had Armenian letters was published in Mainz (Germany) in 1486. The first Armenian book to be published by the printing press was Urbatagirq—Book of Friday prayers—which was published by Hakob Meghapart in Venice in 1512.

History

In the 16th century there were published 31 books, in 17th century – 164 and in 18th there were 824 Armenian books printed.

  • The first Armenian book was published by Hakob Meghapart in 1512 in Venice (Italy). The book was called «Ուրբաթագիրք» ("Urpatakirk", "Friday Book").[1][2]
  • Abgar Dpir Tokhatetsi published an Armenian book in Constantinople (Ottoman Empire) in 1568.
  • The first Armenian printing house in Persia was established in New Julfa (Isfahan, Iran) in 1636. The first book to be published in this printing house was «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter"); it was published in 1638 by Khachatur Kesaratsi,[2] while the first Persian book in Persia was published 192 years later in 1830.
  • The first Armenian printing house in Armenia was established in Vagharshapat in 1771 and the first book was called «Զբօսարան Հոգեւոր» ("Zbosaran Hogevor", "Spiritual walking"); it was published in 1772 by Simeon I of Yerevan.[3]
    • The first Armenian printing house in Yerevan was established in 1876 by Z. Hakobyan. In 1880 E. Ter-Grigoryan became director of the printing house and worked there until the 1910s. The first book printed in the printing house was E. Ter-Grigoryan's "Trchnik" ("Small Bird") collection.
  • The first Armenian printing house in Russia was set up in Saint Petersburg in 1781. Grigor Khaldariants' had type sent from London, and under the sponsorship of the Primate of Armenians in Russia, Bishop Hovsep' Arghutian, he edited the first Armenian book to be published in the Tsarist realm, «Տետրակ այբբենական» ("Tetrak aybbenakan", "ABC Reader") in 1781. He then printed works such as «Բանալի գիտութեան» ("Banali Gitut'ean", "The Key to Science"), «Շաւիղ լեզվագիտութեան» ("Shavigh Lezvagitut'ean", "Linguistic Guide"), and «Ընդհանրական»("Endhanrakan", "Encyclical Letter") by Nersés Shnorhali.[4]

20th century

After the sovietization of Armenia, Yerevan becoming the center of the Armenian printing, where in 1921 organized by the State Publishing House. It assumes the functions of editing and organization publications. Makes its political, artistic, scientific, publications for children with relatively large circulations. Separated from the State Publishing House publishing house “Luys” (Light), specialized mainly in the publication of textbooks. In 1964 from publishing Armenian State Publishing House (HayPetHrap) was renamed “Hayastan” (Armenia). In 1976 have been separated from the last publishing “Sovetakan Grogh” (Soviet writer), which it published in the most artistic and literary works. Academy of Science of Armenian SSR published a monograph of scientific and other research literature, and publish works of Armenian classical and scientific texts from the Matenadaran as well. Publishing house of Yerevan State University publishes textbooks, collections and scientific monographs since 1922. From this period also involved in publishing the National Library, “Gitelik” (knowledge) and several others. In 1980 have acted in Yerevan on 20 printers. From 1922 until the end of 1970 in Armenia were published about 45 thousand titles of books. In the last years of Soviet power in Armenia each year were printed about 1,100 titles. During this period, books and periodicals published in the Armenian language as in other republics of the USSR.

Since 1920 (the sovietization of Armenia) to the 1980s main centers of the Armenian printing press in the diaspora were Istanbul, Cairo and Beirut (the latter now is its main center). At this moment the Armenian Diaspora was published about 21 thousand titles. Total number of items of Armenian newspapers in 1512 and 1980, more than 80 thousand.

Armenian printing houses worldwide

The following table is a list of the Armenian printing houses from 1512 to 1800.[5]

