| 词条 | Awdalland |
| 释义 |
|conventional_long_name = Awdalland |native_name = {{big|أرض أودال}} |common_name = Awdalland |image_flag = Flag of Awdalland.svg |image_coat = |image_map = Somalia regions map Awdal.svg |map_caption = Location of Awdal in Somalia. |national_motto = |national_anthem = Soomaaliyeey toosoo |official_languages = {{hlist |Somali |Arabic}} |capital = Borama |coordinates = {{Coord|9|55|N|43|10|E|type:city}} |government_type = |leader_title1 = President |leader_name1 = Mahdi Isaaq |area_rank = |area_magnitude = |area_km2 = 6122 |area_sq_mi = |percent_water = |population_estimate = |population_estimate_year = |population_estimate_rank = |population_census = |population_census_year = |population_density_km2 = |population_density_sq_mi = |population_density_rank = |GDP_PPP_year = |GDP_PPP = |GDP_PPP_rank = |GDP_PPP_per_capita = |GDP_PPP_per_capita_rank = |Gini_year = |Gini_change = |Gini = |Gini_ref = |Gini_rank = |HDI_year = |HDI_change = |HDI = |HDI_ref = |HDI_rank = |sovereignty_type = Autonomy |sovereignty_note = Federal Republic of Somalia |established_event1 = Proclaimed |established_date1 = 2009 |established_event2 = Recognition |established_date2 = unrecognized |currency = Somali shilling |currency_code = SOS |time_zone = EAT |utc_offset = +3 |time_zone_DST = not observed |utc_offset_DST = +3 |calling_code = +252 {{small|(Somalia)}} |cctld = .so {{small|(Somalia)}} |iso3166code = SO |footnotes = Rankings may not be available because of Awdalland's unrecognized de facto state. }}Awdalland ({{lang-so|Awdalland}} {{lang-ar|{{big|أرض أودال}}}}) is a region in Northwestern Somaliland, centered on Borama, the capital of the Awdal province. History{{main|Adel Sultanate}}Awdalland (also spelled Adelland) takes its name from the Adel Sultanate, a medieval empire which rose to power during the 16th century. The area along the Ethiopian border is abundant with ruined cities. These cities were described by Richard F. Burton, a British explorer in 1856, as the first footsteps in East Africa and by A. T. Curle as the unsolved riddle of Africa.[1] In 1995, after the collapse of the Somali central government, a local separatist movement known as the "Awdal Republic" or "Awdalland Republic" briefly sought independence.[2] In 2009, the formation of a new autonomous region within a federalist Somalia was officially declared. Referred to as "Awdalland" or the Adel State, the local administration does not recognize the secessionist Somaliland government's claim to sovereignty or to its territory.[3][4] In 2011, Zeila & Lughaya State and its capital town, Zeila, declared it would not recognize the power of the Somaliland government. . However, the government of Somaliland soon regained some kind of control of the territory. The territory has a total area of 8,566 km2 (3,307 square mi). Its main city is Zeila, which is situated on the coast. Lughaya, Asha Addo, Harirad, Jidhi and Lawyacado are the other principal cities in the region. DemographicsThe Awdal region of Awdalland is primarily inhabited by Somalis from the Gadabuursi clans.[5][6] References1. ^A. T. Curle (1937). The Ruined Cities of Somaliland, pp. 315–327. Antiquity 2. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/awdal.html |title=Awdal "Republic": Declaration of Independence, [Somalia] |publisher=University of Pennsylvania – African Studies Center |accessdate=2007-01-29 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20070214055627/http://www.africa.upenn.edu/Hornet/awdal.html |archivedate=14 February 2007 |deadurl=no}} 3. ^{{cite news|title=The Declaration of Adel State |url=http://www.lughaya.com/archives/4612 |accessdate=24 June 2014 |newspaper=Lughaya |date=8 September 2009 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140714201621/http://www.lughaya.com/archives/4612 |archivedate=14 July 2014 |df= }} 4. ^{{cite news|title=Awdalland Deserves Recognition – New Song (Daawo)|url=http://ssctimes.com/?p=1447|accessdate=6 December 2013|newspaper=SSC Times|date=7 August 2010|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20160304033252/http://ssctimes.com/?p=1447|archive-date=2016-03-04|dead-url=yes|df=}} 5. ^{{cite book |last1=Battera |first1=Federico |others=Walter Dostal, Wolfgang Kraus (ed.) |title=Shattering Tradition: Custom, Law and the Individual in the Muslim Mediterranean |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PP1#v=onepage&q=&f=false |accessdate=2010-03-18 |year=2005 |publisher=I.B. Taurus |location=London |isbn=1-85043-634-7 |page=296 |chapter=Chapter 9: The Collapse of the State and the Resurgence of Customary Law in Northern Somalia |chapterurl=https://books.google.com/books?id=Pos3wAofV4UC&lpg=PP1&pg=PA278#v=onepage&q=&f=false |quote=Awdal is mainly inhabited by the Issa tribe and few Gadabuursi confederation of clans. While the Issa is concentrated in largest part of Awdal region {{Zeila, Lughaya, Harirad and other cities}} and The Gadaabursi are concentrated in Borama and Baki area....}} 6. ^{{cite book|title=Northeast African Studies, Volume 9|year=1987|publisher=Michigan State University|page=35|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=s3kMAQAAMAAJ|quote=…the new 'Awdal' region almost entirely inhabited by Samaroon.}} External links
5 : Awdalland|States of Somalia|Politics of Somalia|States and territories established in 2010|2010 establishments in Somalia |
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