| 词条 | Arnhem (ship) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Arnhem or Aernem[1] ({{IPA-nl|ˈɑrnɛm}}) was a Dutch East Indiaman sailing vessel that was shipwrecked 12 February 1662 off Mauritius on the Saint Brandon Rocks. DescriptionThe Arnhem was built by the Dutch East India Company (Dutch: Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie or VOC) chamber of Amsterdam at their wharf in 1654.[2] It was named after the city of Arnhem in the Netherlands. The sailing ship was an East Indiaman or spiegelretourschip.[2] It had a capacity of 1,000 tons.[2] FateCaptained by Pieter Anthoniszoon, the Arnhem was one of seven VOC ships that left Batavia on 23 December 1661, homeward bound via the Cape of Good Hope. The other vessels were the Wapen van Holland, Prins Willem, Vogel Phoenix, Maarsseveen, Prinses Royal and Gekroonde Leeuw. On 11 February 1662, the fleet was scattered by a violent storm. The Wapen van Holland (920 tons), Gekroonde Leeuw (1,200 tons) and Prins Willem (1,200 tons) disappeared without trace. The following day Arnhem ran aground on the Saint Brandon Rocks (also known as Cargados Carajos), a group of atolls and reefs some 200 kilometres north-east of Mauritius.[3] Volkert Evertsz and other survivors of the wreck came ashore on an islet and are thought to have been the last humans to see live dodos.[4][5] They survived the three months until their rescue by hunting "goats, birds, tortoises and pigs".[6] 80 survivors of the Arnhem were rescued and brought to Mauritius by the English ship Truroe in May 1662.[6][7] Seven of the survivors chose not to return with the first rescue ship.[8] References1. ^Jack, Robert. Northmost Australia: Three Centuries of Exploration, Discovery, and Adventure in and around the Cape York Peninsula, Queensland, with a Study of the Narratives of All the Explorers by Sea and Land in the Light of Modern Charting, Many Original or Hitherto Unpublished Documents, Thirty-Nine Illustrations, and Sixteen Specially Prepared Maps, {{nowrap|Vol. 1}}. 1921 2. ^1 2 {{nl icon}} Arnhem, 1654, De VOCsite. Retrieved 4 August 2015. 3. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.wrecksite.eu/wreck.aspx?139346 | title=Arnhem (+1662) | publisher=Wrecksite | accessdate=July 1, 2011}} 4. ^{{cite journal| pmid=14628039 | doi=10.1038/426245a | volume=426 | title=Flightless birds: when did the dodo become extinct? | date=November 2003 | journal=Nature | page=245 | author=Roberts DL, Solow AR}} 5. ^{{cite book|author1=Anthony Cheke|author2=Julian P. Hume|title=Lost Land of the Dodo: The Ecological History of Mauritius, Réunion and Rodrigues|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8xXSBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA78|date=30 June 2010|publisher=Bloomsbury Publishing|isbn=978-1-4081-3305-7|pages=78–}} 6. ^1 {{cite book|author=Jolyon C. Parish|title=The Dodo and the Solitaire: A Natural History|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=bp8wK8zCg7wC&pg=PA45|year=2013|publisher=Indiana University Press|isbn=0-253-00099-8|pages=45–}} 7. ^{{cite book|title=Rijks geschiedkundige publicatiën: Grote serie|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=YxQOKQ_ZaU8C|year=1979|publisher=Martinus Nijhoff|isbn=978-90-247-2282-2}} 8. ^{{cite book|author=Megan Vaughan|title=Creating the Creole Island: Slavery in Eighteenth-Century Mauritius|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=kNK6nFrRwTMC&pg=PA11|date=1 February 2005|publisher=Duke University Press|isbn=0-8223-3399-6|pages=11–}} 4 : 1620s ships|Maritime exploration of Australia|Ships of the Dutch East India Company|Shipwrecks in the Indian Ocean |
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