Year Place Book Publisher Year
1512Republic of Venice}} Venice «Ուրբաթագիրք» ("Urbathagirq", "Friday Book")[6] Hakob Meghapart 1512
1513Republic of Venice}} Venice «Պարզատումար» ("Parzatumar")[7] Hakob Meghapart 1512
1513Republic of Venice}} Venice «Պատարագագիրք» ("Pataragagirq") Hakob Meghapart 1513
1513Republic of Venice}} Venice «Աղթարք» ("Aghtarq") Hakob Meghapart 1513
1513Republic of Venice}} Venice «Տաղարան» ("Tagharan")[8] Hakob Meghapart 1513
1565Republic of Venice}} Venice «Խառնափնթուր տումարի գեղեցիկ եւ պիտանի» ("Kharnapntur tumari geghetsik yev pitani") Abgar Dpir Tokhatetsi 1565
1567Ottoman Empire|1453}} Constantinople «Փոքր քերականութիւն» ("Poqr qerakanutyun", "Brief Armenian Grammar") Abgar Dpir Tokhatetsi 1567
1584Papal States|old}} Rome «Տոմար Գրիգորեան» ("Tomar Grigorian", "Gregorian Calendar') Dominico Basa 1584
1616 Lviv «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter") Yovhannes Karamatanents 1616
1621Spain|1506}} Milan "Dictionarium Armeno-Latinum" (Armenian-Latin Dictionary) Collegium Ambrosianum 1621
1633Kingdom of France}} Paris «Բառգիրք Հայոց» ("Bargirq Hayots", "Dictionarium Armeno-Latinum") Antonius Vitray 1633
1638 New Julfa «Սաղմոս ի Դավիթ» ("Saghmosaran", Psalter) Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral 1638
1641 New Julfa «Հարանց Վարք» ("Harants Varq") Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral 1641
1641 New Julfa «Խորհրդատետր» ("Khorhrdatetr", Missal) Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral 1641
1642 New Julfa «Ժամագիրք Ատենի» ("Zhamagirq Ateni") Khachatur Kesaratsi of the Vank Cathedral 1642
1644 Livorno «Գիրք եւ Սաղմոսք Դաւթի որ եւ Սաղմոսարան կոչի» ("Girq yev Saghmosq Davti vor yev Saghmosaran kochi", "Psalter") Yovhannes Jughayetsi 1644
1647 New Julfa «Գիրք տումարաց որ եւ պարզատումար կոչի» ("Girq tumarats vor yev parzatumar kochi") Yovhannes Jughayetsi 1647
1660Dutch Republic}} Amsterdam "Visus Ordi" (Jesus the Son) Matteos Caretsi and Avetis Ghlitshents 1660–1661
1672Kingdom of France}} Marseille «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter") Oskan Yerevantsi 1672
1676Ottoman Empire|1453}} Smyrna «Մաշտոց» ("Mashtots", "Ritual") N/A 1676
1680Electorate of Saxony}} Leipzig "Obadias Armenus" ("Armeno-Latin") Justinus Brand 1680
1690Republic of Venice}} Padua «Դաշանց թուղթ» ("Dashnats tught", "Lettera dell amicitia") Timoteos Garnuk 1690
1736Kingdom of Great Britain}} London Movses Khorenatsi,
«Պատմություն» ("Patmutyun", "History") (Mosis Chorenensis, Historiae Armeniacae) Armenian and Latin
 William and George Whiston 1736
1771 Vagharshapat «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter") St. Gregory the Illuminator Press 1772
1776Habsburg Monarchy}} Trieste «Աղօթք Յուսկան» ("Aghot Yuskan", Prayer of our Holy Hierarch Yusik) Mkhitarist Press 1774
1781Russian Empire}} Saint Petersburg «Ժամագիրք» ("Zhamagirq", "Breviary") Grigor Khaldareants 1783
1786Russian Empire}} Nakhichevan-on-Don «Սաղմոսարան» ("Saghmosaran", "Psalter") Holy Cross Monastery Press 1790
1796Russian Empire}} Astrakhan «Հրովարտակ» ("Hrovartak", "Decree") Arghuteants press 1796
1796 Calcutta «Վիճաբանութիւն ար շահ Սլեմանն պարսից»
("Vitsabanuthyun ar sah Slemann parsits", "Dispute Before the Persian Sah Suleyman")
 Hovsep Stepanosyan 1797
1810 Bombay
1812Habsburg Monarchy}} Vienna
1820Russian Empire}} Moscow
1823Russian Empire}} Tiflis
1828Russian Empire}} Shusha
1833Ottoman Empire|1453}} Jerusalem
1848Ottoman Empire}} Bahçecik
1856Russian Empire}} Shamakhi
1857United States|1851}} New York City
1858Ottoman Empire}} Van
1859Russian Empire|1858}} Feodosiya, Crimea
1863Ottoman Empire}} Muş
1863United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland}} Manchester
1865Egypt|Ottoman}} Cairo
1871Ottoman Empire}} Sivas
1872Russian Empire|1858}} Baku
1874Russian Empire|1858}} Elisabethpol
1875Russian Empire|1858}} Rostov-on-Don
1876Russian Empire|1858}} Erivan
1877Russian Empire|1858}} Alexandrapol
1877Kingdom of Romania}} Focşani
1883Ottoman Empire}} Tokat
1884Bulgaria}} Varna
1888Egypt|1882}} Alexandria
1888Russian Empire}} Akhaltsikh
1889 Tabriz
1890Russian Empire}} Nor Bayazet
1891Switzerland}} Geneva
1891Bulgaria}} Rousse
1892Greece|old}} Athens
1894 Tehran
1899United States|1896}} Boston

See also

  • Global spread of the printing press
  • Global spread of book printing
  • Armenian literature

References

1. ^Hakob Meghapart project {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100715223726/http://www.nla.am/meghapart/English/1500.htm |date=July 15, 2010 }}
2. ^Hakob Meghapart project {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110531152852/http://www.nla.am/meghapart/English/1600.htm |date=May 31, 2011 }}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://ermeni.org/ermenice/vagharshapat_uni.htm |title=Archived copy |accessdate=2009-09-08 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100226022545/http://ermeni.org/ermenice/vagharshapat_uni.htm |archivedate=2010-02-26 |df= }}
4. ^HyeEtch - Arts & Culture: The Art of The Book, page 1
5. ^Albert Parsadanyan. Intelligence Warehouse-5. VMV-Print, Yerevan, 2007, p. 28
6. ^1 {{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11302/ |title = The Book of Fridays |work = World Digital Library |year = 1512 |accessdate = 2013-06-01 }}
7. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11303/ |title = Armenian Liturgical Calendar |work = World Digital Library |year = 1513 |accessdate = 2013-06-01 }}
8. ^{{cite web |url = http://www.wdl.org/en/item/11304/ |title = Song Book by Hakob Meghapart |work = World Digital Library |year = 1513 |accessdate = 2013-06-01 }}

External links

{{commons category|Armenian printing}}
  • Armenian Rare Books 1512-1800
  • HyeEtch: The Art of The Book: Printing and Engraving
{{Armenia topics}}

4 : Armenian literature|History of printing|History of Armenia by topic|Armenian culture
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