“Augustus Orlebar”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Air Vice Marshal Augustus Henry Orlebar CBE AFC & Bar (17 February 1897 – 4 August 1943) was a British Army and Royal Air Force officer who served in both world wars.

After being wounded during the Gallipoli campaign he was seconded to the Royal Flying Corps and subsequently the Royal Air Force. He formally transferred to the RAF after the First World War, and between the wars was involved in high speed flying, commanding the High Speed Flight RAF, competing in the Schneider Trophy, and holding the world air speed record.

By the outbreak of the Second World War he was in command of RAF Northolt. He briefly became Director of Flying Training in 1940 before going to HQ RAF Fighter Command. In July 1941 he became Air Officer Commanding, No. 10 (Fighter) Group, and in March 1943 Deputy Chief of Combined Operations. He fell ill, and died in hospital on 4 August 1943.

Early life

He was the son of Augustus Scobell Orlebar and Hester Mary Orlebar, of Podington, Bedfordshire. The Orlebars were an old established family, having built Hinwick House almost 200 years earlier, after holding the manor since the mid-17th century.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}} He was educated at Rugby School.^[1]

First World War

He was commissioned as a second lieutenant in 1/5th Battalion, Bedfordshire Regiment (Territorial Force) on 15 January 1915.^[2] His battalion landed at Suvla Bay on 11 August 1915, pitching him into the Gallipoli campaign,^[3] He was promoted to temporary lieutenant on 21 September 1915,^[4] but was subsequently wounded in action by a sniper's bullet. He was then invalided to the United Kingdom and seconded to the Royal Flying Corps (RFC) on recovery.{{citation needed|date=September 2011}}

He trained as a pilot in 1916 and was appointed a flying officer in the military wing of the RFC on 17 September 1916 when he was formally seconded from his regimental duties to the RFC.^[5]^[6] His rank of lieutenant was confirmed on 21 October.^[7] He was posted to No. 19 Squadron RFC on the Western Front.^[1] On 13 March 1918 he shot down and severely wounded Ltn. Lothar von Richthofen (brother of Manfred von Richthofen), near Cambrai. He was wounded in turn himself by Albatros scouts over Ham on 23 March 1918. Before his return to combat, he also served as an instructor in Essex.

He was credited with two enemy aircraft destroyed whilst serving with No 19 and a further four as a flight commander in No 73 Squadron, before being wounded. He gained his final victory with No. 43 Squadron on 29 September, bringing his total to seven.

Inter-war service

He served as a test pilot at the Aeroplane and Armament Experimental Establishment (A&AEE), Martlesham Heath, between 1919 and 1925, being awarded the Air Force Cross in 1921 and the bar in 1929.

Air racing

He was Officer Commanding and pilot with the High Speed Flight, the RAF's team for the Schneider Trophy seaplane races of 1927-1931. Britain, having won the 1927 race, became the subsequent host for the contests, which were based at RAF Calshot on the eastern entrance to Southampton Water.

The final contest was held in 1931, for a 3rd win gave the title to Britain in perpetuity. His report on the contest describes Flt.Lt Stainforth's achievement of a new speed record at over 400 mph.^[9]

Second World War

At the outbreak of the Second World War he was the Director of Flying Training before joining the Air Staff, HQ Fighter Command in October 1940. On 22 July 1941 he became AOC of No. 10 Group then the position of Deputy Chief of Combined Operations, at RAF Northolt from 2 March 1943. He died in hospital from natural causes after a short illness and is buried at his family church of Saint Mary's, Podington, Bedfordshire.^[10] He is commemorated on the War Memorial of the Church.^[11]

Service career

Decorations

Ranks held

Service record

Army

Royal Flying Corps

RAF

References

1. ^¹²{{cite web |title=Biography: Air Vice-Marshal A H Orlebar |url=http://www.rafweb.org/Biographies/Orlebar.htm |first=M. B. |last=Barrass |work=Air of Authority – A History of RAF Organisation}}
2. ^{{London Gazette|issue=29113|page=2998|date=26 March 1915}}
3. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.1914-1918.net/bedfords.htm|title=The Bedfordshire Regiment|work=The Long, Long Trail|first=Chris |last=Baker|accessdate=13 August 2011}}
4. ^{{London Gazette|issue=29359|supp=y|page=11041|date=5 November 1915}}
5. ^{{London Gazette|issue=29775|supp=y|page=9662|date=6 October 1916}}
6. ^{{London Gazette|issue=29798|page=10295|date=24 October 1916}}
7. ^{{London Gazette|issue=29818|page=10866|date=10 November 1916}}
8. ^{{cite web |title=Photographs of Supermarine S.6 N247 at the 1929 Schneider Trophy |url=http://www.hydroretro.net/coupeen/pilotes/orlebar.html |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20080503155818/http://www.hydroretro.net/coupeen/pilotes/orlebar.html |archivedate=3 May 2008 |df=dmy }}
9. ^{{cite web |title=Schneider Trophy - Report on the 1931 Race |url=http://www.raf.mod.uk/history_old/schneider6.html |author=Sqn Ldr A Orlebar |publisher=RAF}}
10. ^{{cwgc|id=2706147|name=Orlebar, Augustus Henry|accessdate=13 September 2011}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=Podington church memorial |url=http://www.roll-of-honour.com/Bedfordshire/PodingtonRollofHonour.html |work=Roll of Honour}}
12. ^{{cite web |title=Hainault Farm aerodrome, Essex |url=http://www.prcraig.com/hainaultfarmAerodrome.htm}}

External links