词条 | Artistic reactions to the 1981 Irish hunger strike |
释义 |
Between 1 March 1976 and 3 October 1981, Irish republican prisoners in HM Prison Maze carried out a variety of protests against the withdrawal of Special Category Status for prisoners convicted of proscribed "terrorism" offences. These protests culminated in the 1981 Irish hunger strike in which ten prisoners died. This article lists the various artistic responses to these protests, made at the time and subsequently by artists supportive or opposing the protestors, and by artists who were uninvolved in the conflict. Street Art{{see also|Murals in Northern Ireland}}Following the hunger strike, nationalist murals depicting those considered martyrs of the hungerstrike, such as Bobby Sands began to appear,[1] relying on images and iconography developed by prisoners who hand crafted works of art and decorated their cells with murals and painting.[2] Over one hundred murals were painted in 1981 by Catholic youth, with the lark in barbed wire as the most common secular symbolic image, due largely to Sands's use of the lark in his writings and as a pseudonym.[4] Other popular images included the H representing H-block, crosses and flags, with secular images predominating, many with mottos and poems, and many murals were copies of photographs, such as the firing squad at Bobby Sands funeral service.[3]
Poetry
Fiction
TheatreBobby Sands, M.P. is a play written by Judy GeBauer.[24]Films
SongsA number of songs were written in response to the hunger strike by artists and groups such as Christy Moore[33] and the Wolfe Tones,[28] including some songs based on the poetry Sands wrote,[29] Some of the songs are memorials to specific participants in the strike, such as The Boy from Tamlaghduff, written by Christy Moore in 1983 in memory of Francis Hughes.[30] A few songs were written by Sands such as McIlhatton, a song about a moonshiner, and Back Home in Derry, a ballad about deportees.[31] The British government has at times banned some of these song, such as The Time has Come[32] and Joe McDonnell.[33] In 2006, a proposed bill which would outlaw promotion or glorification of terrorist or violent acts raised concerns that performance of Irish songs such as The H-Block Song, which had become an anthem of the Irish Republicans following the hunger strike,[40][41] could lead to imprisonment.[34] Many Irish rebel songs focus on a person or persons viewed as a martyr, with themes of endurance, daring, loyalty, and the artistic, moral and intellectual qualities of the subjects. The notion of endurance has been associated with the belief that sufferers, rather than those at whose hand they suffer, will ultimately triumph in seen in the songs about the ten hunger strikers.[35] In Bobby Sands, MP, Sands is portrayed as an artist and poet.[35] The theme of sacrifice also plays a role, such as the hunger striker asking his family to let him go in The Time has Come,[35] written by Christy Moore and Donal Lunny about the final meeting between Patsy O'Hara and his mother.[32]
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=0-415-22396-2 | url =https://books.google.com/books?id=02kVSmK8EwMC&lpg=PA190}} 36. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=210 |title=Christy Moore |accessdate=2010-12-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162909/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=210 |archivedate=2011-07-16 }} 37. ^{{cite news|title=Francis Hughes remembered: Don't mourn, organise, says McGuinness |newspaper=An Phoblacht |date=2003-05-15 |url=http://www.anphoblacht.com/news/detail/22737}} 38. ^{{cite news|newspaper=Belfast News Letter (Northern Ireland)|date=2004-07-08|title=The time has come to focus on the life of Francis Hughes|page=18|first=Suzanne|last=Breen}} 'He fought them every day he lived and he fought when he died,' Christy Moore sings in The Boy From Tamlaghtduff." 39. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=74 |title=Christy Moore |accessdate=2010-12-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20101125153319/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=74 |archivedate=2010-11-25 }} 40. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Boston Herald|date=2009-03-17|title=Rebel yells: BC professor teaches Ireland's tumultuous history through its music|first=Tenley|last=Woodman|page=31}} 41. