“Bahr el Gazel (region of Chad)”的意思、由来-开放百科全书

Geography

Chad has a general elevation of {{convert|240|m|ft|abbr=on}} in Lake Chad Depression towards Guera massif located at an elevation of {{convert|1800|m|ft|abbr=on}} and eastwards towards mountainous Saharan region of {{convert|3350|m|ft|abbr=on}}. The only rivers in the country of importance are Chari and Logone, flowing into Lake Chad. The region receives an annual rainfall of {{convert|744|mm|in|abbr=on}} and has vegetational zones. The region is the principal agricultural segment in the whole country, producing cotton and groundnut, the two main cashcrops of the country. There are a variety of local crops like rice are also grown in the region.^[1]

Demographics

Per the census of 2009, the population of the region was 260,865, 46.30 per cent female. The average size of household as of 2009 is 5.90: 5.90 in rural households and 5.80 in urban areas. The total number of households was 43,478: 38,160 in rural areas and 5,318 in urban areas. The number of nomads in the region was 126,855, 32.70 per cent of the population. There were 257,804 people residing in private households. There were 111,278 above 18 years of age: 56,407 male and 54,871 female. The sex ratio was 116.00 females for every 100 males. There were 134,010 sedentary staff, 1.20 of the total population.^[2] Bahr el Gazel is one of the 23 regions of Chad and has the Head Post Office of the region is located in the capital. As of 2015, internet and telephone were limited and post was the primary mode of communication.^[3]

Local administration

Chad became independent in 1961 from the French Colonial Empire. On account of ensuing political instability and local civil wars, it continued as a one party democary till 1991, while other parties were also allowed. All the powers rested centrally with the President.^[4] As a part of decentralization in February 2003, the country is administratively split into regions, departments, municipalities and rural communities. The prefectures which were originally 14 in number were re-designated in 17 regions. The regions are administered by Governors appointed by the President. The Prefects, who originally held the responsibility of the 14 prefects, still retained the titles and were responsible for the administration of smaller departments in each region. The members of local assemblies are elected every six years, while the executive organs are elected every three years.^[5] As of 2016, there are totally 23 regions in Chad, which are divided based on population and administrative convenience.^[6]

The region of Barh El Gazel is divided into two departments. each listed with the name of its capital or main town (chef-lieu in French) and a list of sub-prefectures (sous-préfectures).^[7]^[8]

