| 词条 | Augustin-Joseph de Mailly |
| 释义 |
| name = Augustin Joseph de Mailly | image = AugustinDe Mailly.jpg | birth_date = 5 April 1708 | birth_place = Villaines-sous-Lucé | death_date = 25 March 1794 (aged 85) | death_place = Arras | allegiance = {{flagcountry|Kingdom of France}} | rank = Marshal of France | branch = Maison militaire du roi de France | serviceyears = 1726–1792 | conflict = Guerre de Succession de Pologne Guerre de succession d'Autriche | commands = Inspector General of cavalry and dragoons Director-general of camps and armies | battles = siege of Kehl (1733) Battle of Pavia Battle of Rossbach Defence of the palais des Tuileries | awards= Cross of Saint-Louis Collar of the Grand Cross of Malta Knight of the orders of the king (1776) Order of Saint-Lazare | laterwork = Lieutenant général of Roussillon Gouvernor of Abbeville, Sénéchal and Grand bailli of Ponthieu | relations = House of Mailly }} Augustin-Joseph de Mailly (5 April 1708, Villaines-sous-Lucé – 25 March 1794, Arras) was a French general, governor and nobleman. Augustin-Joseph de Mailly was marquis d'Haucourt and baron of Saint-Amand. In January 1744 he inherited the title of count of Mailly following the death of his cousin Louis de Mailly (1723–1743). At first a musketeer (1726), he served in the gendarmerie (1733–1764) before rising rapidly through the ranks – brigadier on 20 February 1743, maréchal de camp on 1 May 1745, lieutenant-général on 10 May 1748, inspector general of cavalry and dragoons on 21 May 1749, and finally director-general of camps and armies. In disgrace, he was distanced from the court and therefore remained a lieutenant-Général for a very long time, before becoming commander in chief in Roussillon, where he was the originator of great building works and the renewal of the university and played a large rôle in french Freemasonry. Made a chevalier du Saint-Esprit on 26 May 1776, he was made marshal of France on 13 June 1783 and due to his age was able to be governor of Abbeville, sénéchal and Grand bailli of Ponthieu not far from his lands and château. However, this Mailly, who fought in many battles of the wars of Louis XV, received from Louis XVI, in 1790, command of one of the four armies decreed by the National Assembly (14th and 15th military divisions). This was a difficult task and he resigned on 22 June, when he learned of the king's flight to Varennes. On 10 August 1792, despite his old age, he fought on the side of the threatened French monarchy. Escaping the carnage that followed the capture of the palais des Tuileries and the September massacres, he was arrested in his château, then guillotined in 1794 at Arras, aged 87 – on the scaffold he cried "I remain faithful to my king, as my ancestors have always been". Family{{See also|List of lords of Mailly}}The 4 Mailly sisters – mistresses of Louis XVLifeBeginnings of his military career{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Governor of RoussillonLe Cocu du Roi{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Perpignan{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Military academy (1751){{Empty section|date=January 2011}}The university of Perpignan (1760–1763){{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Port-Vendres{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Mailly and French Freemasonry{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}The major quarrel (1743){{Empty section|date=January 2011}}War again{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}10 August 1792{{Empty section|date=January 2011}}Arrest and executionOn 25 March 1794, Joseph de Mailly was executed by guillotine, at the time of his execution he was the oldest person to be executed. Marriage and issue{{Empty section|date=July 2010}}Works
NotesBibliography
External links
5 : 1708 births|1794 deaths|Marshals of France|French people executed by guillotine during the French Revolution|Recipients of the Order of the Holy Spirit |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。