| 词条 | Grächen |
| 释义 |
| subject_name = Grächen | image_photo = Grächen.jpg | municipality_name = Grächen | municipality_type = municipality | imagepath_coa = Graechen Wappen.jpg|pixel_coa= | map = | languages = German | canton = Valais | iso-code-region = CH-VS | district = Visp |coordinates = {{coord|46|10|N|7|49|E|display=inline,title}} |lat_NS=N|long_EW=E | postal_code = 3925 | municipality_code = 6285 | area = 14.29 | elevation = 1619|elevation_description= | population = 1367|populationof = December 2002 | popofyear = 2002 | website = www.gemeinde-graechen.ch | mayor = Jakob Walter |mayor_asof=|mayor_party= | mayor_title = |list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities= Eisten, Embd, Sankt Niklaus, Stalden, Törbel | twintowns = |}} Grächen is a municipality in the district of Visp in the canton of Valais in Switzerland. The village is situated at an altitude of {{convert|1620|m|ft|sp=us}} on a terrace above St. Niklaus in the Mattertal, north of the Mischabel range (and Dom). HistorySettlements in the area of Grächen probably date back to neolithic times. It certainly was a hunting ground for early Bronze Age alpine people(celts List of Celts). Around 750 (CE), the Alamanni started to settle in the upper (German-speaking) part of what is now the canton of Valais. Grächen is first mentioned in 1210 as de Grachan. In 1250 it was mentioned as de Granges.[1] Grächen developed into a community of farmers in servitude and paying tribute to various feudal lords, until they finally reached their independence as a community (from the Bishop of Sion) in the 19th century. Thomas Platter, a famous citizen of 16th century Grächen, published his autobiography describing a life from humble beginnings as a goatherd to a fulfilled existence as lord of a manor, master of herbal lore, publisher and school director. His son Felix Platter became a famous medical doctor and anatomist. GeographyGrächen has an area, {{as of|2011|lc=on}}, of {{convert|14.3|km2|mi2|sp=us}}. Of this area, 13.7% is used for agricultural purposes, while 53.7% is forested. Of the rest of the land, 5.1% is settled (buildings or roads) and 27.5% is unproductive land.[2] The municipality is located in the Visp district, on a terrace below the Ried Glacier. The glacier extends about {{convert|5|km|mi| abbr=on}} from Ried to Bärgji and is about {{convert|1|km|mi|abbr=on}}. The territory of the municipality encompasses the summits of the Seetalhorn and Distelhorn. Coat of armsThe blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Azure, issuant from base three Cliffs Or from which are rising as many Pine trees Vert trunked and rooted proper.[1] DemographicsGrächen has a population ({{as of|{{Swiss populations YM|CH-VS}}|lc=on}}) of {{Swiss populations|CH-VS|6285}}.{{Swiss populations ref|CH-VS}} {{as of|2008}}, 6.4% of the population are resident foreign nationals.[2] Over the last 10 years (2000–2010 ) the population has changed at a rate of -1.7%. It has changed at a rate of 1.6% due to migration and at a rate of 0.9% due to births and deaths.[3] Most of the population ({{as of|2000|lc=on}}) speaks German (1,229 or 98.0%) as their first language, Dutch is the second most common (11 or 0.9%) and French is the third (4 or 0.3%). There is 1 person who speaks Italian and 1 person who speaks Romansh.[6] {{as of|2008}}, the population was 48.4% male and 51.6% female. The population was made up of 603 Swiss men (44.2% of the population) and 58 (4.2%) non-Swiss men. There were 650 Swiss women (47.6%) and 54 (4.0%) non-Swiss women.[4] Of the population in the municipality, 888 or about 70.8% were born in Grächen and lived there in 2000. There were 214 or 17.1% who were born in the same canton, while 96 or 7.7% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 42 or 3.3% were born outside of Switzerland.[6]{{as of|2000}}, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 26.2% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 60.3% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 13.6%.[3]{{as of|2000}}, there were 521 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 624 married individuals, 69 widows or widowers and 40 individuals who are divorced.[5]{{as of|2000}}, there were 477 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.6 persons per household.[3] There were 118 households that consist of only one person and 43 households with five or more people. {{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, a total of 456 apartments (31.9% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 890 apartments (62.3%) were seasonally occupied and 83 apartments (5.8%) were empty.