See also

References

1. ^{{cite book|title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC&pg=PA218&dq=chad+geography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP0cXZmbfQAhXKQo8KHVFACacQ6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=chad%20geography&f=false|page=218|chapter=Chad - Physical and Social Geography|last=Hilling|first=David|publisher=Psychology Press|year=2004|isbn=9781857431834}}
2. ^{{cite web|title=Census of Chad |url=http://chad.opendataforafrica.org/areounf/census-of-population-and-housing-chad-2009 |year=2009 |publisher=National Institute of Statistical, Economic and Demographic Studies, Chad |accessdate=17 November 2016 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042557/http://chad.opendataforafrica.org/areounf/census-of-population-and-housing-chad-2009 |archivedate=21 November 2016 }}
3. ^{{cite book|title=Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YjoVCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA251&lpg=PA251&dq=chad+23+regions&source=bl&ots=fKmD_1Dsie&sig=D3j1X4uQnzSGALgDfJwUMJL3nLg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU8un33rnQAhUJNo8KHZ8rBIcQ6AEIWzAQ#v=onepage&q=chad%2023%20regions&f=false|publisher=ABC-CLIO|year=2015|first1=Toyin |last1=Falola |first2=Daniel |last2=Jean-Jacques|page=251|isbn=9781598846669}}
4. ^{{cite web|title=Chad profile - Timeline|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13164690|date=2 August 2016|accessdate=20 November 2016|publisher=BBC}}
5. ^{{cite report|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf|page=9|title=Republic of Chad Public Administration and Country profile|format=PDF|accessdate=17 November 2016|publisher=Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), United Nations|year=2004}}
6. ^{{cite report|title=Chad district map|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/chad.pdf|format=PDF|accessdate=20 November 2016|publisher=Department of Field Support,Cartographic Section, United Nations}}
7. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://www.cefod.org/legitchad/web/texte/2695 | title = Décret 11-530 2011-06-01 PR/PM/MCD/11: Décret fixant le nombre des conseillers municipaux des Communes chefs-leix des Régions et des Départements |trans-title=Decree fixing the number of municipal councilors of Chief towns of Regions and of Departments | language = French | work = Légitchad | publisher = Republique du Tchad [Republic of Chad] | date = 1 June 2011 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cefod.org%2Flegitchad%2Fweb%2Ftexte%2F2695&date=2012-09-01 | archivedate = 1 September 2012}}
8. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://www.journaldutchad.com/files/communiques/18.pdf | title = List provisoire des candidats aux elections legislatives |trans-title=Provisional list of candidates for legislative elections | language = French | format = PDF | work = JournalDuTchad.com | publisher = Republique du Tchad - Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI) [Republic of Chad - National Independent Electoral Commission] | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journaldutchad.com%2Ffiles%2Fcommuniques%2F18.pdf&date=2012-09-01 | archivedate = 1 September 2012}}
9. ^¹{{cite web | url = http://ochaonline.un.org/chad/Cartotheque/Cartesdebase/tabid/3642/language/en-US/Default.aspx | title = Regions and departments of Chad (list and maps) |publisher= Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), United Nations | accessdate = 31 August 2012}}
10. ^¹²³{{cite web | url = http://www.estis.net/includes/file.asp?site=cien_td&file=D0947FC4-A889-4FDC-9252-CB919060AB29 | title = Profil National du Tchad sur la gestion des produits chimiques, Troisieme Edition |trans-title=National Profile of Chad on Chemicals Management, Third Edition | language = French | format = PDF | work = ESTIS.net | publisher = Republique du Tchad - Ministere de l'Environnement et des Ressources Halieutiques [Republic of Chad - Ministry of Environment and Water Resources] | date = September 2009 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estis.net%2Fincludes%2Ffile.asp%3Fsite%3Dcien_td%26file%3DD0947FC4-A889-4FDC-9252-CB919060AB29&date=2012-09-02 | archivedate = 2 September 2012}}
11. ^¹²³{{cite web | url = http://www.cefod.org/legitchad/web/texte/2710 | title = Décret 10-371 2010-04-02 PR/PM/2010: Décret portant désignation des Présidents des démembrements de la Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante |trans-title=Decree appointing the presidents of branches of the Independent National Electoral Commission | language = French | work = Légitchad | publisher = Republique du Tchad [Republic of Chad] | date = 2 April 2010 | archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cefod.org%2Flegitchad%2Fweb%2Ftexte%2F2710&date=2012-09-02 | archivedate = 2 September 2012}}
12. ^¹²{{cite web | url = http://www.presidencetchad.org/Decrets/decret_1071_12_2010.html | title = Décret n° 1071/PR/PM/MAT/2010 du 13 décembre 2010 | publisher = Présidence de la République du Tchad | date = 13 December 2010 | archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101218041054/http://www.presidencetchad.org/Decrets/decret_1071_12_2010.html | archivedate = 18 December 2010}}
13. ^¹{{cite web|url=http://www.presidencedutchad.org/Activites/Actes/Odonanceno%20002du19fev08.htm |title=Ordonnance n° 002/PR/08 portant restructuration de certaines collectivités territoriales décentralisées |trans-title=Ordinance No. 002/PR/08 on restructuring of certain decentralized local authorities |publisher=Government of Chad |date=19 February 2008 |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120100329/http://www.presidencedutchad.org/Activites/Actes/Odonanceno%20002du19fev08.htm |archivedate=January 20, 2012 }}
14. ^¹²{{cite web | url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-2_2010-06-30.pdf | title = ISO 3166-2 Newsletter No. II-2 | format = PDF | publisher = ISO | date = 30 June 2010}}

