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词条 Assassination of Indira Gandhi
释义

  1. Post Operation Blue Star

  2. Assassination

  3. Death

  4. Aftermath

  5. See also

  6. References

  7. External links

{{Use Indian English|date=August 2015}}{{Use dmy dates|date=September 2016}}

Indian Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was assassinated at 9:30 a.m. on 31 October 1984 at her residence in Safdarjung Road, New Delhi.[1][1] She was killed by her bodyguards[2] Satwant Singh and Beant Singh in the aftermath of Operation Blue Star, the Indian Army's June 1984 assault on the Golden Temple in Amritsar which left the Sikh temple heavily damaged.[3]

Post Operation Blue Star

{{Main|Operation Blue Star}}

Operation Blue Star had a wide impact on politics in India as many Sikh youths joined the Khalistan movement. Indira Gandhi was unpopular among Sikhs due to her role in the operation, which had destroyed and damaged portions of the Akal Takht and caused massive casualties among Sikh pilgrims. Sikh sensibilities were also offended at the alleged entry of army personnel with boots into the temple complex and the alleged destruction of Sikh scriptures and manuscripts in the temple library that caught fire due to explosives used during the operation. Such claims and other rumours led to an atmosphere of mistrust towards the government and ended in a conspiracy to assassinate Gandhi. This occurred within four months of the conclusion of the operation.[5]

The perception of threat to Gandhi's life increased after the operation. Accordingly, Sikhs were removed from her personal bodyguard by the Intelligence Bureau due to the fear of assassination. However, Gandhi was of the opinion that this would reinforce her anti-Sikh image among the public and strengthen her political opponents. She ordered the Special Protection Group to reinstate her Sikh bodyguards, including Beant Singh who was reported to be her personal favorite.[4]

Assassination

At about 9:20 a.m. Indian Standard Time on 31 October 1984, Gandhi was on her way to be interviewed by British actor Peter Ustinov who was filming a documentary for Irish television. She was walking through the garden of the Prime Minister's Residence at No. 1 Safdarjung Road in New Delhi towards the neighboring 1 Akbar Road office.[5]

She passed a wicket gate guarded by Satwant Singh and Beant Singh, and the two men opened fire. Beant Singh fired three rounds into her abdomen from his .38 revolver,[8] then Satwant Singh fired 30 rounds from his Sten submachine gun after she had fallen to the ground.[8] Both men then threw down their weapons and Beant Singh said, "I have done what I had to do. You do what you want to do." In the next six minutes, Border Police officers Tarsem Singh Jamwal and Ram Saran captured and killed Beant Singh. Satwant Singh was arrested by Gandhi's other bodyguards along with an accomplice trying to escape; he was seriously wounded.[6] Satwant Singh was hanged in 1989 with accomplice Kehar Singh.[7]

Salma Sultan gave the first news of the assassination of Indira Gandhi on Doordarshan's evening news on 31 October 1984, more than ten hours after she was shot.[8][9] It is alleged{{by whom|date=October 2018}} that Gandhi's secretary R. K. Dhawan overruled intelligence and security officials who had ordered the removal of Sikh policemen as a security threat, including her assassins.[10]

Beant Singh was one of Gandhi's favorite guards whom she had known for ten years.[11] Satwant Singh was 22 years old when he assassinated her and had been assigned to Gandhi's guard just five months before the assassination.[11]

Death

Gandhi was taken to the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences in New Delhi at 9:30 a.m., where doctors operated on her. She was declared dead at 2:20 p.m. The postmortem examination was conducted by a team of doctors headed by Tirath Das Dogra, who stated that 30 bullets had struck Gandhi from a Sterling sub-machine gun and a revolver. The assailants had fired 33 bullets at her, of which 30 had hit; 23 had passed through her body, while seven remained inside. Dogra extracted bullets to establish the identity of the weapons and to correlate each weapon with the bullets recovered by ballistic examination. The bullets were matched with respective weapons at CFSL Delhi. Her body was taken in a gun carriage through Delhi roads on the morning of 1 November to Teen Murti Bhavan where her father stayed and where she lay in state.[5] She was cremated on 3 November near Raj Ghat, a memorial to Mahatma Gandhi, at an area named Shakti Sthal. Her elder son and successor Rajiv Gandhi lit the pyre.

Aftermath

Over the next four days, thousands of Sikhs were killed in retaliatory violence.[12]

The Justice Thakkar Commission (headed by Justice Manharlal Pranlal Thakkar) of Inquiry set up to probe Indira Gandhi's assassination recommended a separate probe for the conspiracy angle behind the assassination. The Thakkar Report stated that the "needle of suspicion" pointed at R. K. Dhawan for complicity in the conspiracy.[13]

Satwant Singh and alleged conspirator Kehar Singh were sentenced to death. Both were executed on 6 January 1989.

