| 词条 | Athena II |
| 释义 |
|name = Athena II |image = Athena 2 - Lunar Prospector.jpg |caption = Athena II at LC-46 with Lunar Prospector |manufacturer = Lockheed Martin Alliant Techsystems |function = Small expendable launch system |country-origin = United States |status = Retired |sites = Cape Canaveral LC-46 Vandenberg AFB SLC-6 |launches = 3 |success = 2 |fail = 1 |first = 7 January 1998 |last = 24 September 1999 |family = Athena |comparable = Falcon 1 Minotaur IV Taurus |height = {{convert|28.2|m}} |diameter = {{convert|2.36|m}} |mass = {{convert|120700|kg}} |stages = Four |capacities = |location = LEO |kilos = {{convert|2065|kg}} }} {{Infobox rocket/Payload|location = SSO |kilos = {{convert|1165|kg}} }} {{Infobox rocket/Payload|location = GTO |kilos = {{convert|593|kg}} |stagedata={{Infobox rocket/Stage |type = stage |stageno = First |name = Castor 120 |engines = 1 solid |thrust = {{convert|1900|kN}} |SI = 280 sec |burntime = 83 seconds |fuel = HTPB |type = stage |stageno = Second |name = Castor 120 |engines = 1 solid |thrust = {{convert|1900|kN}} |SI = 280 sec |burntime = 83 seconds |fuel = HTPB |type = stage |diff = Athena II |stageno = Third |name = Orbus 21D |engines = 1 solid |thrust = {{convert|189.2|kN}} |SI = 293 sec |burntime = 150 seconds |fuel = HTPB |type = stage |diff = Athena IIc |stageno = Third |name = Castor 30 |engines = 1 solid |thrust = {{convert|258.9|kN}}[1] |SI = 294 sec[2] |burntime = 143 seconds[2] |fuel = HTPB |type = stage |stageno = Fourth |name = OAM |engines = 4 MR-107 |thrust = {{convert|882|N}} |SI = 222 sec |burntime = 1,500 seconds |fuel = Hydrazine }} The Athena II is an American small expendable launch system which was used for three launches between 1998 and 1999,[3] and which was scheduled to return to service in 2012 but has not been flown again {{as of|2017|1|lc=yes}}. It is a member of the Athena family of rockets, along with the smaller Athena I. Future launches would use the Athena IIc configuration, which features a different third stage.[4] The Athena II is a four-stage rocket, consisting of solid first, second and third stages, and a monopropellant liquid-fuelled fourth stage. The first and second stages are Castor 120s, which are also used on some versions of the Taurus rocket. An Orbus 21D motor was used as the third stage on launches during the 1990s, however when it returns to service in 2012 the Castor 30, which is under development for the Taurus II,[1] will be used instead.[4] The fourth stage is an Orbital Adjustment Module, fuelled by hydrazine and propelled by four MR-107 engines, which is used for final insertion.[5][6] Prior to its retirement in 1999, Athena II launches were made from Launch Complex 46 at Spaceport Florida and Space Launch Complex 6 at Vandenberg Air Force Base. LC-46 will also be used for Athena IIc launches, with Launch Pad 0B of the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport and Pad 1 of the Kodiak Launch Complex also offered. If a launch from Vandenberg is ordered, Space Launch Complex 8 will be used instead of SLC-6, which was rebuilt as a Delta IV launch complex following the Athena's initial retirement.[7] During the 1990s, three Athena II launches were conducted, with one failure. Its maiden flight was conducted from LC-46 at Spaceport Florida, and lifted off at 02:28 GMT on 7 January 1997. The launch, which was the first to take place from Spaceport Florida, successfully placed the Lunar Prospector spacecraft into orbit for NASA. The next Athena II launch took place from SLC-6 at Vandenberg on 27 April 1999, with the Ikonos satellite for Space Imaging. The launch ended in failure after the payload fairing failed to separate, and as a result the rocket had too much mass to achieve orbital velocity.[8] The third launch also took place from SLC-6 at Vandenberg, on 24 September 1999. The payload, Ikonos 1, was also for Space Imaging, and successfully reached orbit.[3][9] See also
References1. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/TaurusII_Bro.pdf|title=Taurus II|publisher=Orbital Sciences Corporation|accessdate=27 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100326170415/http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/Publications/TaurusII_Bro.pdf| archivedate= 26 March 2010 | deadurl= no}} {{Expendable launch systems}}{{US launch systems}}2. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.spacelaunchreport.com/taurus2.html|title=Taurus II|last=Kyle|first=Ed|date=26 March 2010|publisher=Space Launch Report|accessdate=27 March 2010}} 3. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena.htm |title=Athena |last=Wade |first=Mark |publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica |accessdate=27 March 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100329150041/http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/athena.htm |archivedate=29 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^1 {{cite web|url=http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2010/march/LockheedMartinATKAnnounce.html|title=Lockheed Martin and ATK Announce 2nd Generation Athena Launch Vehicles |date=25 March 2010|publisher=Lockheed Martin|accessdate=14 April 2012}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/athena-llv.htm|title=Athena (LLV / LMLV)|last=Krebs|first=Gunter|publisher=Gunter's Space Page|accessdate=27 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100213074354/http://space.skyrocket.de/doc_lau/athena-llv.htm| archivedate= 13 February 2010 | deadurl= no}} 6. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.astronautix.com/stages/oam.htm|title=OAM|last=Wade|first=Mark|publisher=Encyclopedia Astronautica|accessdate=27 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100401041052/http://www.astronautix.com/stages/oam.htm| archivedate= 1 April 2010 | deadurl= no}} 7. ^{{cite web|url=http://lompocrecord.com/news/local/military/article_aa462caa-3897-11df-b796-001cc4c002e0.html|title=Firms team to revive Athena rocket|last=Scully|first=Janene|date=26 March 2010|publisher=Lompoc Record|accessdate=27 March 2010}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/1999/04/19403 |title=Lockheed: Ikonos Fell into Sea |date=29 April 1999 |publisher=Wired |accessdate=27 March 2010 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20121104145334/http://www.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/1999/04/19403 |archivedate=4 November 2012 |df= }} 9. ^{{cite web|url=http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt|title=Launch Log|last=McDowell|first=Jonathan|publisher=Jonathan's Space Page|accessdate=27 March 2010| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20100507025754/http://planet4589.org/space/log/launchlog.txt| archivedate= 7 May 2010 | deadurl= no}} 1 : Rockets and missiles |
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