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词条 Ava DuVernay
释义

  1. Early life and education

  2. Career

     Film  Selma  13th  A Wrinkle in Time  Television  Advertising and music videos  Film distribution and production  Future projects  Other work 

  3. Style and themes

  4. Filmography

     Film  Television  Commercials  Music video 

  5. Awards, nominations, honors

  6. DuVernay test

  7. References

  8. External links

{{Infobox person
| name = Ava DuVernay
| image = Ava DuVernay 2015.jpg
| alt = Ava DuVernay in 2015
| caption = DuVernay in 2015
| birth_name = Ava Marie DuVernay
| birth_date = {{Birth date and age|1972|08|24}}
| birth_place = Compton, California,{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} U.S.
| nationality = American
| alma_mater = University of California, Los Angeles
| occupation = Filmmaker
| notable_works = {{ubl|Selma|13th|A Wrinkle in Time}}
| website = {{url|www.avaduvernay.com|AvaDuVernay.com}}
}}

Ava Marie DuVernay ({{IPAc-en|ˌ|dj|uː|v|ɛər|ˈ|n|eɪ}}; born August 24, 1972) is an American film director, producer, screenwriter, film marketer, and film distributor. DuVernay won the directing award in the U.S. dramatic competition at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival for her second feature film Middle of Nowhere,[1] becoming the first black woman to win the award.[2] For her work on Selma (2014), DuVernay was the first black female director to be nominated for a Golden Globe Award.[3][4] With Selma, she was also the first black female director to have her film nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In 2017, she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature for her film 13th (2016).

DuVernay's 2018 fantasy film A Wrinkle in Time, had a production and marketing budget between $150 million and $250 million, making her the first black-American woman to direct a live-action film with a budget of that size.[5] That film also made her the first black-American woman to direct a film that earned at least $100 million domestically, though the movie failed to turn a profit.[5][6]

Early life and education

DuVernay was born in Long Beach, California.{{citation needed|date=March 2019}} She was raised with her four siblings, her mother, Darlene Maye, an educator, and her father, Murray Maye. She grew up in Lynwood, California, which is near Compton.[7]

During her summer vacations, she would travel to the childhood home of her father, which was not far from Selma, Alabama.[8] DuVernay said that these summers influenced the making of Selma, as her father saw the 1965 Selma to Montgomery marches as a small child.[9]

In 1990, DuVernay graduated from Saint Joseph High School in Lakewood.[10] At the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), she was a double BA major in English literature and African-American studies.[11][12][13][14]

Career

DuVernay's first interest was in journalism, a choice influenced by an internship with CBS News, where she was assigned to help cover the O.J. Simpson murder trial.[12] DuVernay became disillusioned with journalism however, and decided to move into public relations, working as a junior publicist at 20th Century Fox, Savoy Pictures, and a few other PR agencies before opening her own public relations firm, The DuVernay Agency, also known as DVAPR, in 1999.[15]

Through DVAPR she provided marketing and PR services to the entertainment and lifestyle industry, working on campaigns for movies and television shows such as Lumumba, Spy Kids, Shrek 2, The Terminal, Collateral, and Dreamgirls.[11][12][14][16][17][18][19]

Other ventures launched by DuVernay include Urban Beauty Collective, which was a promotional network that began in 2003 and had more than 10,000 African-American beauty salons and barbershops in 16 (20 since 2008) U.S. cities which were mailed a free monthly Access Hollywood-style promotion program called UBC-TV,[20][21] the African-American blog hub Urban Thought Collective in 2008, Urban Eye, a two-minute long weekday celebrity and entertainment news show distributed to radio stations,[22] as well as [https://hellobeautiful.com/ HelloBeautiful], a digital platform for millennial women of color.[23]

Film

In 2005, over the Christmas holiday, DuVernay decided to take $6,000 and make her first film, a short called Saturday Night Life.[14][30] Based on her mother's experiences,[14] the 12-minute film about an uplifting trip by a struggling single mother (Melissa De Sousa) and her three kids to a local Los Angeles discount grocery store toured the festival circuit and was broadcast on February 6, 2007, as part of Showtime's Black Filmmaker Showcase.[24]

DuVernay then moved on to documentaries because they can be done on a smaller budget than fiction films, and she could learn the trade while doing so.[25] In 2007, she directed the short Compton in C Minor for which she "challenged herself to capture Compton in only two hours and present whatever she found." The following year, she made her feature directorial debut with the alternative hip hop documentary This Is the Life, a history of LA's Good Life Cafe's arts movement in which she participated as part of the duo Figures of Speech.

In 2011, DuVernay's first narrative feature film, I Will Follow, a drama starring Salli Richardson-Whitfield, was released theatrically. DuVernay's aunt Denise Sexton was the inspiration for the film.[26] The film cost DuVernay $50,000 and was made in 14 days.[17] Roger Ebert called it "one of the best films I've seen about coming to terms with the death of a loved one."[27][28] I Will Follow was an official selection of AFI Fest, Pan-African Film Festival, Urbanworld and Chicago International Film Festival.

In the summer of 2011, DuVernay began production on her second narrative feature film, Middle of Nowhere, off a script she had written in 2003 but couldn't get financed then.[26] The film had its world premiere on January 20 at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival, where it played in U.S. dramatic competition[29] and garnered the U.S. Directing Award: Dramatic for DuVernay, the first African-American woman to ever win the prize. DuVernay also won the 2012 Independent Spirit John Cassavetes Award for her work on the film.[30]

DuVernay was commissioned by the Smithsonian's National Museum of African American History and Culture to create a film which debuted at the museum's opening on September 24, 2016. This film, August 28: A Day in the Life of a People, tells of six significant events in African-American history that happened on the same date, August 28. The 22-minute film stars Lupita Nyong'o, Don Cheadle, Regina King, David Oyelowo, Angela Bassett, Michael Ealy, Gugu Mbatha-Raw, André Holland and Glynn Turman. Events depicted include William IV's royal assent to the UK Slavery Abolition Act in 1833, the 1955 lynching of 14-year-old Emmett Till in Mississippi, the release of Motown's first number-one song, "Please Mr. Postman" by The Marvellettes, Martin Luther King, Jr.'s 1963 "I Have a Dream" speech, the landfall of Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the night then-senator Barack Obama accepted the Democratic nomination for president at the 2008 Democratic National Convention.[31]