[6] {{as of|2009}}, the construction rate of new housing units was 35.2 new units per 1000 residents.[3] The vacancy rate for the municipality, {{as of|2010|alt=in 2010}}, was 1.17%.[3]The historical population is given in the following chart:[7][8] Colors= id:lightgrey value:gray(0.9) id:darkgrey value:gray(0.8) ImageSize = width:960 height:210 PlotArea = height:150 left:100 bottom:50 right:100 AlignBars = justify DateFormat = x.y Period = from:0 till:1300 TimeAxis = orientation:vertical AlignBars = justify ScaleMajor = gridcolor:darkgrey increment:300 start:0 ScaleMinor = gridcolor:lightgrey increment:60 start:0 PlotData= color:yellowgreen width:40 mark:(line,white) align:center bar:1850 from:start till:338 text:"338" bar:1860 from:start till:369 text:"369" bar:1870 from:start till:391 text:"391" bar:1880 from:start till:355 text:"355" bar:1888 from:start till:350 text:"350" bar:1900 from:start till:389 text:"389" bar:1910 from:start till:438 text:"438" bar:1920 from:start till:494 text:"494" bar:1930 from:start till:605 text:"605" bar:1941 from:start till:680 text:"680" bar:1950 from:start till:665 text:"665" bar:1960 from:start till:848 text:"848" bar:1970 from:start till:1063 text:"1,063" bar:1980 from:start till:1128 text:"1,128" bar:1990 from:start till:1169 text:"1,169" bar:2000 from:start till:1254 text:"1,254" PoliticsIn the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the CVP which received 75.92% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the SVP (13.04%), the SP (5.52%) and the FDP (4.26%). In the federal election, a total of 527 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 50.8%.[9] In the 2009 Conseil d'Etat/Staatsrat election a total of 591 votes were cast, of which 44 or about 7.4% were invalid. The voter participation was 57.8%, which is similar to the cantonal average of 54.67%.[10] In the 2007 Swiss Council of States election a total of 523 votes were cast, of which 32 or about 6.1% were invalid. The voter participation was 50.9%, which is much less than the cantonal average of 59.88%.[11] Economy{{as of|2010|In 2010}}, Grächen had an unemployment rate of 2.6%. {{as of|2008}}, there were 49 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 29 businesses involved in this sector. 61 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 12 businesses in this sector. 356 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 81 businesses in this sector.[3] There were 592 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 38.9% of the workforce.{{as of|2008|alt=In 2008}} the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 379. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 13, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 59 of which or (0.0%) were in manufacturing and 56 (94.9%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 307. In the tertiary sector; 69 or 22.5% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 51 or 16.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 124 or 40.4% were in a hotel or restaurant, 8 or 2.6% were the insurance or financial industry, 3 or 1.0% were technical professionals or scientists, 8 or 2.6% were in education and 8 or 2.6% were in health care.[12]{{as of|2000|alt=In 2000}}, there were 78 workers who commuted into the municipality and 222 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 2.8 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering.[13] Of the working population, 14.2% used public transportation to get to work, and 39% used a private car.[3]TourismIn the 20th century, Grächen changed from a farming community to a popular tourist destination. In 1937, 7000 visitors spent the night there, today, some 500,000 visitors do.{{citation needed|date=October 2011}} Grächen is situated on the Monte Rosa tour hiking trail and provides for a natural stop between Saas-Fee and Europahütte. It is also a base for many hiking and mountaineering trips. Grächen has a quite small ski area of {{convert|40|km|mi|abbr=on}}. In 2011, a plan to renovate and enlarge the ski area was launched. Grächen also attracts many people due to its closeness to Zermatt and to Saas-Fee, two major ski resorts. ReligionFrom the {{as of|2000|alt=2000 census}}, 1,166 or 93.0% were Roman Catholic, while 46 or 3.7% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 5 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.40% of the population), and there were 13 individuals (or about 1.04% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 4 (or about 0.32% of the population) who were Islamic. There were 2 individuals who were Buddhist. 