| 词条 | Baithéne mac Brénaind |
| 释义 |
| name = Saint Baithéne | birth_date = 536 | death_date = c. 600 | feast_day = 6 October | venerated_in = Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church | image = | imagesize = | caption = | birth_place = Ireland | death_place = Iona, Scotland | titles =Abbot of Iona | beatified_date = | beatified_place = | beatified_by = | canonized_date = | canonized_place = | canonized_by = | attributes = | patronage = | major_shrine = | suppressed_date = | issues = | prayer = | prayer_attrib = }} Baithéne mac Brénaind (or Saint Baithen) was an Irish monk, specially selected by Saint Columba as one of the band of missionaries who set sail for what is now Scotland in 563. Born in 536, the son of Brenan, he was an ardent disciple of Columba, and was appointed prior of Mag Luinge (also called Campus Luinge) or "plain of a ship," a monastery founded by Saint Columba of Iona,[1][2] on the island of Tiree. Saint Adomnán, in recording the death of Columba, tells us that, as he was transcribing the Psalms on one of his last days, he stated: "Here at the end of the page I must stop. Let Baithéne write what follows."[3] Baithéne was in high esteem as a wise counsellor, and his advice was sought by many Irish saints, including Saint Fintán of Taghmon. Abbey St Bathans in Berwickshire (south east Scotland) may be named after him. Most of what is known about him comes from Adomnán of Iona who wrote a biography of Iona's founder, St Columba, in which he included many stories about Baithéne. There is also a medieval text called the 'Life of St Baithene', which is very brief and appears to be based on Adomnán's writing; the oldest known text of this work also is not older than the 13th century.[4] His feast is celebrated on 6 October.[5] Originally the community at Iona celebrated Baithéne and Columba together on the same feast day, which was on June 9. FamilyBaithéne was the son of Brénainn mac Ferguso, who was the brother of the father of St Columba, making Baithéne a first cousin of Columba. Both he and Columba were great-grandchildren of Niall of the Nine Hostages, and were born into the family of Cenél Conaill branch of the Northern Uí Néill. They were thus both part of one of the ruling families of Ulster.[4] He had a brother named Cobthach who was also a companion of Columba in his exile and who with Baithene was listed as among the twelve who accompanied Columba when he came to Britain. Companion to ColumbaBaithéne accompanied Columba throughout all his years in exile in Britain. When Columba was Abbot of Iona, Baithéne helped him administer the daughter-houses at Tiree and Hinba. He also had some role as overseer of the work at harvest-time at Iona.[4] Adomnán recorded many stories about him. In one story, there was a very sinful man who came to Iona to request being a monk there, but Columba had foreseen how wicked this man was and said he should not be allowed to come. But when the man came, he said he wanted to see Columba, and Baithéne said that the man should be allowed to do penance and quoted the scriptures. To this, Columba responded that the man had murdered his brother and debauched his mother. When the man finally met Columba, Columba told him that he could do penance by living among the British for twelve years without returning to Ireland, but Columba foretold that he would not fulfill this and instead would return to his sinful ways and head to perdition. And the man did exactly as Columba foretold, going not to Britain but back to Ireland, where he was murdered.[4] In another story, Baithéne asked Columba to give him a monk to help him go through the psalter and look for mistakes. Columba told him that there was no mistake in the psalter except that the letter I was missing in one place. And they went through the psalter and found that it was just as Columba had said.[4] Another time, Adomnán mentions that Baithéne once visited the island of Eigg. TireeBaithéne served as prior over a monastery connected to Iona on the island of Tiree. The name of the place where his monastery was located on Tiree was Mag Luinge or Campus Luinge. The monastery was a house for penitents from Iona. Some historians have thought that it may have supplied food to Iona.[4] Adomnán recorded a story about a voyage he took to the island, when Columba first told a monk who was heading to Tiree that he should not sail directly from Iona to Tiree, because a great whale would frighten him, but his did not listen to his advice and took the direct route, and a huge whale came out of the water and almost destroyed the boat, which terrified those in the boat. When Baithéne departed the following day to Tiree, Columba told him about the whale, and Baithéne responded that both he and the whale were in God's power, to which Columba responded 'Go in peace, your faith in Christ will shield you from danger'. And so Baithéne then took the direct route and the whale came out of the water which terrified all in the boat, except Baithéne, who used his hands to bless the sea and the whale, and the whale then went down into the water.