Selma

{{Main|Selma (film)}}

DuVernay directed Selma, a $20 million budget film produced by Plan B Entertainment, about Martin Luther King, Jr., Lyndon B. Johnson, and the 1965 Selma to Montgomery march.[32] The movie was released on December 25, 2014 to critical acclaim.[33]

For the film she did uncredited re-writes of most of the original screenwriter Paul Webb's script with an increased emphasis on King and the people of Selma as central figures.[34][35] In response to the criticisms of historians and media sources that accused her of irresponsibly rewriting history to portray her own agenda, DuVernay pointed out that the film is "not a documentary. I'm not a historian. I'm a storyteller".[36]

The film was nominated for Best Picture and Best Original Song, but not Best Director, at the Academy Awards. The lack of diversity of the Oscar nominations for 2014 was the subject of much press,[37] especially on Twitter,[38] and the film of the only person of color that was nominated for the 87th Academy Awards. The award for Best Original Song went to "Glory" from Selma.[39][40] DuVernay stated that she had not expected to be nominated so the omission didn't really bother her; rather she was hurt by actor David Oyelowo not being nominated. As to the question of racial diversity of awards, she stated that the obstacles to people of color being represented in the Academy Awards were systemic.[38]

13th

{{Main|13th (film)}}

In July 2016, the New York Film Festival made the surprise announcement that 13th, a documentary directed by DuVernay, would open the festival. Until the announcement no mention of the film had been made by either DuVernay or Netflix, the film's distributor.[41] Centered on race in the United States criminal justice system, the film is titled after the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, which outlawed slavery (unless as punishment for a crime). DuVernay's documentary opens with the idea that 25 percent of the people in the world who are incarcerated are incarcerated in the U.S. and argues that slavery is being effectively perpetuated in the U.S. through mass incarceration. The film features several prominent activists, politicians, and public figures such as, Angela Davis, Bryan Stevenson, Van Jones, Newt Gingrich, Cory Booker, Henry Louis Gates Jr., and others.[42]

It was released on October 7, 2016 on Netflix.[43] 13th has garnered acclaim from film critics and is currently at a 97% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 69 reviews, with the critical consensus that states: "13th strikes at the heart of America's tangled racial history, offering observations as incendiary as they are calmly controlled."[44] In 2017, the film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 89th Oscars,[45] making DuVernay the first black woman to be nominated as a director by the academy in a feature category.[46] The film also won a Peabody Award in 2017[47] and a Columbia Journalism School duPont Award in 2018.[48]

A Wrinkle in Time

{{Main|A Wrinkle in Time (2018 film)}}

In 2010, it was announced that Disney carried the film rights to the 1962 novel A Wrinkle in Time.[49] Following the success of Tim Burton's Alice in Wonderland, Disney announced the hire of Jeff Stockwell to write the screenplay for Cary Granat and his new Bedrock Studios. Cary Granat had previously worked with Disney on the Chronicles of Narnia and Bridge to Terabithia films.[50] On August 5, 2014, Jennifer Lee was announced as the screenwriter, taking over from Stockwell, who had written the first draft.[51][52] On February 8, 2016, it was reported that DuVernay had been offered to direct the film, and she was confirmed as director later that same month.[53]

A Wrinkle in Time began filming in November 2016. DuVernay is the first woman of color to direct a live-action film with a budget of over $100 million, and the second woman to do so after Patty Jenkins (who directed Wonder Woman).[5]

The film was released in March 2018 and brought in $33 million its opening weekend, second at the box office behind Black Panther.[54] Following Disney's Q2 earnings report in May 2018, Yahoo! Finance deduced the film would lose the studio anywhere from $86–186 million.[55]

Upon release, the film received mixed reviews, with critics "taking issue with the film's heavy use of CGI and numerous plot holes" while "celebrating its message of female empowerment and diversity."[56]

Television

In 2010, DuVernay directed three TV documentaries. The first, a two-hour concert film TV One Night Only: Live from the Essence Music Festival, a mix of live performances and behind-the-scenes vignettes, which aired August 28, 2010 on TV One, showcases the U.S.'s largest annual African-American entertainment gathering, the Essence Music Festival, which in 2010 took place July 2–4 in New Orleans.[57] Two days later, BET premiered its first original music documentary, My Mic Sounds Nice: A Truth About Women and Hip Hop, a 41-minute long history of female hip hop artists.[58]

On Thanksgiving 2010, TV One showed the 44-minute documentary special Essence Presents: Faith Through the Storm about two black sisters who reclaimed their lives after personal devastation during Hurricane Katrina. "It was done for a client, for Essence. They wanted to talk about how faith helped them through, that was very important to them. So it is interspersed with gospel music, images of Katrina, their home and family."[59]

ESPN commissioned DuVernay to produce and direct Venus Vs., a documentary on Venus Williams' fight for equal prize money for their film series Nine for IX, which aired on July 2, 2013.[60] DuVernay directed the John Legend episode of the performance-and-interview series HelloBeautiful Interludes Live which was shown September 14, 2013 on TV One as the series' broadcast premiere.[23] She also directed the eighth episode of the third season of the political thriller television series Scandal. The episode, titled "Vermont is for Lovers, Too", premiered on November 21, 2013 on ABC.[61]

In 2015, DuVernay executive produced and directed the CBS civil rights crime drama pilot For Justice starring Anika Noni Rose.[62] It was not picked up for distribution.{{citation needed|date=January 2016}} That same year, DuVernay announced she would be creating and executive producing the drama series Queen Sugar, based on Natalie Baszile's novel.[63][64]

Queen Sugar premiered September 6, 2016 on Oprah Winfrey Network to critical acclaim and positive reviews.[65] DuVernay directed two episodes and wrote four. On August 1, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season ahead of its television premiere which aired in a two-night premiere on June 20 and June 21, 2017.[66][67] The series was renewed for a third season on July 26, 2017.[68]

Advertising and music videos

In 2013, DuVernay partnered with Miu Miu as part of their Women's Tales film series.[69] Her short film The Door starred actress Gabrielle Union and reunited DuVernay with her Middle of Nowhere star Emayatzy Corinealdi. The film premiered online in February 2013[70] and was presented at the Venice Days sidebar of the 70th Venice International Film Festival in August.[71]

Also in August 2013, DuVernay released, through Vimeo,[72] a second branded short film entitled Say Yes.[73] The film was sponsored by cosmetic brand Fashion Fair and starred Kali Hawk and Lance Gross with Julie Dash, Victoria Mahoney, Lorraine Toussaint and Issa Rae appearing as extras.