词条	Bahr el Gazel (region of Chad)
释义	Geography Demographics Local administration See also References External links {{Infobox settlement \| name = بحر الغزال Barh El Gazel \| native_name = {{unbulleted list\|{{native name\|ar\|منطقة بحر الغزال}}\|{{native name\|fr\|Région du Barh El Gazel}}}} \| native_name_lang = \| other_name = Barh El Gazal Bahr el Gazel \| settlement_type = Region \| image_skyline = Moussoro (8).jpg \| image_alt = 250px \| image_caption = \| image_flag = \| flag_alt = \| image_seal = \| seal_alt = \| image_shield = \| shield_alt = \| nickname = \| motto = \| image_map = Map of Barh El Gazel.jpg \| mapsize = 200px \| map_alt = \| map_caption = Map of Chad showing Barh El Gazel. \| pushpin_map = \| pushpin_label_position = \| pushpin_map_alt = \| pushpin_map_caption = \| coordinates = {{coord\|13\|38\|35\|N\|16\|29\|31\|E\|type:adm1st_region:TD\|display=inline,title}} \| coor_pinpoint = \| coordinates_footnotes = \| subdivision_type = Country \| subdivision_name = Chad \| subdivision_type1 = Departments \| subdivision_type2 = Sub-prefectures \| subdivision_type3 = \| subdivision_name1 = 2 \| subdivision_name2 = 7 \| subdivision_name3 = \| established_title = Region as of \| established_date = 2008 \| founder = \| seat_type = Regional capital \| seat = Moussoro \| government_footnotes = \| leader_party = \| leader_title = Gouverneur \| leader_name = Mahamat Nasser Hassan (2010)^[1] \| unit_pref = Metric \| area_footnotes = \| area_total_km2 = \| area_land_km2 = \| area_water_km2 = \| area_water_percent = \| area_note = \| elevation_footnotes = \| elevation_m = \| population_total = 260865 \| population_as_of = 2009 \| population_footnotes = \| population_density_km2 = auto \| population_demonym = \| population_note = \| timezone1 = \| utc_offset1 = \| timezone1_DST = \| utc_offset1_DST = \| postal_code_type = \| postal_code = \| area_code = \| area_code_type = \| iso_code = TD-BG^[3] \| website = \| footnotes = }}Barh El Gazel^[1]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8]^[9] ({{lang-ar\|منطقة بحر الغزال}}, {{lang-fr\|Région du Barh El Gazel}})^[8] is one of the 23 regions of Chad. The region's name may also be written as Barh El Gazal or Bahr el Gazel.^[3] Its capital is the town of Moussoro.^[7] The region was created in 2008 from the former Barh El Gazel Department of the Kanem Region.^[14] Per the census of 2009, the population of the region was 260,865, 46.30 per cent female. The average size of household as of 2009 is 5.90: 5.90 in rural households and 5.80 in urban areas. The number of nomads in the region was 126,855, 32.70 per cent of the total population. Geography Chad has a general elevation of {{convert\|240\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} in Lake Chad Depression towards Guera massif located at an elevation of {{convert\|1800\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}} and eastwards towards mountainous Saharan region of {{convert\|3350\|m\|ft\|abbr=on}}. The only rivers in the country of importance are Chari and Logone, flowing into Lake Chad. The region receives an annual rainfall of {{convert\|744\|mm\|in\|abbr=on}} and has vegetational zones. The region is the principal agricultural segment in the whole country, producing cotton and groundnut, the two main cashcrops of the country. There are a variety of local crops like rice are also grown in the region.^[1] Demographics Per the census of 2009, the population of the region was 260,865, 46.30 per cent female. The average size of household as of 2009 is 5.90: 5.90 in rural households and 5.80 in urban areas. The total number of households was 43,478: 38,160 in rural areas and 5,318 in urban areas. The number of nomads in the region was 126,855, 32.70 per cent of the population. There were 257,804 people residing in private households. There were 111,278 above 18 years of age: 56,407 male and 54,871 female. The sex ratio was 116.00 females for every 100 males. There were 134,010 sedentary staff, 1.20 of the total population.