[4] Another story that Adomnán recorded held that Baithéne and Colmán Elo both approached Columba one time to ask him to pray for a favourable wind on their respective journeys to Tiree and Ireland. Columba said that in the morning the wind would be favourable to travel to Tiree and in the afternoon the Lord would change it to make it favourable to travel to Ireland. And it happened just as Columba said.[4] Another story that Admonan recorded held that one time Columba encountered an army of demons on Iona, and he fought them with the help of angels, such that the demons fled from Iona. But after they fled, they then went to Tiree and attacked the monks there, including the monastery at Mag Luinge headed by Baithéne. While many in the other monasteries died from diseases, which were caused by the demons, only one monk in Baithéne's monastery died and the rest were protected because of their prayer and fasting.[4] HinbaBaithéne spent time as prior of Hinba.[6][7] In one story, Adomnán claimed that Columba went to Hinba and relaxed the penitential rules on one occasion. However, one monk named Neman refused to abide by the relaxation. Columba rebuked him and said 'Neman, Baithéne and I have allowed a relaxation in the diet and you refuse it. But the time will come when in the company of thieves in the forest you will eat the flesh of a stolen mare'. This monk eventually left the monastery and went back into the world, and one day found himself among thieves eating such meat.[4] Abbacy of IonaHe only reigned as Abbot in Iona for three years, as his death took place c. AD 600, though the Annals of Ulster give the date as 598,[8] and the Annals of Tigernach give 596.[9] He was chosen as successor by Columba. Irish monasticism did not follow the Rule of St Benedict which gave the monks the right to elect their own abbot. Many of the subsequent abbots of Iona came from the same family in Ulster as Columba and Baithéne. The holding of monasteries within particular families would also be seen as an abuse in subsequent centuries that the church would work to root out. Adomnán records a story about him that says that Fintán of Taghmon came to the abbey after Columba died to request to be a monk there, but Baithéne refused, instead claiming that Columba had foretold his coming to the abbey and Columba had instructed that he must be turned away and sent back to Ireland, so that he could found an abbey there. Fintan wept when he heard this and agreed to what was told him, and he returned to Ireland to create a monastery there instead.[4] OtherThe Martyrology of Donegal records the two following anecdotes. When Baithéne partook of food, before each morsel he invariably recited Deus in adjutorium meum intende. Also, "when he worked in the fields, gathering in the corn along with the monks, he used to hold up one hand towards Heaven, beseeching God, while with the other hand he gathered the corn". Baithéne of Iona is generally known as Baithéne Mór, to distinguish him from eight other saints of the same name—the affix mór meaning "the Great". He wrote a life of his master, and some Irish poems which are now lost, but which were seen by Adomnán. Some writers assert that Baithéne of Iona is the patron of Ennisboyne, County Wicklow, but this is owing to a confusion with Saint Baoithin, or Baithéne mac Findech, whose feast is commemorated on 22 May. Another Saint Baoithin, son of Cuana, whose feast is on 19 February, is patron of Tibohin, in Elphin. References1. ^{{Cite book|title=Life of St Columba|last=|author=Adomná|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=I 30, II 39}} 2. ^{{Cite book|title=Life of St Columba|last=Sharpe|first=Richard|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1995|isbn=|location=London|pages=303, n. 182}} 3. ^{{Cite book|title=The Life of St Columba|last=|author=Adomnán|publisher=|year=704|isbn=|location=|pages=III 23}} 4. ^1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 {{cite book|author=Adomnan of Iona|authorlink=Adomnán|title=Life of St Columba|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=j7yFjie05bcC|date=23 February 1995|publisher=Penguin Books Limited|isbn=978-0-14-190741-3}} 5. ^{{Cite book|title=Martyrology of Óengus|last=|author=Óengus of Tallaght|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=Tallaght|pages=6 October}} 6. ^{{Cite book|title=Life of St Columba|last=|author=Adomnán|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=I 21}} 7. ^{{Cite book|title=Life of St Columba|last=Sharpe|first=Richard|publisher=Penguin Books|year=1995|isbn=|location=London|pages=306-308, n. 194}} 8. ^{{Cite book|url=https://celt.ucc.ie//published/T100001A/|title=Annals of Ulster|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=598.1}} 9. ^{{Cite book|title=Annals of Tigernach|last=|first=|publisher=|year=|isbn=|location=|pages=596.1}}
10 : 6th-century Christian saints|6th-century Irish people|536 births|600 deaths|Abbots of Iona|Irish Christian monks|Irish expatriates in Scotland|Medieval Irish saints|Scottish Roman Catholic saints|Burials at Iona Abbey |
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