In 2015, Apple Music and their ad agency Translation hired DuVernay to helm a series of three commercials starring Mary J. Blige, Taraji P. Henson and Kerry Washington. The first ad, Chapter 1, premiered during Fox's Emmy broadcast on September 20, 2015.[74] Chapter 2 and Chapter 3 debuted in November 2015 and February 2016, respectively.[75]

Her music video for the Jay-Z ft. Beyoncé song "Family Feud" premiered December 29, 2017 on Tidal.[76]

Film distribution and production

{{main|ARRAY}}

In 2010 DuVernay founded African-American Film Festival Releasing Movement (AFFRM), her own company to distribute films made by or focusing on black people. DuVernay refers to AFFRM as "not so much a business, but a call to action."[77] Although she sees building strong business foundations for films is a priority, DuVernay has said that she stresses that the driving force of the organization is activism.[91] In 2015 the company rebranded itself under the name ARRAY, promising a new focus on women filmmakers as well.

DuVernay also owns Forward Movement, a film and television production company.[78]

Future projects

In 2013, she announced development on a narrative feature film entitled Part of the Sky and set in Compton.[79]

In 2015, it was announced that DuVernay would be writing, producing, and directing a fictional account which will focus on the "social and environmental" aspects of Hurricane Katrina while including a love story and a murder mystery.[80] David Oyelowo was said to be part of the project.[81]

In 2018, it was announced that DuVernay would be directing a New Gods film for the DC Extended Universe.[82]

On October 29, 2018 it was announced that DuVernay would be working with the estate of Prince to direct a biopic covering his entire life, for Netflix.[83]

Other work

In September 2013, DuVernay started a podcast series called The Call-In,[84] a series of phone conversations recorded by AFFRM of Black filmmakers of feature narrative and documentary work.

On March 14, 2015, DuVernay gave a keynote address[85] at the 2015 SXSW Film Festival.[86][87] In the speech, she shared that she was the seventh choice of people asked to direct Selma[88] and described her experience at the 2015 Oscars, while being an honor to be able to attend, it was just "a room in L.A."[89]

In February 2018 it was announced that DuVernay, along with producer Dan Lin and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti, had launched the Evolve Entertainment Fund. The fund's mission is to promote inclusion and provide an opportunity for under-served communities to pursue a dream in the entertainment industry.[90]

Style and themes

Michael T. Martin says, "DuVernay is among the vanguard of a new generation of African American filmmakers who are the busily undeterred catalyst for what may very well be a black film renaissance in the making."[78] He further speaks of DuVernay's mission and "call to action" which constitutes a strategy "to further and foster the black cinematic image in an organized and consistent way, and to not have to defer and ask permission to traffic our films: to be self-determining."[78]

Filmography

Film

YearTitleCredited asNotes
Director Story writer Screenwriter Producer
2006 Saturday Night Life {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{no}} Short film
2007 Compton in C Minor {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}} {{yes}} Documentary film
2008 This is the Life:
How the West Was One		 {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{yes}} Documentary film
2010 I Will Follow {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{yes}}
2012 Middle of Nowhere {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{yes}}
2013 The Door {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{yes}} Short film
2013 Say Yes {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{no}} Short film[91]
2014 Selma {{yes}} {{no}}Uncredited}}Executive}}
2016 August 28:
A Day in the Life of a People		 {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{yes}} Documentary short film
2016 13th {{yes}} colspan="2" {{yes}} {{yes}} Documentary film
Co-writer with Spencer Averick
2018 A Wrinkle in Time {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}} {{no}}
{{TBA}}New Gods {{yes}} {{yes}} {{no}} {{no}} Co-story writer with Kario Salem

Television

YearTitleRoleNotes
2010TV One Night Only: Live from the Essence Music FestivalDirector and writerTelevision documentary
2010My Mic Sounds Nice: A Truth About Women and Hip HopDirector and executive producerTelevision documentary
2010Essence Presents: Faith Through the StormDirector, writer and producerTelevision documentary
2013Venus Vs.Director and writerTelevision documentary
2013HelloBeautiful Interludes Live: John LegendDirectorTelevision documentary
2013ScandalDirectorEpisode "Vermont is for Lovers, Too"
2015For JusticeDirector and executive producerUnaired television pilot
2016–presentQueen SugarCreator, writer (4 episodes), director (2 episodes) and executive producerTelevision series
2019When They See UsCreator, writer, director and executive producerTelevision miniseries
2019The Red LineExecutive producerTelevision series

Commercials

YearTitleRoleNotes
2015–2016Chapter 1, Chapter 2, Chapter 3Director Apple Music

Music video

YearTitleRoleNotes
2017Family FeudDirector, writer and producerMusic video for Jay-Z ft. Beyoncé