^[2] Bahr el Gazel is one of the 23 regions of Chad and has the Head Post Office of the region is located in the capital. As of 2015, internet and telephone were limited and post was the primary mode of communication.^[3] Local administration Chad became independent in 1961 from the French Colonial Empire. On account of ensuing political instability and local civil wars, it continued as a one party democary till 1991, while other parties were also allowed. All the powers rested centrally with the President.^[4] As a part of decentralization in February 2003, the country is administratively split into regions, departments, municipalities and rural communities. The prefectures which were originally 14 in number were re-designated in 17 regions. The regions are administered by Governors appointed by the President. The Prefects, who originally held the responsibility of the 14 prefects, still retained the titles and were responsible for the administration of smaller departments in each region. The members of local assemblies are elected every six years, while the executive organs are elected every three years.^[5] As of 2016, there are totally 23 regions in Chad, which are divided based on population and administrative convenience.^[6] The region of Barh El Gazel is divided into two departments. each listed with the name of its capital or main town (chef-lieu in French) and a list of sub-prefectures (sous-préfectures).^[7]^[8] See also 2010 Sahel famine Sahel drought Sahel Sahara desert Savana References 1. ^{{cite book\|title=Africa South of the Sahara 2004\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=jj4J-AXGDaQC&pg=PA218&dq=chad+geography&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjP0cXZmbfQAhXKQo8KHVFACacQ6AEITTAI#v=onepage&q=chad%20geography&f=false\|page=218\|chapter=Chad - Physical and Social Geography\|last=Hilling\|first=David\|publisher=Psychology Press\|year=2004\|isbn=9781857431834}} 2. ^{{cite web\|title=Census of Chad \|url=http://chad.opendataforafrica.org/areounf/census-of-population-and-housing-chad-2009 \|year=2009 \|publisher=National Institute of Statistical, Economic and Demographic Studies, Chad \|accessdate=17 November 2016 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20161121042557/http://chad.opendataforafrica.org/areounf/census-of-population-and-housing-chad-2009 \|archivedate=21 November 2016 }} 3. ^{{cite book\|title=Africa: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Culture and Society\|url=https://books.google.co.in/books?id=YjoVCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA251&lpg=PA251&dq=chad+23+regions&source=bl&ots=fKmD_1Dsie&sig=D3j1X4uQnzSGALgDfJwUMJL3nLg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjU8un33rnQAhUJNo8KHZ8rBIcQ6AEIWzAQ#v=onepage&q=chad%2023%20regions&f=false\|publisher=ABC-CLIO\|year=2015\|first1=Toyin \|last1=Falola \|first2=Daniel \|last2=Jean-Jacques\|page=251\|isbn=9781598846669}} 4. ^{{cite web\|title=Chad profile - Timeline\|url=https://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13164690\|date=2 August 2016\|accessdate=20 November 2016\|publisher=BBC}} 5. ^{{cite report\|url=http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/un/unpan023258.pdf\|page=9\|title=Republic of Chad Public Administration and Country profile\|format=PDF\|accessdate=17 November 2016\|publisher=Department of Economic and Social Affairs (DESA), United Nations\|year=2004}} 6. ^{{cite report\|title=Chad district map\|url=https://www.un.org/Depts/Cartographic/map/profile/chad.pdf\|format=PDF\|accessdate=20 November 2016\|publisher=Department of Field Support,Cartographic Section, United Nations}} 7. ^¹{{cite web \| url = http://www.cefod.org/legitchad/web/texte/2695 \| title = Décret 11-530 2011-06-01 PR/PM/MCD/11: Décret fixant le nombre des conseillers municipaux des Communes chefs-leix des Régions et des Départements \|trans-title=Decree fixing the number of municipal councilors of Chief towns of Regions and of