| 词条 | Attack on Ballygawley barracks |
| 释义 |
| conflict = Attack on Ballygawley RUC barracks | partof = The Troubles | image = | caption = | date = 7 December 1985 | place = Ballygawley, County Tyrone | coordinates = {{Coord|54|27|45.02|N|7|1|50|W|type:event_region:GB|display=inline,title}} | result = RUC barracks completely destroyed IRA Operation Successful | combatant1 = Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade | combatant2 = {{flagcountry|United Kingdom}}
| commander1 = Patrick Joseph Kelly | commander2 = | strength1 = 2 active service units | strength2 = 5 constables | casualties1 = None | casualties2 = 2 killed, 3 wounded | notes = }}{{Campaignbox Northern Ireland Troubles}} On 7 December 1985 the Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) attacked the Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) base at Ballygawley, County Tyrone. Two RUC officers were shot dead and the base was raked with gunfire before being completely destroyed by a bomb, which wounded a further three officers. BackgroundIn 1985, Patrick Kelly became leader of the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade. He, along with East Tyrone Brigade members Jim Lynagh and Pádraig McKearney, advocated using flying columns to destroy isolated British Army and RUC bases and stop them from being repaired. The goal was to create and hold "liberated zones" under IRA control that would be gradually enlarged. Although IRA Chief of Staff Kevin McKenna turned-down the flying column idea, IRA Northern Command approved the plan to destroy bases and prevent their repair.[1] In that year alone there were 44 such attacks.[2] Among the most devastating was the Newry mortar attack in March.[3] The attackThe attack involved two IRA active service units from the East Tyrone Brigade: an armed assault unit and a bomb unit.[4] There were also several teams of IRA observers in the area. The assault team was armed with AK-47 and AR-15 rifles, while the bombing unit was to be responsible for planting and detonating a {{convert|200|lbs|kg}} bomb.[5] Both units were commanded by Patrick Kelly. The assault was launched on Saturday 7 December at 18:55,[6] when the handful of RUC officers manning the base were getting ready to hand over to the next shift.[7] In the first burst of automatic fire, the two guards at the entrance were killed: Constable George Gilliland and Reserve Constable William Clements.[8] Constable Clements' Ruger security six revolver was taken by the attackers.[9] The base was then raked with gunfire. Another three RUC officers who were inside ran out to the back of the base,[4] where they hoped the walls might offer some cover.[7] IRA members went into the building and took documents and weapons. The bomb was placed inside and, upon detonation, destroyed the entire base.[9] Three officers were hurt. The republican magazine Iris (#11, October 1987) described the attack as follows: One volunteer took up a position close to the front gate. Two RUC men opened the gate and the volunteer calmly stepped forward, shooting them both dead at point blank range. Volunteers firing AK-47 and Armalite rifles moved into the barracks, raking it with gunfire. Having secured the building they planted a 100 lb bomb inside. The bomb exploded, totally destroying the building after the volunteers had withdrawn to safety.[10] The first British Army unit to arrive at the base in the wake of the attack was X Company, 1st Battalion, royal regiment of fusiliers.[11] AftermathThe attack was one of the Provisional IRA's biggest during this period. Twelve days later the same IRA brigade mortared the RUC station at Castlederg badly damaging the base & injuring four people.[12] The British Government responded by boosting British Army, especially Ulster Defence Regiment patrols, in isolated areas.{{Citation needed|date=July 2010}} Royal Engineers rebuilt the base in 1986.[13] The East Tyrone IRA launched two similar attacks in the following years: the successful attack on the Birches base in 1986, and the ill-fated attack on the Loughgall base in 1987, in which eight IRA members were killed. Ballygawley itself had seen conflict before with the Ballygawley land mine attack in 1983, and would see more violence in 1988 with the Ballygawley bus bombing. The gun taken from Constable Clements was found by security forces after the ambush.[14] News Report
See also
References1. ^{{cite book | last = Moloney | first = Ed | authorlink = Ed Moloney | title = A Secret History of the IRA | publisher = Penguin Books | year = 2002 | page = 314 | doi = | isbn = 0-14-101041-X}} 2. ^An Phoblacht, 28 July 2005 3. ^{{cite web | title = Northern Ireland Bloody Day | url =http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,962598-1,00.html | publisher = TIME | date = 11 March 1985 | accessdate = 21 April 2007}} 4. ^1 {{cite book | last = Urban | first = Mark | authorlink = Mark Urban | title = Big Boys' Rules: The SAS and the Secret Struggle Against the IRA | publisher = Faber and Faber | year = 1992 | page = 221 | doi = | isbn = }} 5. ^SAS operations in Northern Ireland 6. ^[https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/ira/readings/family.html Excerpt from "Sons of Guns", chapter 11 of Families at War by Peter Taylor (1989)]. PBS.org 7. ^1 Taylor, Peter. Provos: The IRA & Sinn Féin. Bloomsbury Publishing, 1998. p.270 8. ^RUC memorial 9. ^1 Taylor, Peter (1997). Behind the Mask: The IRA and Sinn Féin. TV books, p.315. {{ISBN|1-57500-061-X}} 10. ^Murray, Raymond. The SAS in Ireland. Mercier Press, 1990. p.379 11. ^Duke of Edinburgh's Royal Regiment history 12. ^https://www.upi.com/Archives/1985/12/19/Mortar-attack-on-police-station/9586503816400/ UPI: Mortar attack on police station 13. ^Heathwood news chronology. Conflict Archive on the Internet (CAIN) 14. ^Urban, Mark (1992). Big Boys' Rules. Faber and Faber. p.229. {{ISBN|0-571-16809-4}} Further reading
19 : 1985 in Northern Ireland|1985 murders in the United Kingdom|1980s in County Tyrone|Attacks in 1985|Attacks on police stations|Conflicts in 1985|Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland|December 1985 crimes|December 1985 events in Europe|Improvised explosive device bombings in Northern Ireland|Military actions and engagements during the Troubles (Northern Ireland)|Military history of County Tyrone|Murder in County Tyrone|Provisional Irish Republican Army actions|Royal Ulster Constabulary|Terrorist incidents in County Tyrone|Terrorist incidents in Europe in 1985|Terrorist incidents in the United Kingdom in 1985|The Troubles in County Tyrone |
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