| 词条 | Australia–Uruguay relations |
| 释义 |
Australia and Uruguay share an interest in the Southern Ocean and the fisheries therein. Both countries are full members of the Cairns Group and the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources. A number of incidents have taken place in Antarctic waters involving Uruguayan-flagged sailing boats and Australian officers. PoliticalThe first Uruguayan Consul came to Australia in 1954.[4] Since 1996, Diego L. Payssé is Australia's Honorary Consul in Montevideo.[5] Both countries are agricultural exporters, and advocate for the reduction and reform of farm subsidies.[6] In 1970, Uruguay joined the International Wool Secretariat, composed of founding members Australia, New Zealand and South Africa.[7] An extradition treaty was signed in 1998.[8] In the lead up to the 2005 selection of director-general of the World Trade Organization, Australia declined to endorse the Uruguayan candidate Carlos Perez del Castillo over Pascal Lamy, despite the countries being agricultural export allies.[8] The two countries' foreign ministers met in New York City during a 2008 United Nations General Assembly meeting and discussed ways to increase links between Australia and Uruguay.[9] Illegal fishing incidentsIn August 2003, the Australian government boarded a suspected illegal fishing vessel, the Viarsa I, in Antarctic waters. The vessel was boarded by personnel from the Australian customs and fisheries patrol boat Southern Supporter, backed by armed South African enforcement officers.[10] A Uruguayan was detained and taken into custody of the Australian government.[11] The detainment of the official caused a rift between Australia and Uruguay, who demanded the official's immediate release.[11] Australian Fisheries Minister Ian Macdonald claimed that the official along with the rest of the crew be charged under Australian law.[12] Uruguay then ordered the fishing vessel home to face local law, causing a strain on the relations between the two countries who each thought the ship should be prosecuted under their own jurisdictions.[13] Still, the two countries stated they were cooperating to resolve their difficulties.[14] Four months after the initial incident, {{HMAS|Warramunga|FFH 152|6}} intercepted the Uruguayan-flagged Maya V in the Southern Ocean about {{convert|4000|km|nmi}} south west of Perth.[15] Prime Minister John Howard boarded and thanked the crew for their work fighting illegal fishing saying, "Australians feel very strongly that people who want to illegally fish in our waters, who want to pillage our assets, should be repelled and, where appropriate, apprehended."[16] Two top officials representing Uruguay and Australia met to discuss issues involving the Maya V incident. Uruguayan Ambassador to Australia Pedro Mo Amaro said in a statement on the news, "We agree with all the measures Australian authorities have taken but not with these measures against the crew", he went on to say "We think the crew is innocent – they have not committed any offences."[17] The crew involved later were charged varying fines and released back to Uruguay. EconomicEconomic relations include monetary aid between the two nations.[20] In 2015, total bilateral trade was A$29.6 million and Uruguay ranked 109th as a trading partner of Australia.[21] In the late 1990s, the major exports from Uruguay to Australia were leather, furskins, pearls and gems, and leather goods. In that period Australia primarily exported wool, iron, steel, and beef to Uruguay.[22] In 2010 Uruguay investigated the possibility of importing Merino semen and embryos to reinvigorate their sheep industry after substantial declines.[23] Australian investment in Uruguay centres on mining, agriculture, and entertainment, and benefits from the lack of obstacle to repatriation of profits.[22] Although eucalypts are native to Australia, they form the basis for 80% of the Uruguayan forestry industry.