Awards, nominations, honors

  • In 2012, Variety featured DuVernay in its Women's Impact Report.
  • In June 2013, she was invited to both the director's and writer's branches of AMPAS.[92] DuVernay was only the second black woman, following Kasi Lemmons, to be invited to the director's branch.
  • DuVernay became the inaugural recipient of the Tribeca Film Institute's Heineken Affinity Award, receiving a $20,000 prize and industry support for future projects. DuVernay donated all the money to AFFRM, the black arthouse film collective she founded.[93]
  • In June 2015, Duvernay was honored as part of Women in Film Crystal + Lucy Awards with the Dorothy Arzner Directors Award.[94]
  • In April 2015 DuVernay was chosen as one of Mattel's "Sheros" of 2015. As such a custom-made one-of-a-kind Barbie in DuVernay's likeness was produced. The doll was auctioned off with the proceeds given to charity.[95] Due to high demand, a collectible version of the doll was produced and sold in December of that year.[96]
  • In 2016, DuVernay was named to Oprah Winfrey's SuperSoul 100 list of visionaries and influential leaders[97]
  • In 2017, DuVernay became the first black woman nominated for an Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature, for her film 13th.[98][99]
  • In 2017, DuVernay was the recipient of Smithsonian Magazine's American Ingenuity Award for Visual Arts.[100]
  • In 2018, DuVernay won Entertainer of the Year at the 49th NAACP Image Awards for her work in 2017.[101]
  • PETA declared DuVernay and actor Benedict Cumberbatch to be the Most Beautiful Vegan Celebs of 2018.[102]
YearAwardCategoryWorkResult
2011African-American Film CriticsBest ScreenplayI Will Follow{{won}}
2012Black Reel AwardsBest Screenplay{{nom}}
Best Director{{nom}}
NAACP Image AwardsOutstanding Independent Motion Picture{{nom}}
Sundance Film FestivalDirecting AwardMiddle of Nowhere{{won}}
Grand Jury Prize{{nom}}
Film Independent Spirit AwardsIndependent Spirit John Cassavetes Award{{won}}
Humanitas PrizeSundance Film{{nom}}
African-American Film CriticsBest Independent Film{{won}}
Best Screenplay{{won}}
Best Picture{{nom}}
Alliance of Women Film JournalistsBest Woman Screenwriter{{nom}}
Women Film Critics CircleJosephine Baker Award{{won}}
2013Black Reel AwardsBest Director{{won}}
Best Screenplay{{won}}
Best Film{{nom}}
Gotham AwardsBest Feature{{nom}}
2014Online Film Critics Society AwardBest DirectorSelma{{nom}}
Black Film Critics CircleBest Director{{won}}[103]
Central Ohio Film Critics AssociationBest Director{{won}}
Breakthrough Film Artist{{won}}
Dallas-Fort Worth Film Critics Association AwardBest Director{{nom}}
Georgia Film Critics AssociationBest Director{{nom}}
Breakthrough Award{{nom}}
Golden Globe AwardBest Director{{nom}}
Alliance of Women Film JournalistsBest Director{{nom}}
Best Woman Director{{won}}
Female Icon of the Year{{won}}
Critics' Choice Movie AwardsBest Director{{nom}}
Satellite AwardsBest Director{{nom}}
Film Independent Spirit AwardsBest Director{{nom}}
African-American Film Critics AssociationBest Director{{won}}
Black Reel AwardsBlack Reel Award for Best Director{{won}}
NAACP Image AwardOutstanding Director{{nom}}
Online Film Critics SocietyBest Director{{nom}}
Washington D.C. Area Film Critics Association AwardsBest Director{{nom}}
2016Grammy AwardsBest Compilation Soundtrack for Visual Media{{nom}}
Alliance of Women Film JournalistsBest Woman Director13th{{won}}
Outstanding Achievement by a Woman in the Film Industry{{won}}
Black Reel AwardsBest Film{{Nominated}}
Best Feature Documentary {{Won}}
Critics' Choice Documentary AwardsBest Director (TV/Streaming){{won}}
Women Film Critics CircleBest Woman Storyteller (Screenwriting Award){{won}}
Courage in Filmmaking{{won}}
2017Academy AwardBest Documentary Feature{{Nominated}}
Primetime Emmy AwardOutstanding Documentary or Nonfiction Special{{won}}
Outstanding Directing for Nonfiction Programming{{nom}}
Outstanding Writing for Nonfiction Programming{{won}}

DuVernay test

{{main|Bechdel test}}

The "DuVernay test" is the race equivalent of the Bechdel test (for women in movies), as suggested by New York Times film critic Manohla Dargis in January 2016, asking whether "African-Americans and other minorities have fully realized lives rather than serve as scenery in white stories."[104] It aims to point out the lack of people of color in Hollywood movies, through a measure of their importance to a particular movie or the lack of a gratuitous link to white actors.[105]