Departments \| language = French \| work = Légitchad \| publisher = Republique du Tchad [Republic of Chad] \| date = 1 June 2011 \| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cefod.org%2Flegitchad%2Fweb%2Ftexte%2F2695&date=2012-09-01 \| archivedate = 1 September 2012}} 8. ^¹{{cite web \| url = http://www.journaldutchad.com/files/communiques/18.pdf \| title = List provisoire des candidats aux elections legislatives \|trans-title=Provisional list of candidates for legislative elections \| language = French \| format = PDF \| work = JournalDuTchad.com \| publisher = Republique du Tchad - Commission Electorale Nationale Indépendante (CENI) [Republic of Chad - National Independent Electoral Commission] \| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.journaldutchad.com%2Ffiles%2Fcommuniques%2F18.pdf&date=2012-09-01 \| archivedate = 1 September 2012}} 9. ^¹{{cite web \| url = http://ochaonline.un.org/chad/Cartotheque/Cartesdebase/tabid/3642/language/en-US/Default.aspx \| title = Regions and departments of Chad (list and maps) \|publisher= Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), United Nations \| accessdate = 31 August 2012}} 10. ^¹²³{{cite web \| url = http://www.estis.net/includes/file.asp?site=cien_td&file=D0947FC4-A889-4FDC-9252-CB919060AB29 \| title = Profil National du Tchad sur la gestion des produits chimiques, Troisieme Edition \|trans-title=National Profile of Chad on Chemicals Management, Third Edition \| language = French \| format = PDF \| work = ESTIS.net \| publisher = Republique du Tchad - Ministere de l'Environnement et des Ressources Halieutiques [Republic of Chad - Ministry of Environment and Water Resources] \| date = September 2009 \| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.estis.net%2Fincludes%2Ffile.asp%3Fsite%3Dcien_td%26file%3DD0947FC4-A889-4FDC-9252-CB919060AB29&date=2012-09-02 \| archivedate = 2 September 2012}} 11. ^¹²³{{cite web \| url = http://www.cefod.org/legitchad/web/texte/2710 \| title = Décret 10-371 2010-04-02 PR/PM/2010: Décret portant désignation des Présidents des démembrements de la Commission Électorale Nationale Indépendante \|trans-title=Decree appointing the presidents of branches of the Independent National Electoral Commission \| language = French \| work = Légitchad \| publisher = Republique du Tchad [Republic of Chad] \| date = 2 April 2010 \| archiveurl = https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cefod.org%2Flegitchad%2Fweb%2Ftexte%2F2710&date=2012-09-02 \| archivedate = 2 September 2012}} 12. ^¹²{{cite web \| url = http://www.presidencetchad.org/Decrets/decret_1071_12_2010.html \| title = Décret n° 1071/PR/PM/MAT/2010 du 13 décembre 2010 \| publisher = Présidence de la République du Tchad \| date = 13 December 2010 \| archiveurl = https://web.archive.org/web/20101218041054/http://www.presidencetchad.org/Decrets/decret_1071_12_2010.html \| archivedate = 18 December 2010}} 13. ^¹{{cite web\|url=http://www.presidencedutchad.org/Activites/Actes/Odonanceno%20002du19fev08.htm \|title=Ordonnance n° 002/PR/08 portant restructuration de certaines collectivités territoriales décentralisées \|trans-title=Ordinance No. 002/PR/08 on restructuring of certain decentralized local authorities \|publisher=Government of Chad \|date=19 February 2008 \|deadurl=yes \|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120120100329/http://www.presidencedutchad.org/Activites/Actes/Odonanceno%20002du19fev08.htm \|archivedate=January 20, 2012 }} 14. ^¹²{{cite web \| url = http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_3166-2_newsletter_ii-2_2010-06-30.pdf \| title = ISO 3166-2 Newsletter No. II-2 \| format = PDF \| publisher = ISO \| date = 30 June 2010}} ^[7]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11]^[12]^[13]^[14] }} External links {{Regions of Chad}} 2 : Bahr el Gazel Region\|Regions of Chad
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Geography

Demographics

Local administration

See also

References

External links