[22] Military{{As of|2012}} Australia and Uruguay co-host a series of workshops on the protection of civilians in peacekeeping operations.[24]Cultural and immigrationUruguayan Australians are an ethnic minority in Australia with populations in larger Australian cities, primarily Sydney (especially Fairfield) and Melbourne.[25] The first migrants from Uruguay came to Australia during the 1960s during a time of political and economical hardship, with growing numbers in the 70s due to military dictatorship with the migration peak in 1974.[26][27] By 1981 the Uruguayan population in Australia reached almost 9300, then after the restoration of democracy in Uruguay it rose slowly to 9715 in 1996.[28] In 1981 80% lived in New South Wales, and 17% in Victoria.[28]In 2002 the Uruguayan consul-general promoted soccer in Australia, saying "the only thing [Uruguayan and Latin American people] miss is that this is not a soccer country".[29] See also{{portal|Australia|Uruguay}}
References1. ^Australian Honorary Consulate in Montevideo 2. ^Embassy of Uruguay in Canberra 3. ^http://protocol.dfat.gov.au/Consulate/view.rails?id=213 4. ^{{cite news |url=http://nla.gov.au/nla.news-article52955990 |title=Consul From Uruguay Gets Cold Welcome. |newspaper=The West Australian |location=Perth |date=20 July 1954 |accessdate=14 January 2013 |page=6 |publisher=National Library of Australia}} 5. ^{{cite web | title = Australian Honorary Counsel, Montevideo, Argentina | publisher = Australian Minister for Foreign Affairs | date = 1996-10-09 | url = http://www.foreignminister.gov.au/releases/1996/fa110.html | accessdate = 2009-04-13}} 6. ^{{cite web|title=Australia, Uruguay Say EU Farm Aid Reform 'Woefully Short'|url=https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=awMcx2yPA7gI|publisher=Bloomberg|accessdate=15 January 2013}} 7. ^{{cite book|last=Roche|first=Julian|title=The international wool trade|year=1995|publisher=Woodhead Pub. Ltd.|location=Cambridge, England|isbn=1855731916|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=FjPMSe1oOJIC&pg=PA176|page=176}} 8. ^{{cite news|last=Murphy|first=Katharine|title=Canberra may defy ally over WTO job|newspaper=The Australian|date=5 Jan 2005|page=2}} 9. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.uruguaydailynews.com/news.php?viewStory=2519|title=Uruguay and Australia Seek Increased Relations|publisher=UDN|accessdate=2009-04-12}} 10. ^{{cite web |title=Poachers pursued over 7,000 kilometers |publisher=Australian Antarctic Division |date=Autumn 2004 |url=http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=14710 |accessdate=2009-04-13}} 11. ^1 {{cite news |url=https://www.usatoday.com/weather/resources/coldscience/2003-09-08-toothfish_x.htm |title=Australia holding Uruguayan official in illegal Antarctic fishing case |work=USA Today |accessdate=2009-04-12 | date=2003-09-08}} 12. ^{{cite news|url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/3176317.stm|title=Uruguay 'poaching ship' ordered home |publisher=British Broadcasting Company (BBC) |accessdate=2009-04-12 | date=2003-08-23}} 13. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2003/08/25/931013.htm |title=Renegade fishing boat to dock in Uruguay |last=Porteous |first=Clinton |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Company (ABC)|accessdate=2009-04-12}} 14. ^ {{cite web |title=Poachers pursued over 7,000 kilometers |publisher=Australian Antarctic Division |date=Autumn 2004 |url=http://www.aad.gov.au/default.asp?casid=14710 |accessdate=2009-04-13}} 15. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2004/s1034337.htm |title=Australian authorities continue crackdown on illegal fishing |publisher=Australian Broadcasting Company (ABC) |accessdate=2009-04-13}} 16. ^{{cite news |url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/02/04/1075853937367.html |title=Howard learns of the danger in hunting poachers |publisher=The Age |accessdate=2009-04-13 | location=Melbourne | date=2004-02-05}} 17. ^{{cite news|url=http://en.mercopress.com/2004/02/26/maya-v-crew-out-of-jail |title=Maya V Crew Out Of Jail |publisher=MercoPress |accessdate=2009-04-13}} 18. ^Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012, International Merchandise Imports, Australia, 'Table 2. Country and Country Groups, Customs Value', time series spreadsheet, cat. no. 5439.0, viewed 19 December 2012 19. ^Australian Bureau of Statistics, 2012, International Trade in Goods and Services, Australia, 'Table 14a. Merchandise Exports, Country and Country Groups, FOB Value', time series spreadsheet, cat. no. 5368.0, viewed 9 January 2013 20. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.dfat.gov.au/geo/uruguay/uruguay_brief.html|title=Uruguay Country Brief |date=February 2009|publisher=Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade of Australia |accessdate=2009-04-12}} 21. ^http://dfat.gov.au/trade/resources/Documents/urug.pdf 22. ^1 2 3 {{cite book|title=Inquiry into Australia's Trade and Investment Relationship with South America|year=1999|publisher=Parliament of Australia|pages=144–145|url=http://www.aph.gov.au/Parliamentary_Business/Committees/House_of_Representatives_Committees?url=jfadt/samer/samchap8.pdf|author=Joint Standing Committee on Foreign Affairs, Defence and Trade|chapter=8. Uruguay}} 23. ^{{cite news|last=McNaughton|first=Rowena|title=Merino semen for Uruguay|url=http://www.stockandland.com.au/news/nationalrural/livestock/wool/merino-semen-for-uruguay/1734387.aspx|archive-url=https://archive.is/20130219160641/http://www.stockandland.com.au/news/nationalrural/livestock/wool/merino-semen-for-uruguay/1734387.aspx|dead-url=yes|archive-date=19 February 2013|accessdate=15 January 2013|newspaper=Stock and Land|date=1 February 2010}} 24. ^{{cite web|title=Australia and Uruguay host workshop on the protection of civilians in UN peacekeeping operations |url=http://acmc.gov.au/2012/02/australia-and-uruguay-host-workshop-on-the-protection-of-civilians-in-un-peacekeeping-operations/ |publisher=Australian Government – Australian Civil-Military Centre |accessdate=14 January 2013 |author=ACMC Communications |date=27 February 2012 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513001223/http://acmc.gov.au/2012/02/australia-and-uruguay-host-workshop-on-the-protection-of-civilians-in-un-peacekeeping-operations/ |archivedate=13 May 2013 }} 25. ^{{cite book|last=Burnley|first=Ian H.|title=The impact of immigration on Australia : a demographic approach|year=2001|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=South Melbourne, Victoria [u.a.]|isbn=0195508351|pages=215|url=https://books.google.com/books/about/The_impact_of_immigration_on_Australia.html?id=-cNyAAAAMAAJ}} 26. ^{{cite web|url=http://museumvictoria.com.au/origins/history.aspx?pid=67|title=History of immigration from Uruguay|publisher=Museum Victoria Australia|accessdate=2009-04-12| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090406174722/http://museumvictoria.com.au/origins/history.aspx?pid=67| archivedate= 6 April 2009 | deadurl= no}} 27. ^{{cite book|last=Petruccelli|first=José Luis|title=The Migration Movement from Uruguay to Australia|year=1978|publisher=Centro de Informaciones y Estudios del Uruguay|pages=9}} 28. ^1 {{cite book|title=The Australian people : an encyclopedia of the nation, its people and their origins|year=2001|publisher=Cambridge Univ. Press|location=Cambridge [U.K.]|isbn=0521807891|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=yTKFBXfCI1QC&pg=PA719|edition=2|editor=James Jupp|accessdate=14 January 2013|page=719}} 29. ^{{cite news|title=Uruguay consul's passionate plea|url=http://newsstore.fairfax.com.au/apps/viewDocument.ac?docID=ILL0211057UL0V5V6RIE|accessdate=15 January 2013|newspaper=Illawarra Mercury|date=5 November 2002|page=79}} External links{{commons category|Relations of Australia and Uruguay}}
3 : Australia–Uruguay relations|Bilateral relations of Australia|Bilateral relations of Uruguay |
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