References

1. ^{{cite news|first1=Gene|last1=Demby|title=Sundance 2012: Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman To Win Best Director Prize For Middle Of Nowhere|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/30/ava-duvernay-sundance_n_1241286.html|work=The Huffington Post|date=January 30, 2012}}
2. ^{{cite news|first1=Mindy|last1=Farabee|title=Ava DuVernay no longer in 'Middle of Nowhere'|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2012/dec/20/entertainment/la-et-mn-middle-of-nowhere-ava-duvernay-20121220|work=Los Angeles Times|date=December 20, 2012}}
3. ^{{cite news|last1=Ford|first1=Rebecca|title=Golden Globes: 'Selma's' Ava DuVernay Becomes First Black Woman to Receive Director Nomination|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/golden-globes-selmas-ava-duvernay-756511|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=December 11, 2014}}
4. ^{{cite news|last1=Suskind|first1=Alex|title=How Ava DuVernay struck a chord with Selma|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2014/dec/17/ava-duvernay-film-director-selma|work=The Guardian|date=December 17, 2014}}
5. ^1 2 {{cite news|last1=Keegan|first1=Rebecca|title=With 'A Wrinkle In Time,' Ava DuVernay will pass a milestone|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/la-et-mn-wrinkle-budget-20160803-snap-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=August 3, 2016}}
6. ^{{cite news|title=Ava DuVernay becomes first black woman to direct a $100 million movie|url=http://www.chicagotribune.com/entertainment/movies/ct-ava-duvernay-black-milestone-20180622-story.html|work=Chicago Tribune|agency=Associated Press|date=June 22, 2018}}
7. ^{{cite news|last1=Cunningham|first1=Todd|title=Ava DuVernay Reviews 'Straight Outta Compton' in 18 Tweets: 'They Got It Right'|url=http://www.thewrap.com/ava-duvernay-reviews-straight-outta-compton-in-18-tweets-they-got-it-right/|work=TheWrap|date=August 16, 2015}}
8. ^{{cite news|last1=Simon|first1=Bob|title=Where 'Selma' Meets Hollywood|url=http://www.cbsnews.com/news/selma-ava-duvernay-60-minutes/|work=60 Minutes|publisher=CBS News|date=February 8, 2015|format=TV interview/segment}}
9. ^{{cite news|last1=Edwards|first1=Gavin|title=We Shall Overcome: Ava DuVernay on Making 'Selma'|url=https://www.rollingstone.com/movies/features/ava-duvernay-on-making-selma-20150105|work=Rolling Stone|date=January 5, 2015}}
10. ^{{cite web|title=SJ Alumna Receives A Golden Globe Nomination|url=https://www.sj-jester.org/apps/news/article/425495|work=St. Joseph's High School|accessdate=January 13, 2015}}
11. ^1 {{cite web|title=Ava DuVernay Biography: Documentarian, Screenwriter, Director (1972–)|url=https://www.biography.com/people/ava-duvernay|date=February 27, 2018|work=Biography}}
12. ^1 2 {{cite news|first1=Bekah|last1=Wright|title=Direct Actio|url=http://magazine.ucla.edu/depts/style/direct-action/|work=UCLA Magazine|publisher=University of California, Los Angeles|date=October 1, 2012}}
13. ^{{cite news|last1=Traister|first1=Rebecca|title=In Conversation: Ava DuVernay|url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/09/ava-duvernay-the-13th-queen-sugar-c-v-r.html|work=The Cut|publisher=New York|date=September 19, 2016}}
14. ^1 2 3 {{cite web|last1=Miles|first1=Ellene V.|title=Agoralumiere Film Series: Saturday Night by Ava DuVernay (USA)|url=http://www.agoralumiere.org/FILMS/SATURDAY.htm|work=Agoralumiere at the Cannes Film Festival 2006|date=2006|format=Press release}}
15. ^{{cite news|last1=Yuan|first1=Jada|title=With Her MLK Drama Selma, Ava DuVernay Is Directing History|url=http://www.vulture.com/2014/12/ava-duvernay-on-the-long-road-to-selma.html|work=Vulture|date=2 December 2014|language=en}}
16. ^{{cite news|first1=Alicia W.|last1=Stewart|title=Filmmaker Ava DuVernay uses a lens of legacy|url=http://inamerica.blogs.cnn.com/2012/10/25/filmmaker-ava-duvernay-uses-a-lens-of-legacy/|work=CNN|date=October 25, 2012|format=Includes video and transcript}}
17. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Rickey|first1=Carrie|title=She's a Graduate of an Unusual Film School|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2012/10/07/movies/ava-duvernay-and-middle-of-nowhere.html|work=The New York Times|date=October 5, 2012}}
18. ^{{cite news|first1=Nekisa|last1=Cooper|title=Love on the Outside|url=https://filmmakermagazine.com/57145-love-on-the-outside/|work=Filmmaker|date=November 1, 2012}}
19. ^{{cite news|first1=Da'ryl|last1=Victoria|title=Breaking Barriers: Ava DuVernay Directs Things Her Way|url=http://thesource.com/2016/03/23/breaking-barriers-ava-duvernay-directs-things-her-way/|work=The Source|date=March 23, 2016}}
20. ^{{cite news|last1=Pollard-Terry|first1=Gayle|title=Style videos could start a new wave of good hair days|url=http://articles.latimes.com/2003/jul/05/entertainment/et-pollard5|work=Los Angeles Times|date=July 5, 2003}}
21. ^{{cite news|last1=Mitchell|first1=Gail|title=Firms Create Novel Marketing Twists|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0REEAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA32|work=Billboard|date=November 1, 2003}}
22. ^{{cite web|title=DVA Media + Marketing|url=http://www.dvahq.com/home.html|accessdate=February 4, 2018}}
23. ^1 {{cite news|title=HelloBeautiful.com Premieres Interludes Live! With Superstar John Legend On TV One Saturday Sep 14th @ 10 PM|url=https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/hellobeautifulcom-premieres-interludes-live-with-superstar-john-legend-on-tv-one-saturday-sep-14th--10-pm-223670451.html|work=Interactive One|date=September 13, 2013|format=Press release}}
24. ^{{cite news|first1=Kam|last1=Williams|title=Ava DuVernay 'This Is the Life' Interview with Kam Williams|url=https://newsblaze.com/entertainment/interviews/ava-duvernay-this-is-life-interview-with-kam-williams_8672/|work=NewsBlaze|date=March 17, 2009}}
25. ^{{cite news|last1=Brown|first1=Emma|title=In the Middle of Somewhere with Ava DuVernay and Emayatzy Corinealdi|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/film/ava-duvernay-emayatzy-corinealdi/|work=Interview|date=October 11, 2012}}
26. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/37878-middle-of-nowhere-writer-director-ava-duvernay/|title=Middle of Nowhere – Writer/Director Ava DuVernay|work=Filmmaker|date=January 20, 2012}}
27. ^{{cite news|last1=Ebert|first1=Roger|title=I Will Follow (2010). Genres: Drama. Roger's Office: I Will Follow|url=http://www.ebertpresents.com/movies/i-will-follow/videos/78|work=At the Movies|date=2012|format=Video includes transcript}}
