| 词条 | Gstaad |
| 释义 |
| subject_name = Gstaad | municipality_name = | imagepath_coa = | pixel_coa = | image_photo = | image_caption = | snow_image = | snow_imagecaption = | map = | canton = Bern | iso-code-region = CH-BE | district = Obersimmental-Saanen | within_municipality = Saanen | postal_code = 3780 | municipality_code = 0843 | elevation = 1050 | population = 7063 | populationof = Dec 2009 | popofyear = 2009 | website = | mayor = | mayor_asof = | mayor_party = | mayor_title = | list_of_mayors = | places = | demonym = | neighboring_municipalities = }}{{location map|Switzerland|lat_deg=46|lat_min=28|lon_deg=7|lon_min=17|caption=Location of Gstaad in Switzerland}} Gstaad ({{IPA-de|ˈkʃtaːd}}) is a town in the German-speaking section of the Canton of Bern in southwestern Switzerland. It is part of the municipality of Saanen and is known as a major ski resort and a popular destination amongst high society and the international jet set. The winter campus of the Institute Le Rosey is located in Gstaad. Gstaad has a population of about 9,200 and is located {{convert|1050|m|0|abbr=off}} above sea level. HistoryDuring the Middle Ages it was part of the district of Saanen (Gessenay) belonging to the Savoyard county of Gruyère. The town core developed at the fork in the trails into the Valais and Vaud. It had an inn, a warehouse for storing trade goods and oxen to help pull wagons over the alpine passes by the 13th-14th centuries. The St. Nicholas chapel was built in the town in 1402, while the murals are from the second half of the 15th century. The town was dominated by cattle farming and agriculture until the great fire of 1898. It was then rebuilt to support the growing tourism industry. The construction of the Montreux-Oberland Bernois railroad in 1905 and the construction of ski runs (the Ski Club of Saanen open in 1905 followed in 1907 by the Ski Club of Gstaad). The first ski school in Gstaad opened in 1923. In a short time, there were more than 1,000 hotel beds in the region.[1] The residents, hoteliers, shopkeepers and tourist offices helped to promote Gstaad to international attention. They supported the construction of ice rinks, tennis courts, swimming pools, ski jumps, and ski and hiking areas. The first ski lifts at Funi opened in 1934-44 and was followed by a number of gondolas, ski, and chair lifts. The Gstaad Palace opened in 1913 as Gstaad's first luxury hotel. In 1942 the Saanen-Gstaad airfield was opened for military and civil aviation. Helicopter rides were added later and in 1980 balloon flights became available as well. During the World Wars and the Great Depression, the tourism industry suffered and many hotels closed. After World War II, many of the large hotels remained closed, but they were replaced with a number of smaller non-hotel accommodation (chalets, apartment houses, residences). Most of the modern resorts and small hotels are built out of wood and retain traditional design elements.[1] The Gstaad Polo Club was founded in 1992.[2] ClimateAccording to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Gstaad has a humid continental climate, abbreviated "Dfb" on climate maps.[3] {{Weather box|location = Gstaad (1981–2010) |metric first = Yes |single line = Yes | Jan high C = 2.9 | Feb high C = 4.6 | Mar high C = 8.5 | Apr high C = 12.3 | May high C = 17.3 | Jun high C = 20.7 | Jul high C = 23.3 | Aug high C = 22.6 | Sep high C = 19.0 | Oct high C = 14.7 | Nov high C = 7.8 | Dec high C = 3.5 | year high C = 13.1 | Jan mean C = -3.3 | Feb mean C = -2.1 | Mar mean C = 1.9 | Apr mean C = 5.8 | May mean C = 10.4 | Jun mean C = 13.6 | Jul mean C = 15.7 | Aug mean C = 15.2 | Sep mean C = 11.8 | Oct mean C = 7.5 | Nov mean C = 1.4 | Dec mean C = -2.4 | year mean C = 6.3 | Jan low C = -7.8 | Feb low C = -7.2 | Mar low C = -3.5 | Apr low C = -0.1 | May low C = 4.2 | Jun low C = 7.0 | Jul low C = 9.3 | Aug low C = 8.9 | Sep low C = 5.9 | Oct low C = 2.3 | Nov low C = -2.8 | Dec low C = -6.2 | year low C = 0.8 |precipitation colour = green | Jan precipitation mm = 108 | Feb precipitation mm = 105 | Mar precipitation mm = 98 | Apr precipitation mm = 89 | May precipitation mm = 125 | Jun precipitation mm = 151 | Jul precipitation mm = 143 | Aug precipitation mm = 144 | Sep precipitation mm = 104 | Oct precipitation mm = 98 | Nov precipitation mm = 98 | Dec precipitation mm = 118 | year precipitation mm = 1382 |unit precipitation days = 1.0 mm | Jan precipitation days = 10.8 | Feb precipitation days = 9.9 | Mar precipitation days = 11.9 | Apr precipitation days = 11.2 | May precipitation days = 14.4 | Jun precipitation days = 13.9 | Jul precipitation days = 12.8 | Aug precipitation days = 13.0 | Sep precipitation days = 10.5 | Oct precipitation days = 10.5 | Nov precipitation days = 10.4 | Dec precipitation days = 11.3 | year precipitation days = 140.6 |source 1 = MeteoSwiss [4] |date=August 2010 }} TourismSituated in the Berner Oberland, Gstaad is home to one of the largest ski areas in the Alps ({{convert|220|km|0|abbr=on}} of slopes). The middle of the village features a picturesque promenade bounded by numerous shops, restaurants, art galleries, and hotels. Designer labels including Louis Vuitton, Hermes, Chopard, Brunello Cucinelli, Prada, Moncler, Ralph Lauren, and Cartier all have stores in Gstaad, while many smaller boutiques stock labels such as Chloe, Dolce & Gabbana, Tod's, Burberry, Dior, Oscar de la Renta, and Marc Jacobs. Long known for its walking and hiking trails of varying degrees of difficulty, the mountain air and ambiance attracts guests year round from around the world. Gstaad is also known for its ski and cross-country slopes and winter hiking trails. Gstaad, named "The Place" by Time magazine in the 1960s,[5] is widely known for its famous part-time residents and vacationers.