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=88 |title=Christy Moore |accessdate=2010-12-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162905/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=88 |archivedate=2011-07-16 }} 42. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=232 |title=Christy Moore |accessdate=2010-12-01 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716162924/http://www.christymoore.com/lyrics_detail.php?id=232 |archivedate=2011-07-16 }} 43. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Guardian|date=2009-03-18|title=1000 Songs Everyone Must Hear: Part 5: Protest and politics: Dick Gaughan to REM|author1=Luke Bainbridge |author2=Chris Cotttingham |author3=Will Dean |author4=Kitty Empire |author5=Gareth Grundy |author6=John Harris |author7=Martin Horsfield |author8=Tom Hughes |author9=Colin Irwin |author10=Caspar Llewellyn Smith |author11=Sean O'Hagan |author12=Paul MacInnes |page=10|display-authors=etal}} 44. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.triskelle.eu/lyrics/rollofhonour.php?index=080.010.060.050|title=Triskelle - Rebel Song Lyrics: Roll of Honour|accessdate=2010-11-27}} 45. ^1 {{cite news|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=2000-07-26|title=Alma mater of Adams, Sands and Wright: Now almost empty, what's next for the North's largest prison?|first=Roisin|last=Ingle|page=9}} 46. ^1 {{cite news|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|date=2005-11-30|title=Leading Sinn Féin man held over 1972 bomb|first=David |last=McKittrick |page=9}} 47. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Irish Times|date=2006-08-14|title=Adams tells rally to be proud of hunger strikers|first=Margaret |last=Canning|location=Belfast|page=7}} 48. ^{{cite news|title=Christy Moore: a retrospective on MP3|date=2008-05-23|first=Brad |last=Duncan |newspaper=Green Left |url=http://www.greenleft.org.au/node/39598}} 49. ^The Undertones: A Look Back - May 1, 2001 - Ralph Heibutzki | Unofficial website of The Undertones|TheUndertones.net| {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20071114182355/http://theundertones.net/ar_3.htm |date=November 14, 2007 }} 50. ^{{cite news|newspaper=The Independent|location=London|date=2002-03-29|title=Pop: Songs in the key of real life|last=Martin|first=Gavin|page=15}} 51. ^1 2 {{cite news|title=A Hunger for Justice |first=Denis |last=O'Hearn |date=2006-05-06|newspaper=The Nation|url=http://www.thenation.com/article/hunger-justice}} 52. ^1 {{cite journal| title= "Pack Up Your Troubles": Politics & Popular Music in Pre- & Post-Ceasefire Ulster |first=Sean |last=Campbell|journal=Popular Musicology Online|issn=1357-0951|year=2007|url=http://www.popular-musicology-online.com/issues/04/campbell-01.html}} 53. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.ericbogle.net/lyrics/lyricspdf/thesign.pdf|title=Lyrics - The Sign|accessdate=2010-12-01}} 54. ^1 {{cite news|newspaper=The Stage News |title=Moore anger at being held under terrorism act|date=2004-10-26|first=Anthony |last=Garvey |url=http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/newsstory.php/4821}} 55. ^1 {{cite news|newspaper=Mid-Ulster Mail |title=Kelly addresses Republican commemoration |date=2008-08-06|url=http://www.midulstermail.co.uk/news/Kelly-addresses-Republican-commemoration.4364438.jp}} 56. ^{{cite web|title=McElwee's Farewell Farewell To Bellaghy |url=http://www.triskelle.eu/lyrics/mcelweesfarewell.php?index=080.010.020.060|accessdate=2010-11-27}} 57. ^{{cite book|title=The great indie discography |first=Martin Charles |last=Strong |year=1999 |isbn=1-84195-335-0 |publisher=WS Bookwell |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=HJfGtREyuSAC&lpg=RA12-PT186&dq=Crucifucks'%20song%20%22The%20Story%20of%20Thomas%20McElwee%22.&pg=RA12-PT186#v=onepage&q=Crucifucks'%20song%20%22The%20Story%20of%20Thomas%20McElwee%22.&f=false}} 58. ^{{cite web|url={{Allmusic|class=album|id=ld-eye-r252958|pure_url=yes}}|title=L.D.Eye - Crucifucks|accessdate=2010-11-27}} 3 : The Troubles in County Armagh|Works about The Troubles (Northern Ireland)|1981 Irish hunger strike |
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