28. ^{{cite news|last1=Ebert|first1=Roger|title=I Will Follow|url=https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/i-will-follow-2011|work=RogerEbert.com|date=March 8, 2011}}
29. ^{{cite news|last1=Fernandez|first1=Jay A.|title=Sundance Preview: Competition Drama 'Middle of Nowhere'|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/risky-business/sundance-preview-competition-drama-middle-280261|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 10, 2012}}
30. ^{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Celia L.|title=Ava DuVernay Wins Independent Spirit Award for 'Middle of Nowhere'|url=https://www.essence.com/2013/02/24/ava-duvernay-wins-independent-spirit-award-middle-nowhere|work=Essence|date=February 24, 2013}}
31. ^{{cite news|last1=Davis|first1=Rachaell|title=Why Is August 28 So Special To Black People? Ava DuVernay Reveals All In New NMAAHC Film|url=http://www.essence.com/2016/09/22/ava-duvernay-premiere-nmaahc|work=Essence|date=September 22, 2016}}
32. ^{{cite news|last1=Obenson|first1=Tambay|title=Huge! Ava DuVernay Tapped By Brad Pitt's Plan B To Take Over Lee Daniels' 'Selma'|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/huge-ava-duvernay-tapped-by-brad-pitts-plan-b-to-take-over-lee-daniels-selma|work=IndieWire|date=July 11, 2013}}
33. ^{{cite news|first1=Kevin|last1=Jagernauth|title=Ava DuVernay's 'Selma' Enters Oscar Race, Sets Christmas Day Release|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/theplaylist/ava-duvernays-selma-enters-oscar-race-sets-christmas-day-release-20140620|work=IndieWire|date=June 20, 2014}}
34. ^{{cite news|last1=Hornaday|first1=Ann|title=DuVernay, David Oyelowo on breaking Martin Luther King Jr. out of myth and into life|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/lifestyle/style/ava-duvernay-david-oyelowo-on-breaking-martin-luther-king-jr-out-of-myth-and-into-life/2014/12/25/0caceefc-8b71-11e4-a085-34e9b9f09a58_story.html|work=The Washington Post|date=December 26, 2014}}
35. ^{{cite news|last1=Brody|first1=Richard|title=The Crucial Lessons of Democracy in "Selma"|url=http://www.newyorker.com/culture/richard-brody/crucial-lessons-democracy-selma|work=The New Yorker|date=December 29, 2014}}
36. ^{{cite news|last1=Milliken|first1=Mary|title='Selma' director makes history before awards are bestowed|url=https://www.reuters.com/article/2015/01/06/film-selma-duvernay-idUSL1N0UK2C920150106|work=Reuters|date=January 6, 2015}}
37. ^{{cite news|last1=Harris|first1=Mark|title=How 'Selma' Got Smeared: On historical drama and its malcontents|url=http://grantland.com/features/selma-oscars-academy-awards-historical-accuracy-controversy/|work=Grantland|date=January 28, 2015}}
38. ^1 {{cite news|last1=Goodman|first1=Amy|last2=DuVernay|first2=Ava|title=Selma Director Ava DuVernay on Hollywood's Lack of Diversity, Oscar Snub and #OscarsSoWhite Hashtag|url=https://www.democracynow.org/2015/1/27/selma_director_ava_duvernay_on_hollywoods|work=Democracy Now!|date=January 27, 2015|format=Video interview includes transcript}}
39. ^{{cite news|title=List of 87th Academy Award Winners|url=http://abcnews.go.com/Entertainment/wireStory/partial-list-oscar-winners-29149735|agency=Associated Press|work=ABC News|date=February 23, 2015}}
40. ^{{cite news|last1=Ontiveros|first1=Roberto|title=Oscars 2015: A Look at Biggest Latino Oscar Winners of the Past|url=https://www.latinpost.com/articles/39035/20150222/http-admin-latinpost-com-pages-publish-publish-form-php-se-mb-no-138-getstring-se-mb-no-3d138-26amp-3b.htm|work=LatinPost|date=February 22, 2015}}
41. ^{{cite news|last1=Cox|first1=Gordon|title=2016 New York Film Festival to Open With Ava DuVernay Documentary 'The 13th'|url=https://variety.com/2016/film/news/new-york-film-festival-2016-opening-night-1201817239/|work=Variety|date=July 19, 2016}}
42. ^{{cite news|last1=Smith|first1=Nigel M.|title=The 13th: inside Ava DuVernay's Netflix prison documentary on racial inequality|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/sep/26/the-13th-trailer-ava-duvernay-netflix-prison-race|work=The Guardian|date=September 26, 2016}}
43. ^{{cite news|last1=Lockett|first1=Dee|title=Ava DuVernay's The 13th Will Be the First Documentary to Ever Open the New York Film Festival|url=http://www.vulture.com/2016/07/ava-duvernay-documentary-the-13th-to-open-nyff.html|work=Vulture|date=19 July 2016}}
44. ^{{cite web|title=13th (2016)|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/13th|work=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=September 30, 2016}}
45. ^{{cite web|title=Oscar Nominations|url=http://oscar.go.com/nominees|work=Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences|accessdate=January 24, 2017}}
46. ^{{cite news|first1=Patricia|last1=Garcia|title=Ava DuVernay Doesn't Want Praise, She Wants Change|url=https://www.vogue.com/article/ava-duvernay-oscar-nomination-oscars-so-male|work=Vogue|date=February 6, 2017}}
47. ^{{cite news|last1=Nordyke|first1=Kimberly|last2=Lewis|first2=Hilary|title=Peabody Awards: Norman Lear, 'Lemonade,' 'Atlanta,' 'Veep' Among Winners|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/peabody-awards-oj-made-america-13th-documentary-winners-995048|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=18 April 2017|language=en}}
48. ^{{Cite web|url=https://journalism.columbia.edu/winners-2018-dupont-columbia-awards|title=Winners of the 2018 duPont-Columbia Awards|last=|first=|date=|website=Columbia University in the City of New York|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|access-date=}}
49. ^{{cite news|url=http://screenrant.com/a-wrinkle-in-time-film-disne-benk-49886/|title=Script in the Works for 'A Wrinkle in Time'|work=Screen Rant|last=Kendrick|first=Ben|date=March 23, 2010}}
50. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/bedrock-taps-jeff-stockwell-adapt-21791|title=Bedrock taps Jeff Stockwell to adapt 'Wrinkle'|last=Fernandez|first=Jay|date=October 14, 2010|work=The Hollywood Reporter}}
51. ^{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2014/film/news/frozen-director-jennifer-lee-to-adapt-a-wrinkle-in-time-for-disney-exclusive-1201275488/|title='Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time' for Disney|last=McNary|first=Dave|date=August 5, 2014|work=Variety}}
52. ^{{cite news|last1=Han|first1=Angie|title='Frozen' Director Jennifer Lee to Adapt 'A Wrinkle in Time'|url=http://www.slashfilm.com/a-wrinkle-in-time-movie-jennifer-lee/|work=Slash Film|date=August 5, 2014}}