[5] Famous regular visitors to Gstaad have included Madonna, Prince Charles and Princess Diana, former UN Secretary-General Kofi Annan, haute couture designer Valentino Garavani, writer William F. Buckley, Jr.,[6] and various members of the House of Cavendish. Many British bands and musicians would play at L'Atelier, a club in Gstaad, in the 1960s and 1970s; one such band was Merlin 'Q' (later Edison Lighthouse), who stayed a whole winter.{{citation needed|date=March 2016}} HotelsGstaad is known for its luxury hotels, among them the Grand Hotel Park, the Alpina Gstaad, the Gstaad Palace, the Grand Hotel Bellevue, the Hotel Olden, and the Arc En Ciel. Regular eventsIn Gstaad, the following regular events are held:
EducationSeveral boarding schools are located in or have a campus in Gstaad:[9]
Notable residentsCurrent and former residents of Gstaad include: Alinghi yachting syndicate boss Ernesto Bertarelli and actress Julie Andrews,[11] Formula One Holdings owner Bernie Ecclestone,[12] French actress Jeanne Moreau,[13] French singer Johnny Hallyday,[14] columnist Taki Theodoracopulos,[15] actors Elizabeth Taylor, Sir Roger Moore, Jane Randolph and Peter Sellers, children's author Richard Scarry, businessmen George Soros and Steve Wynn, directors Roman Polanski and Blake Edwards, violinist Yehudi Menuhin, Prince Rainier and Grace Kelly, modern artist Balthus, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, British jewellery designer Andrew Grima, Swiss philanthropist Philipp Braunwalder and Filip Peters.[13] Popular culture
References1. ^1 {{HDS|8327|Gstaad}} 2. ^{{cite book|last1=Laffaye|first1=Horace A.|title=The Polo Encyclopedia|date=2015|publisher=McFarland & Company|location=Jefferson, North Carolina|isbn=9780786495771|oclc=931799202|page=150|url=https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=EIb2BgAAQBAJ&pg=PA150&dq=Gstaad+Polo+Cup&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiEjNaTs7nVAhXEY1AKHWhUDDcQ6AEILDAB#v=onepage&q&f=false}} 3. ^Climate Summary for Gstaad 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html |title=Climate Norm Value Tables |work=Climate diagrams and normals from Swiss measuring stations |publisher=Federal Office of Meteorology and Climatology (MeteoSwiss) |accessdate=31 January 2013 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130514205349/http://www.meteoswiss.admin.ch/web/en/climate/swiss_climate/tabellen.html |archivedate=14 May 2013 |df= }} The weather station elevation is 1,045 meters above sea level. 5. ^1 {{cite news|date=March 1, 1963|url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,830008,00.html|title=Coming Up Chic|accessdate=2007-12-30|work=Time}} 6. ^{{cite web|date=March 10, 2008|url=http://www.newsweek.com/id/117854|title=He Knew He Was Right|accessdate=2008-03-01}} 7. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.gstaad.ch/en/service/media/press-releases/press-releases/news/detail/News/long-term-partnership-with-gstaad.html|title=Long-term partnership|last=|first=|date=|website=Gstaad|publisher=}} 8. ^{{Cite web|url=http://www.snowbikefestival.com/about-us/|title=Snow Bike Festival {{!}} About Us|website=www.snowbikefestival.com|access-date=2016-08-25}} 9. ^"International schools" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6gqKw686h?url=http://www.gstaad.ch/en/gstaad/international-schools.html Archive]). Gstaad. Retrieved on April 17, 2016. 10. ^"Switzerland gets only all-boys boarding school" ([https://www.webcitation.org/6gqFt5Bab?url=http://www.thelocal.ch/20140613/19 Archive]). The Local. June 13, 2014. Retrieved on April 17, 2016. 11. ^{{cite web|date=April 16, 1989|url=http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3938606.html|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110516231435/http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P2-3938606.html|dead-url=yes|archive-date=May 16, 2011|title=Gstaad: Just a simple Swiss village - for Liz Taylor and Julie Andrews|accessdate=2007-12-30}} 12. ^{{cite web|year=2007|url=http://switzerland.isyours.com/e/celebrities/bios/236.html|title=Celebrities in Switzerland: Bernie Ecclestone|accessdate=2007-12-30}} 13. ^1 {{cite web|year=2007|url=http://switzerland.isyours.com/E/VA/AreasGstaad.htm|title=Switzerland Is Yours|accessdate=2007-12-30}} 14. ^{{cite web|date=January 17, 2007 |url=http://www.accesshollywood.com/news/ah3572.shtml |title=James Blunt planning Swiss move |accessdate=2007-12-30 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071030202049/http://www.accesshollywood.com/news/ah3572.shtml |archivedate=October 30, 2007 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 15. ^{{cite web|year=2007|url=http://www.gstaadlife.com/2006/09/taki_on_summers.html|title=Taki on Gstaad summers in the line of fire|accessdate=2007-12-30|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20071219002323/http://www.gstaadlife.com/2006/09/taki_on_summers.html|archivedate=2007-12-19|df=}} External links{{wikivoyage|Gstaad}}{{Commons category|Gstaad}}
2 : Ski areas and resorts in Switzerland|Villages in the canton of Bern |
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