“Attil”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Attil ({{lang-ar|عتيل}}) is a Palestinian town in the Tulkarm Governorate in the eastern West Bank, {{convert|12|km|abbr=on}} northeast of Tulkarm. Attil is the connection point between the other villages and Tulkarm. It is bordered by Illar to the east; Baqa ash-Sharqiyya to the north; The Green Line to the west; and Deir al-Ghusun to the south. Mountains surrounding the town include the Nabhan, Aboora, Asad, and Shehadeh mountains. Attil has an elevation of {{convert|100|m|abbr=on}} above Sea level, and an area of 7.337km².

History

Pottery remain have been found here from Middle Bronze Age II, Iron Age I and IA II, Persian, Hellenistic, early and late Roman, Byzantine, early Muslim and the Middle Ages have been found here.^[3] Fragmentary mosaic floors and column shafts from a church have been found, together with cisterns dug into the rock, as well as caves.^[2]

In 1179, it was mentioned in Crusader sources as Azatil.^[4] In March 1265, when Sultan Baibars awarded his officers lands, he gave Attil “To the Atabek Faris al-Din Uqtay al-Salihi“.^[5]

Ottoman era

Attil, like the rest of Palestine, was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517, and in the census of 1596 it was a part of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jabal Sami which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Nablus. The village had a population of 59 households, all Muslim, and paid taxes on wheat, barley, summer crops, olive trees, occasional revenues, beehives and/or goats, and an olive oil press, or press for grape syrup; a total of 14,872 akçe.^[6]

In 1838 it was noted as a village, 'Attil, in the western Esh-Sha'rawiyeh administrative region, north of Nablus.^[7]

In the late Ottoman period, in 1852, the American scholar Edward Robinson described passing by the villages of Zeita and Jatt on the way to 'Attil. Of 'Attil itself, he writes that it was "a considerable village," located on a hill with plains to the north and south. He further noted: ”It appears, that the land in the district of Nabulus including the plains, is generally freehold; and the taxes are mainly paid in the form of a poll tax.”^[8]

In 1863, the French explorer Victor Guérin passed by and noted that the village was also called Deir Attil.^[9]

In 1882 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described the village as being of considerable size, situated on a hill on the edge of the plain, and surrounded by a small olive-grove, and supplied by cisterns.^[10]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Attil had a population of 1,656, all Muslims.^[11] At the time of the 1931 census of Palestine, Attil, together with Jalama, Al-Manshiyya and Zalafa had a total of 2207 persons, all Muslim except 1 Druze, living in 473 houses.^[12]

In the 1945 statistics the population of Attil was 2,650, all Muslims,^[13] who owned 7,337 dunams of land according to an official land and population survey.^[14] 4,011 dunams were plantations and irrigable land, 2,527 used for cereals,^[15] while 86 dunams were built-up (urban) land.^[16]

Jordanian era

In the wake of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War, and after the 1949 Armistice Agreements, Attil came under Jordanian rule.

Post-1967

Population

Attil had a population of 9,038 in the 2007 census by the Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics.^[18] The majority of its people are expatriates living in Jordan, Gulf, the United States, Europe, and other parts of the world.

References

1. ^Palmer, 1881, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp00conduoft#page/179/mode/1up 179]
2. ^¹Dauphin, 1998, p. 757
3. ^Zertal, 2016, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA416 416]
4. ^Röhricht, 1887, p. [https://archive.org/stream/zeitschriftdesde09deut#page/245/mode/1up 245]; cited in Zertal, 2016, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA416 416]
5. ^Ibn al-Furat, trans. Lyons, 1971, p. 80; cited in in Zertal, 2016, p. [https://books.google.com/books?id=XytzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA417 417]
6. ^Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 126
7. ^Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, 2nd Appendix, p. [https://archive.org/stream/biblicalresearch03robiuoft#page/129/mode/1up 129]
8. ^Robinson and Smith, 1856, p. [https://archive.org/stream/laterbiblicalre01smitgoog#page/n173/mode/1up 124].
9. ^Guérin, 1875, p. [https://archive.org/stream/descriptiongogr04gugoog#page/n370/mode/1up 345]
10. ^Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. [https://archive.org/stream/surveyofwesternp02conduoft#page/151/mode/1up 151]
11. ^Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Tulkarm, p. [https://archive.org/stream/PalestineCensus1922/Palestine%20Census%20%281922%29#page/n29/mode/1up 27]
12. ^Mills, 1932, p. [https://archive.org/details/CensusOfPalestine1931.PopulationOfVillagesTownsAndAdministrativeAreas 53]
13. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 20
14. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 74
15. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 124
16. ^Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 174
17. ^Government of Jordan, Department of Statistics, 1964, p. 13
18. ^2007 PCBS census. Palestinian Central Bureau of Statistics (PCBS). p. 107.