11 (or about 0.88% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 13 individuals (or about 1.04% of the population) did not answer the question.[5] ClimateBetween 1961 and 1990 Grächen had an average of 84.1 days of rain or snow per year and on average received {{convert|523|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation. The wettest month was November during which time Grächen received an average of {{convert|55|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. During this month there was precipitation for an average of 6.9 days. The month with the most days of precipitation was August, with an average of 8.6, but with only {{convert|53|mm|in|abbr=on}} of rain or snow. The driest month of the year was January with an average of {{convert|32|mm|in|abbr=on}} of precipitation over 6.2 days.[14] {{Weather box|location = Grächen (1981-2010) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes | Jan high C = 2.8 | Feb high C = 3.5 | Mar high C = 6.6 | Apr high C = 9.8 | May high C = 14.7 | Jun high C = 18.5 | Jul high C = 21.1 | Aug high C = 20.4 | Sep high C = 16.7 | Oct high C = 12.5 | Nov high C = 6.2 | Dec high C = 3.0 | year high C = 11.3 | Jan mean C = -2.0 | Feb mean C = -1.7 | Mar mean C = 1.2 | Apr mean C = 4.4 | May mean C = 9.1 | Jun mean C = 12.5 | Jul mean C = 15.0 | Aug mean C = 14.5 | Sep mean C = 11.1 | Oct mean C = 7.1 | Nov mean C = 1.5 | Dec mean C = -1.2 | year mean C = 6.0 | Jan low C = -5.2 | Feb low C = -5.2 | Mar low C = -2.7 | Apr low C = 0.3 | May low C = 4.6 | Jun low C = 7.7 | Jul low C = 10.2 | Aug low C = 10.0 | Sep low C = 7.0 | Oct low C = 3.7 | Nov low C = -1.3 | Dec low C = -4.2 | year low C = 2.1 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 38 | Feb precipitation mm = 32 | Mar precipitation mm = 41 | Apr precipitation mm = 48 | May precipitation mm = 68 | Jun precipitation mm = 54 | Jul precipitation mm = 48 | Aug precipitation mm = 58 | Sep precipitation mm = 48 | Oct precipitation mm = 59 | Nov precipitation mm = 49 | Dec precipitation mm = 45 | year precipitation mm = 589 | Jan snow cm = 43.5 | Feb snow cm = 34.5 | Mar snow cm = 28.4 | Apr snow cm = 27.1 | May snow cm = 7.3 | Jun snow cm = 0.3 | Jul snow cm = 0 | Aug snow cm = 0 | Sep snow cm = 0.5 | Oct snow cm = 6.3 | Nov snow cm = 30.7 | Dec snow cm = 43.6 | year snow cm = 222.2 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 6.6 | Feb precipitation days = 6.2 | Mar precipitation days = 6.5 | Apr precipitation days = 6.6 | May precipitation days = 9.2 | Jun precipitation days = 8.4 | Jul precipitation days = 8.3 | Aug precipitation days = 8.8 | Sep precipitation days = 6.8 | Oct precipitation days = 7.0 | Nov precipitation days = 6.4 | Dec precipitation days = 7.2 | year precipitation days = 88.0 |unit snow days = 1.0 cm | Jan snow days = 6.8 | Feb snow days = 6.4 | Mar snow days = 5.1 | Apr snow days = 3.2 | May snow days = 0.9 | Jun snow days = 0 | Jul snow days = 0 | Aug snow days = 0 | Sep snow days = 0.1 | Oct snow days = 1.1 | Nov snow days = 4.4 | Dec snow days = 6.9 | year snow days = 34.9 | Jan humidity = 62 | Feb humidity = 62 | Mar humidity = 62 | Apr humidity = 63 | May humidity = 64 | Jun humidity = 63 | Jul humidity = 62 | Aug humidity = 65 | Sep humidity = 67 | Oct humidity = 66 | Nov humidity = 67 | Dec humidity = 65 | year humidity = 64 |source 1 = MeteoSwiss [15] |date=August 2010 }} EducationIn Grächen about 488 or (38.9%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 69 or (5.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 69 who completed tertiary schooling, 73.9% were Swiss men, 17.4% were Swiss women.[5] During the 2010-2011 school year there were a total of 104 students in the Grächen school system. The education system in the Canton of Valais allows young children to attend one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten.[16] During that school year, there was one kindergarten class (KG1 or KG2) and 18 kindergarten students. The canton's school system requires students to attend six years of primary school. In Grächen there were a total of 5 classes and 104 students in the primary school. The secondary school program consists of three lower, obligatory years of schooling (orientation classes), followed by three to five years of optional, advanced schools. All the lower and upper secondary students from Grächen attend their school in a neighboring municipality.[17] {{as of|2000}}, there were 43 students from Grächen who attended schools outside the municipality.[13]References1. ^Flags of the World.com accessed 3 October 2011 2. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Superweb database - Gemeinde Statistics 1981-2008 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100628151016/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/infothek/onlinedb/superweb/login.html |date=28 June 2010 }} {{de icon}} accessed 19 June 2010 3. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Swiss Federal Statistical Office {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160105172441/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/en/index/regionen/02/key.html |date=5 January 2016 }} accessed 3 October 2011 4. ^Ständige Wohnbevolkerung nach Geschlecht und Heimat am 31.12.2009.xls {{de icon}} {{fr icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 5. ^1 2 3 4 STAT-TAB Datenwürfel für Thema 40.3 - 2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140409212530/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.3%20-%202000/40.3%20-%202000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=3&openChild=true |date=9 April 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 2 February 2011 6. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB - Datenwürfel für Thema 09.2 - Gebäude und Wohnungen {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140907111534/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_09%20-%20Bau-%20und%20Wohnungswesen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen/09.2%20-%20Geb%C3%A4ude%20und%20Wohnungen.asp?lang=1&prod=09&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=7 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 7. ^1 {{HDS|2807|Grächen}} 8. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Bevölkerungsentwicklung nach Region, 1850-2000 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140930162751/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_40%20-%20Eidgen%C3%B6ssische%20Volksz%C3%A4hlung/40.4%20-%201850-2000/40.4%20-%201850-2000.asp?lang=1&prod=40&secprod=4&openChild=true |date=30 September 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 29 January 2011 9. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office, Nationalratswahlen 2007: Stärke der Parteien und Wahlbeteiligung, nach Gemeinden/Bezirk/Canton {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20150514211354/http://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/portal/de/index/themen/17/02/blank/data/04/03.html |date=14 May 2015 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 May 2010 10. ^Staatsratswahlen vom 1. März 2009 {{de icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 11. ^Ständeratswahl 2007 {{de icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 12. ^Swiss Federal Statistical Office STAT-TAB Betriebszählung: Arbeitsstätten nach Gemeinde und NOGA 2008 (Abschnitte), Sektoren 1-3 {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20141225013454/http://www.pxweb.bfs.admin.ch/Database/German_06%20-%20Industrie%20und%20Dienstleistungen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen/06.2%20-%20Unternehmen.asp?lang=1&prod=06&secprod=2&openChild=true |date=25 December 2014 }} {{de icon}} accessed 28 January 2011 13. ^1 [https://archive.is/20120804043150/http://www.media-stat.admin.ch/stat/pendler/pop.php Swiss Federal Statistical Office - Statweb] {{de icon}} accessed 24 June 2010 14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |title=Temperature and Precipitation Average Values-Table, 1961-1990 |accessdate=8 May 2009 |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology - MeteoSwiss |language=German, French, Italian |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20090627163841/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/de/klima/klima_schweiz/tabellen.html |archivedate=27 June 2009 |df=dmy-all }}, the Grächen weather station elevation is 1550 meters above sea level. 15. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html |title=Climate Norm Value Tables |work=Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) |accessdate=31 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514205349/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html |archivedate=14 May 2013 |df=dmy-all }} The weather station elevation is 1,550 meters above sea level. 16. ^{{Cite report |title=Kantonale Schulstrukturen in der Schweiz und im Fürstentum Liechtenstein / Structures Scolaires Cantonales en Suisse et Dans la Principauté du Liechtenstein |url= http://edudoc.ch/record/35128/files/Schulsystem_alle.pdf |author= EDK/CDIP/IDES |year= 2010 |accessdate= 24 June 2010 }} 17. ^Obligatorische Schulzeit {{de icon}} accessed 24 August 2011 External links{{Commons category}}
2 : Municipalities of Valais|Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland |
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