53. ^{{cite news|last1=Kit|first1=Borys|title=Lupita Nyong'o in Talks to Star in Sci-Fi Thriller With Ava DuVernay Eyed to Direct (Exclusive)|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/heat-vision/lupita-nyongo-talks-star-sci-863100|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 8, 2016}}
54. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.cnn.com/2018/03/12/entertainment/wrinkle-time-black-panther-trnd/index.html|title=This weekend was the first time films by black directors with mega budgets held the top 2 spots at the box office|last=CNN|first=Lisa Respers France,|work=CNN|date=12 March 2018}}
55. ^{{Cite news|url=https://finance.yahoo.com/news/lone-loser-disneys-big-quarter-wrinkle-time-220638977.html|title=The lone loser in Disney's big quarter: 'A Wrinkle in Time'|work=Yahoo! Finance|date=May 8, 2018}}
56. ^{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/wrinkle-in-time-reviews-roundup-critic-response-1202720742/|title='A Wrinkle in Time' Reviews: What the Critics Are Saying|author=Kirsten Chuba|date=March 7, 2018|work=Variety}}
57. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.philasun.com/entertainment/tv-one-features-specials-of-the-2010-essence-music-festival-washington-watch-and-life-after-aug-29-30/|title=TV One features specials of the 2010 Essence Music Festival, Washington Watch and Life After, Aug. 29-30|work=The Philadelphia Sunday Sun|date=August 29, 2010}}
58. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=129530573|title=Female Emcees Say 'My Mic Sounds Nice'|work=NPR|date=August 30, 2010}}
59. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.intrepidmedia.com/column.asp?id=4201|title=An Interview with Ava DuVernay|work=Intrepid Media|first=Jason|last=Gilmore|date=November 12, 2010}}
60. ^{{cite news|url=http://espn.go.com/espnw/nine-for-ix/8948839/nine-ix-film-summary-director-venus-vs|title=Nine for IX: 'Venus Vs.'|work=ESPN|date=June 26, 2013|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20130527074437/http://espn.go.com/espnw/nine-for-ix/8948839/nine-ix-film-summary-director-venus-vs|archivedate=May 27, 2013}}
61. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/ava-duvernay-will-direct-an-episode-of-scandal-next-season|title=Ava DuVernay Will Direct An Episode Of 'Scandal' Next Season|work=IndieWire|date=July 12, 2013|first=Tambay A.|last=Obenson}}
62. ^{{cite news|last1=Goldberg|first1=Lesley|title='Selma's' Ava DuVernay 'For Justice'|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/live-feed/selmas-ava-duvernay-justice-772276|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 10, 2015}}
63. ^{{cite news|last1=Andreeva|first1=Nellie|title=Oprah Winfrey To Co-Star In & Co-Create With 'Selma' Filmmaker Ava DuVernay 'Queen Sugar' OWN Drama Series|url=http://deadline.com/2015/02/oprah-winfrey-selma-filmmaker-ava-duvernay-queen-sugar-own-drama-series-1201364863/|work=Deadline Hollywood|date=February 2, 2015}}
64. ^{{cite news|last1=Wilson|first1=Stacey|title='Selma' Director Ava DuVernay on 'Awkward and Weird' First Meeting With Oprah Winfrey|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/selma-director-ava-duvernay-awkward-774627|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=February 18, 2015}}
65. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.rottentomatoes.com/tv/queen_sugar/|title=Queen Sugar (2016 - 2017)|work=Rotten Tomatoes|accessdate=September 30, 2016}}
66. ^{{cite news|url=http://deadline.com/2016/08/oprah-winfrey-ava-duvernay-queen-sugar-gets-season-2-renewal-own-1201796851/|title=Ava DuVernay-Directed 'Queen Sugar' Gets Season 2 Pickup From OWN – TCA|last=Patten|first=Dominic|date=August 1, 2016|work=Deadline Hollywood}}
67. ^{{cite news|url=http://shadowandact.com/2016/08/01/own-renews-queen-sugar-for-a-16-episode-second-season-ahead-of-its-season-1-premiere/|title=OWN Gives 'Queen Sugar' an Early 16-Episode Second Season Renewal + A New Trailer|date=August 1, 2016|work=Shadow and Act}}
68. ^{{cite news|url=http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/more-tv-news/queen-sugar-scores-season-3-renewal-on-own/|title='Queen Sugar' scores Season 3 renewal on OWN|last=Porter|first=Rick|date=July 26, 2017|work=TV by the Numbers}}
69. ^{{cite web|title="The Door" by Ava DuVernay: Women's Tales #5|url=http://www.miumiu.com/en/women_tales/5/film|work=Miu Miu|date=2014}}
70. ^{{cite news|last1=Small|first1=Rachel|title=Ava DuVernay Brings Us Through the Door|url=http://www.interviewmagazine.com/fashion/ava-duvernay-brings-us-through-the-door|work=Interview|date=February 11, 2013}}
71. ^{{cite news|last1=Rothe|first1=E. Nina|title=Best of Venice 70: 'Miu Miu Women's Tales' – The Door and Le Donne della Vucciri|url=http://www.huffingtonpost.com/e-nina-rothe/best-of-venice-70-miu-miu_b_3842140.html|work=Huffington Post|date=August 30, 2013}}
72. ^{{Vimeo|71992175|DuVernay | Say Yes}}, uploaded August 8, 2013.
73. ^{{cite news|title=Fashion Fair presents Say Yes by Ava DuVernay|url=http://www.ebony.com/style/fashion-fair-presents-say-yes-by-ava-duvernay-987|work=Ebony|date=August 16, 2013}}
74. ^{{cite news|last1=Diaz|first1=Ann-Christine|title=How Apple Music's Star-Studded Emmys Ad Came Together|url=http://adage.com/article/advertising/apple-s-star-studded-emmy-s-ad/300463/|work=AdAge|date=September 21, 2015}}
75. ^{{cite news|title=Ava DuVernay|url=http://creativity-online.com/credits/ava-duvernay/77188/1|work=Creativity|publisher=AdAge|date=2018}}
76. ^{{cite news|last1=Stefansky|first1=Emma|title=Jay-Z Confesses His Sins to Beyoncé in Ava DuVernay-Directed "Family Feud" Music Video|url=https://www.vanityfair.com/style/2017/12/jay-z-ava-duvernay-family-feud-music-video|work=Vanity Fair|date=December 30, 2017}}
77. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/08/movies/08urban.html|title=Building an Alliance to Aid Films by Blacks|date=January 7, 2011|work=The New York Times|last=Cieply|first=Michael}}
78. ^1 2 3 {{Cite journal|last=Martin|first=Michael T.|date=Fall 2014|title=Conversations with Ava DuVernay—"A Call to Action": Organizing Principles of an Activist Cinematic Practice|journal=Black Camera|volume=6|issue=1|pages=57–91|DOI=10.2979/blackcamera.6.1.57}}
79. ^{{cite web|work=Strutta|url=http://affinity.strutta.com/entry/1205618|title=Ava DuVernay | Heineken Affinity Award|deadurl=yes|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20141030220033/http://affinity.strutta.com/entry/1205618|archivedate=October 30, 2014}}
80. ^{{cite news|last=Rosenberg|first=Alyssa|title='Selma' criticism isn't stopping Ava DuVernay|url=https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2015/01/26/selma-criticism-cant-stop-ava-duvernay/|work=The Washington Post|date=January 26, 2015}}