A Punjabi movie titled Kaum De Heere (translation: People's Diamonds) highlighting the role/lives of the two guards that assassinated Indira Gandhi was set to be released on 22 August 2014, but was banned by the Indian government.[14][15]

See also

  • Punjab insurgency

References

1. ^{{cite news |url=https://www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1119.html |title=Assassination in India: A Leader of Will and Force; Indira Gandhi, Born to Politics, Left Her Own Imprint on India |date=1 November 1984 |accessdate=23 January 2009 |work=The New York Times |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091015050948/http://nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1119.html |archive-date=15 October 2009 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
2. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/october/31/newsid_3961000/3961851.stm |title=1984: Assassination and revenge |accessdate=23 January 2009 |publisher=BBC News |date=31 October 1984 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090215211511/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/witness/october/31/newsid_3961000/3961851.stm |archivedate=15 February 2009 |deadurl=no}}
3. ^{{cite news |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/31/newsid_2464000/2464423.stm|accessdate=23 January 2009 |title=1984: Indian prime minister shot dead |publisher=BBC News |date=31 October 1984 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090117032809/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/october/31/newsid_2464000/2464423.stm |archivedate=17 January 2009 |deadurl=no}}
4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-operation-blue-star-india-s-first-tryst-with-militant-extremism-2270293|title=Operation Blue Star: India's first tryst with militant extremism - Latest News & Updates at Daily News & Analysis|date=5 November 2016|website=Dnaindia.com|accessdate=29 October 2017|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171103012225/http://www.dnaindia.com/india/report-operation-blue-star-india-s-first-tryst-with-militant-extremism-2270293|archive-date=3 November 2017|dead-url=no|df=dmy-all}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite web |title=25 years after Indira Gandhi's assassination |url=http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-and-indira-25-years-after-a-pms-assassination/104183-37.html |date=30 October 2009 |publisher=CNN-IBN |access-date=5 September 2011 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20111104180327/http://ibnlive.in.com/news/india-and-indira-25-years-after-a-pms-assassination/104183-37.html |archive-date=4 November 2011 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
6. ^{{cite news |title=Questions still surround Gandhi assassination |url=https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=w1seAAAAIBAJ&sjid=BMgEAAAAIBAJ&pg=1354,5824409&dq=assassination+of+indira+gandhi&hl=en |accessdate=19 January 2013 |newspaper=Times Daily |date=24 November 1984 |agency=AP |location=New Delhi}}
7. ^Dr. Sangat Kr. Singh, The Sikhs in History, p. 393
8. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-riots-that-could-not-be-televised/536471/ |title=The riots that could not be televised |publisher=Indianexpress.com |date=3 November 2009 |accessdate=31 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091205154910/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/the-riots-that-could-not-be-televised/536471/ |archive-date=5 December 2009 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
9. ^{{cite web |url=http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/We+the+eyeballs/1/1328.html |title=We the eyeballs : Cover Story – India Today |publisher=Indiatoday.intoday.in |date= |accessdate=31 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141215111034/http://indiatoday.intoday.in/story/We+the+eyeballs/1/1328.html |archive-date=15 December 2014 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
10. ^{{cite news | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/28/world/india-releases-stinging-report-on-gandhi-s-death.html | work=The New York Times | first=Sanjoy | last=Hazarika | title=India Releases Stinging Report on Gandhi's Death | date=28 March 1989 | access-date=5 February 2017 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171107062316/http://www.nytimes.com/1989/03/28/world/india-releases-stinging-report-on-gandhi-s-death.html | archive-date=7 November 2017 | dead-url=no | df=dmy-all }}
11. ^1 2 3 {{cite news |last=Smith |first=William E. |title=Indira Gandhi's assassination sparks a fearful round of sectarian violence |url=http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_111284a.html |accessdate=19 January 2013 |newspaper=Time |date=12 November 1984 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121103043002/http://www.sikhtimes.com/bios_111284a.html |archive-date=3 November 2012 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
12. ^{{cite news|title=Delhi to reopen inquiry in to massacre of Sikhs in 1984 riots|url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/india/10607451/Delhi-to-reopen-inquiry-in-to-massacre-of-Sikhs-in-1984-riots.html| first=Dean |last=Nelson |date=2014-01-30 |work=The Telegraph|accessdate=3 May 2016 |df=dmy-all}}
13. ^{{cite magazine |url=https://www.indiatoday.in/magazine/cover-story/story/19890415-thakkar-commission-report-leak-govt-try-to-accuse-arun-nehru-of-being-the-main-culprit-815980-1989-04-15 |title=Thakkar Commission report leak: Govt try to accuse Arun Nehru of being the main culprit |first=Prabhu |last=Chawla |date=April 15, 1989 |magazine=India Today |accessdate=2018-10-30 |df=dmy-all}}
14. ^{{cite news |author= |url=http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Centre-blocks-release-of-controversial-film-on-Indira-Gandhis-assassins-Kaum-de-Heere/articleshow/40606687.cms |title=Centre blocks release of controversial film on Indira Gandhi's assassins 'Kaum de Heere' |work=The Times of India |location=Mumbai |date=August 21, 2014 |agency=Times News Network |accessdate=31 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141121153206/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Centre-blocks-release-of-controversial-film-on-Indira-Gandhis-assassins-Kaum-de-Heere/articleshow/40606687.cms |archive-date=21 November 2014 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}
15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140821/latest-news.htm |title=Film on Indira Gandhi's assassins barred from release |work=The Tribune |location=Chandigarh, India |agency=Press Trust of India |date=August 21, 2014 |accessdate=31 March 2015 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160303233520/http://www.tribuneindia.com/2014/20140821/latest-news.htm |archive-date=3 March 2016 |dead-url=no |df=dmy-all }}

External links

  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20130227011011/http://www.delhiwonders.com/delhi-indira-gandhi-memorial Indira Gandhi Memorial] Indira Gandhi assassination books in Tamil in two volumes by Mrs. Z.Y. Himsagar and S. Padmavathi, M.A., M.L., Notion press.com, CHENNAI, 2016 edition, {{ISBN|9789352065967}} {{ISBN|9789352065974}}
  • Explore the Virtual Memorial of Indira Gandhi
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10 : Assassination of Indira Gandhi|1984 anti-Sikh riots|1984 crimes in India|20th century in Delhi|Crime in Delhi|History of Delhi (1947–present)|1980s murders in India|1984 murders in Asia|October 1984 events|Political crimes
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