| 词条 | Arthur Dehon Little |
| 释义 |
|name = Arthur Dehon Little |image = |image_size = |caption = |birth_date={{birth date|1863|12|15|mf=y}} |birth_place = Boston, Massachusetts, US |death_date={{death date and age|1935|8|1|1863|12|15|mf=y}}[1] |death_place=Northeast Harbor, Maine, US |occupation= Chemist, Chemical Engineer, Management consultant |alma_mater=MIT |spouse = Henrietta Rogers Anthony |relatives = Royal Little (nephew) |awards = Perkin Medal }}Arthur Dehon Little (December 15, 1863 – August 1, 1935) was an American chemist and chemical engineer. He founded the consulting company Arthur D. Little and was instrumental in developing chemical engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). He is credited with introducing the term unit operations to chemical engineering[2] and promoting the concept of industrial research.[3][4] LifeLittle was born in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1863 and studied chemistry at MIT from 1881 to 1884.[5][6][7] In 1901 he married Henrietta Rogers Anthony.[8] He died August 1, 1935 in Northeast Harbor, Maine.[8] He was the uncle of Royal Little[8] (1896–1989), founder and chair of Textron, and considered to be the Father of Conglomerates. CareerIn 1886, he joined Richmond Paper Company in East Providence, Rhode Island as a chemist, later becoming superintendent of a paper mill,[8] and effectively recognised that the chemical engineering design was wrong: by correcting this, he came to his first patent.[5] Further research and patents followed, mainly related to paper processing technology. Little left and formed his own company. He was joined by a colleague from Richmond Paper, Roger Griffin forming a new company in 1886, Little & Griffin, which was located in Boston where MIT was also located. Griffin and Little prepared a manuscript for The Chemistry of Paper-making which was for many years an authoritative text in the area. The book had not been entirely finished when Griffin was killed in a laboratory accident in 1893.[6][8] After this tragedy, Little carried on in the business alone for a number of years. During these years he founded the Cellulose Products Company demonstrating that cellulose acetate could be used in producing nonflammable wire insulation and artificial silk. The company didn't do well financially, and when it was dissolved, Eastman Kodak purchased the company's patents for the first nonflammable motion picture film and the Lustron Company bought the artificial silk patents becoming the only American manufacturer of acetate silk.[6] He collaborated with MIT and William Hultz Walker of the MIT Chemistry department, forming a partnership, Little & Walker, which lasted from 1900 to 1905, while both MIT and Little's company were still located in Boston.[6] The partnership dissolved in 1905 when Walker dedicated his full-time to being in charge of the new Research Laboratory of Applied Chemistry at MIT.[6] Little continued on his own and formally incorporated the company, Arthur D. Little (ADL), in 1909.[6] He conducted analytical studies, the precursor of the consulting studies for which the firm would later become famous. As chairman of the Visiting Committee of the Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering at MIT he was responsible for the introduction of the Chemical Engineering Practice School.[5] He also taught papermaking at MIT from 1893 to 1916.[7] HonorsLittle was President of the American Chemical Society for 1912–1914, and President of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers for 1919, and President of the Society of Chemical Industry 1928–29.[5][8] In 1931, he was awarded the Perkin Medal.[8] Selected works
References1. ^{{Cite journal|jstor = 20023256|title = Arthur Dehon Little (1863–1935)|journal = Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences|volume = 71|issue = 10|pages = 513–519|last1 = Keyes|first1 = Frederick G|year = 1937}} 2. ^{{cite journal|last1=Servos|first1=John W.|title=The Industrial Relations of Science: Chemical Engineering at MIT, 1900–1939|journal=Isis|date=December 1980|volume=71|issue=4|pages=530–549|doi=10.1086/352591|jstor=230499}} 3. ^{{cite book|last1=Servos|first1=John W.|title=Physical chemistry from Ostwald to Pauling : the making of a science in America|date=1990|publisher=Princeton University Press|location=Princeton, N.J.|isbn=978-0-691-08566-1|pages=208, 363|edition=2nd|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1UZjU2WfLAoC&pg=PA208}} 4. ^{{cite web |title=Arthur D. Little, William H. Walker, and Warren K. Lewis |url=https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/arthur-d-little-william-h-walker-and-warren-k-lewis |website=Science History Institute|accessdate=20 March 2018}} 5. ^1 2 3 Keyes, Frederick George, (1937) Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Vol. 71, No. 10, pp. 513–519 "Arthur Dehon Little (1863–1935)" 6. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{citation | url=http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/adlittle/history.html | title=Scatter Acorns That Oaks May Grow: An Arthur D. Little Exhibit | date=2009-08-25 | publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Institute Archives and Special Collections}} 7. ^1 {{citation | url=http://libraries.mit.edu/archives/exhibits/purse/ | title=Report: "On the Making of Silk Purses from Sows' Ears," 1921 | date=2009-08-25 | publisher=Massachusetts Institute of Technology, The Institute Archives and Special Collections}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 {{cite web|last1=Sullivan|first1=Joseph|first2=Brian |last2=McGuire |first3= Susie H. |last3=Moody|first4= Michael W. |last4=Giese |title=Arthur D. Little Papers A Finding Aid to the Collection in the Library of Congress Manuscript Division, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., 2004, Revised 2010 April|url=http://rs5.loc.gov/service/mss/eadxmlmss/eadpdfmss/2004/ms004010.pdf|website=Library of Congress|accessdate=30 November 2016}} 9. ^van Klooster, H.S. (Henry Sjoerd), "Book review: The Handwriting on the Wall by Arthur D. Little", The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 144, No. 1, p.157 (1929) See alsoArthur D. LittleExternal links
9 : 1863 births|1935 deaths|American chemists|American chemical engineers|American inventors|People from Boston|People from Northeast Harbor, Maine|Engineers from Massachusetts|Engineers from Maine |
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