81. ^{{cite news|last=Gettell|first=Oliver|title=Ava DuVernay, David Oyelowo to reunite on Hurricane Katrina drama|url=http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-ava-duvernay-david-oyelowo-hurricane-katrina-drama-20150126-story.html|work=Los Angeles Times|date=January 26, 2015}}
82. ^{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Ava DuVernay to Direct DC's Superhero Epic 'New Gods'|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/ava-duvernay-superhero-movie-new-gods-dc-1202725043/|work=Variety|date=March 16, 2018}}
83. ^https://www.theguardian.com/music/2018/oct/30/ava-duvernay-prince-documentary-netflix
84. ^{{cite news|last=Macaulay|first=Scott|title=Ava DuVernay and AFFRM Launch Podcast, 'The Call In,' with Andrew Dosumnu|url=http://filmmakermagazine.com/76243-ava-duvernay-and-affrm-launch-podcast-the-call-in-with-andrew-dosumnu/|work=Filmmaker|date=September 19, 2013}}
85. ^{{cite news|last=Setoodeh|first=Ramin|title='Selma's' Ava DuVernay: 'Studios Aren't Lining Up for Black Protagonists'|url=https://variety.com/2015/film/news/selmas-ava-duvernay-studios-arent-lining-up-for-black-protagonists-1201452855/|work=Variety|date=March 14, 2015}}
86. ^{{cite news|title=Ava DuVernay Keynote|url=http://schedule.sxsw.com/2015/events/event_FP991057|work=SXSW|date=March 2015}}
87. ^{{cite news|last=Obenson|first=Tambay A.|title=Watch Ava DuVernay's Rousing SXSW Keynote Address|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/watch-ava-duvernays-rousing-sxsw-keynote-address-20150317|work=IndieWire|date=March 17, 2015}}
88. ^{{cite news|last=Canfield|first=David|title=SXSW: The 7 Best Things We Learned From Ava DuVernay's Keynote Speech|url=http://www.indiewire.com/article/sxsw-the-7-best-things-we-learned-from-ava-duvernays-keynote-speech-20150318|work=IndieWire|date=March 18, 2015}}
89. ^{{cite news|last=Abramovitch|first=Seth|title=SXSW: Ava DuVernay Calls Oscars a "Room in L.A." at Rousing Keynote|url=http://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/sxsw-ana-duvernay-calls-oscars-781521|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=March 14, 2015}}
90. ^{{cite news|last1=McNary|first1=Dave|title=Ava DuVernay, Dan Lin, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti Launch Inclusion Fund|url=https://variety.com/2018/film/news/ava-duvernay-dan-lin-eric-garcetti-inclusion-1202695182/|work=Variety|date=12 February 2018|language=en-US}}
91. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.ebony.com/style/fashion-fair-presents-say-yes-by-ava-duvernay-987 |title=Fashion Fair presents SAY YES by Ava DuVernay|work=Ebony|date=August 16, 2013}}
92. ^{{cite news|url=https://variety.com/2013/film/news/film-academy-invites-276-new-members-1200502837/|title=Film Academy Invites 276 New Members|work=Variety|date=June 28, 2013|first=Jon|last=Weisman}}
93. ^{{cite news|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/shadowandact/tribeca-film-institutes-inaugural-heineken-affinity-award-goes-to-ava-duvernay-20-000-industry-support|title=Tribeca Film Institute's Inaugural Heineken Affinity Award Goes To Ava DuVernay ($20,000 + Industry Support)|work=IndieWire|date=April 21, 2013}}
94. ^{{cite news|last=Kang|first=Inkoo|title=Nicole Kidman, Ava DuVernay, Jill Soloway Among Women in Film's 2015 Crystal + Lucy Awardees|url=http://blogs.indiewire.com/womenandhollywood/nicole-kidman-ava-duvernay-jill-soloway-among-women-in-films-2015-crystal-lucy-awardees-20150331|work=IndieWire|date=March 31, 2015}}
95. ^{{cite news|last=Lee|first=Benjamin|title=Holding out for a Shero: Selma director Ava DuVernay gets her own Barbie doll|url=https://www.theguardian.com/film/2015/apr/24/holding-out-for-a-shero-selma-director-ava-duvernay-gets-her-own-barbie-doll|work=The Guardian|date=April 24, 2015}}
96. ^{{cite news|last=Cunningham|first=Todd|title=Ava DuVernay Barbie Doll to Go on Sale Monday, Director Says|url=https://www.thewrap.com/ava-duvernay-barbie-doll-to-go-on-sale-monday-director-says/|work=TheWrap|date=December 6, 2015}}
97. ^{{cite news |last= |first= |date=August 1, 2016|title=Meet the SuperSoul100: The World's Biggest Trailblazers in One Room |url=http://www.oprah.com/spirit/supersoul100-the-worlds-biggest-trailblazers-in-one-room |work= O, The Oprah Magazine}}
98. ^{{cite news|first=Jenelle|last=Riley|url=https://variety.com/2017/film/news/2017-oscars-diversity-denzel-washington-viola-davis-octavia-spencer-1201968125/|title=2017 Oscars: Diversity Makes Comeback, Record Six Black Actor Nominees|work=Variety|date=October 3, 2016}}
99. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.heraldextra.com/best-documentary-feature/article_5222cb03-b20d-5fa7-923b-3ae5950221d2.html|title=Best Documentary Feature|work=Daily Herald|date=January 18, 2017}}
100. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.smithsonianmag.com/ingenuity/ceremonies/2017-winners/|title=2017 American Ingenuity Award Winners|work=Smithsonian|access-date=2018-10-15}}
101. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/lists/2018-naacp-image-award-winners-complete-list-1064208|title=NAACP Image Awards: Full List of Winners|work=The Hollywood Reporter|date=January 14, 2018}}
102. ^{{cite news|last1=Furdyk|first1=Brent|title=Benedict Cumberbatch, Ava DuVernay Named PETA's 'Most Beautiful Vegan Celebs' Of 2018|url=https://etcanada.com/news/346447/benedict-cumberbatch-ava-duvernay-named-petas-most-beautiful-vegan-celebs-of-2018/|work=ET Canada|date=11 July 2018}}
103. ^{{cite news|last=Tapley|first=Kristopher|url=http://www.hitfix.com/in-contention/selma-dominates-black-film-critics-circle-awards|title='Selma' dominates Black Film Critics Circle awards|work=HitFix|date=December 23, 2014}}
104. ^{{cite news|last=Dargis|first=Manohla|title=Sundance Fights Tide With Films Like 'The Birth of a Nation'|url=https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/30/movies/sundance-fights-tide-with-films-like-the-birth-of-a-nation.html|work=The New York Times|date=January 29, 2016}}
105. ^{{cite news|url=https://www.thecut.com/2016/02/could-this-be-the-bechdel-test-for-race.html|title=Could This Be the Bechdel Test for Race|last=Evans|first=Dayna|date=February 1, 2016|work=The Cut|publisher=New York}}

External links

{{Commons category|Ava DuVernay}}
  • {{Official website|www.avaduvernay.com}}
  • {{Twitter}}
  • {{IMDb name|1148550}}
  • Ava DuVernay at Women Who Make America
{{Ava DuVernay}}{{BAFTA Los Angeles Britannia Awards}}{{Black Reel Award for Outstanding Director}}{{Authority control}}{{DEFAULTSORT:DuVernay, Ava}}

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