| 词条 | Baldwin Lake (Los Angeles County, California) |
| 释义 |
| name = Baldwin Lake | image = | caption = | image_bathymetry = | caption_bathymetry = | location = Arcadia, California | coords = {{coord|34|08|31|N|118|03|15|W|type:waterbody_region:US-CA_source:GNIS|display=inline,title|notes=[1]}} | type = Sag pond | inflow = {{unbulleted list|Natural springs|Stormwater runoff}} | outflow = Aquifer recharge | catchment = | basin_countries = United States | length = | width = | area = | depth = {{convert|2|ft|m}} | max-depth = {{convert|30|inch}} formerly {{convert|18|ft|m}} | volume = | residence_time = | shore = | elevation = | islands = }}Baldwin Lake is a sag pond in the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden, which is in the San Gabriel Valley of Southern California, south of the San Gabriel Mountains. The pond, arboretum, and botanic garden are all within the city of Arcadia.[2][3] The pond is fed by stormwater[4] and natural springs; water flows out of the pond to the aquifer at Raymond Fault, and on to the Rio Hondo.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} Baldwin Lake is part of the Los Angeles River watershed. The area of the pond is about {{convert|4|acres}}.[3] Silt and pollutants embedded in the pond by surface runoff have reduced its depth from about {{convert|12|feet}} to {{convert|30|inch}}.[3][5] HistoryFor hundreds of years before the Spanish colonization of Alta California displaced them in the late 18th century, Tongva people lived near the pond in a settlement called Alyeupkigna.[6] The Spanish forced the Tongva to move to a reduction at the Mission San Gabriel Arcángel. At the site of the Tongva settlement, the Spanish established Alyeupkigna Rancheria in 1800, as an agricultural outpost of the mission.[6] The Reid Adobe was built by Scottish−Mexican Hugo Reid on the shore of the pond in 1840.[7]{{context needed|date=June 2017}} Reid received the full Mexican land grant for Rancho Santa Anita in 1845, with included 'Baldwin Lake' and numerous other artesian sag ponds and springs within its 3 square leagues (13,319 acres).[6] Elias Jackson “Lucky” Baldwin purchased Rancho Santa Anita in 1875. Baldwin Lake served as a holding reservoir for ranch irrigation projects. It was dredged and deepened, perhaps by {{convert|12|-|15|ft|m}}, by Baldwin in the late 1880s, and a retaining wall capped by granite boulders was built around the shoreline. Baldwin built the elaborate Coach Barn near the pond in 1879, and the Queen Anne style 'Baldwin’s Belvedere' or Santa Anita Ranch Guest Cottage on a peninsula surrounded by the waters in 1885−1886. [7] The Queen Anne Cottage and Coach Barn are listed on the National Register of Historic Places and California Historical Landmarks.[7] The Reid-Baldwin Adobe, remodeled and enlarged by Lucky Baldwin into his main ranch residence, is a California Historical Landmark.[7] In 1947 the state and county acquired the land to create an arboretum around the pond and historic Baldwin structures. [6] PollutionThe Save Baldwin Lake project is currently accessing how to address accumulated sediments, collapsing shorelines, reduced water depth, Raymond aquifer recharging, and the threatened aquatic ecosystems of Baldwin Lake and adjacent Tule Pond.[8][9] A preliminary study identified several factors that negatively impact Baldwin Lake.[10] Since the early 1950s, the Lake has functioned as a collection basis for {{convert|155|acres}} of urban watershed to the north. The runoff carrying petrochemicals and other contaminants into the pond, combined with ongoing siltation, has degraded its aquatic ecosystems.[11] The pond was originally {{convert|15|-|8|ft|m}} deep, but now has an average depth of {{convert|24|in|cm}}. The Arboretum began fundraising for an engineering study to determine the best approaches to restoring Baldwin Lake and Tule Pond.[12] See also{{Commonscat|Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden}}
References1. ^{{Cite GNIS|1733490|Baldwin Lake}} {{San Gabriel Valley}}{{Portal bar|California}}2. ^{{cite journal |title=Recharge and water quality of Baldwin Lake at the Los Angeles County Arboretum & Botanic Garden, Arcadia, California |last=Price |first=Morton R. |journal=AEG News |volume=49 |page=109 |year=2006 |publisher=Association of Environmental & Engineering Geologists |via=Google Books }} 3. ^1 2 {{cite web |url=http://www.sgvtribune.com/environment-and-nature/20141224/la-county-lucky-baldwins-relatives-push-for-restoration-of-baldwin-lake-at-arboretum-in-arcadia |title=L.A. County, Lucky Baldwin’s relatives push for restoration of Baldwin Lake at arboretum in Arcadia |last=Scauzillo |first=Steve |date=December 24, 2014 |website=San Gabriel Valley Tribune |access-date=June 19, 2017}} 4. ^{{cite web |url=http://abc7.com/news/arboretum-works-to-clean-up-baldwin-lake-pollution/406393/ |title=Arboretum works to clean up Baldwin Lake storm water pollution |author= |date=November 21, 2014 |website=ABC7.com |publisher=KABC-TV |access-date=June 19, 2017}} 5. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.scpr.org/programs/offramp/2016/08/24/51528/bringing-back-the-arboretum-s-sludge-filled-baldwi/ |title=Bringing back the Arboretum's sludge-filled Baldwin Lake |last=Rabe |first=John |date=August 24, 2016 |website=scpr.org |publisher=KPCC |access-date=June 19, 2017}} 6. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.arboretum.org/explore/our-history/ |website=Arboretum.org |title=History of the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden § Baldwin Lake: Its Origins and History |publisher=Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden |access-date=June 18, 2017}} 7. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |url=http://www.arboretum.org/explore/historic-structures/ |title=Historic structures of the Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden |website=Arboretum.org |publisher=Los Angeles County Arboretum and Botanic Garden |access-date=June 18, 2017}} 8. ^Arboretum.org: Save Baldwin Lake Project website . accessed June 2017. 9. ^Arboretum.org: Save Baldwin Lake goals and objectives 10. ^KPCC .org: "Bringing back the Arboretum’s sludge- filled Baldwin Lake" (aired 24 July 2016) 11. ^Arboretum.org: Save Baldwin Lake project causes & needs 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.arboretum.org/save-baldwin-lake/frequently-asked-questions/ |website=Arboretum.org |title=Save Baldwin Lake FAQs |access-date=June 18, 2017}} 4 : Lakes of Los Angeles County, California|Arcadia, California|Geography of the San Gabriel Valley|Tributaries of the Los Angeles River |
| 随便看 |
|
开放百科全书收录14589846条英语、德语、日语等多语种百科知识，基本涵盖了大多数领域的百科知识，是一部内容自由、开放的电子版国际百科全书。