| 词条 | Balmaclellan |
| 释义 |
| country = Scotland | official_name = Balmaclellan | scots_name = | gaelic_name = Baile MhicIllFhaolain | population = | static_image_width = 250px | static_image_caption = Balmaclellan | os_grid_reference = | map_type = Dumfries and Galloway | coordinates = {{coord|55.087778|-4.112778|display=inline,title}} | unitary_scotland = Dumfries and Galloway | lieutenancy_scotland = Dumfries | constituency_westminster = Dumfries and Galloway | constituency_scottish_parliament = Galloway and West Dumfries | post_town = | postcode_district = | postcode_area = | dial_code = }} Balmaclellan (Scottish Gaelic: Baile MhicIllFhaolain, meaning town of the MacLellans) is a small hillside village of stone houses with slate roofs in a fold of the Galloway hills in south-west Scotland. To the west, across the Ken River, the larger and more prosperous New Galloway lies below the Rhinns of Kells. Location and peopleBalmaclellan is one of four parishes in the northern district of the Stewartry of Kirkcudbright. It contains {{convert|23737|acre|km2|1}}, of which about {{convert|4000|acre|km2}} are cultivated. It includes areas of water, extensive plains of moss and about {{convert|300|acre|km2}} of tree plantation, but most of the land is used for sheep or cattle pasture. Many of the cattle are of the Galloway breed.[1] The climate is temperate. Average monthly temperatures range from 1 to 7 C° in January, and 11 to 18 °C in July–August, with 984 mm of rain yearly.[2] In 1887, John Bartholomew's "Gazetteer of the British Isles" Described the inhabitants as "... of a mixed Gaelic and Germanic origin, and speak Braid Scots, a Northumbrian dialect of English. Those that profess a religion are generally but by no means entirely Calvinist Christians, adhering to the Church of Scotland or the Wee Frees".[3] In 2009, of those who profess a religion in Balmaclellan most are Presbyterians adhering to the Church of Scotland. The mansion house of Craig stands on an eminence at the top of the Hidden Road and was built in 1909 to the designs of Dumfries architect James Barbour. It was the home of Ethel Bristowe, the artist and assyriologist. The population was 554 in 1801, 634 in 1901 and 550 in 1951.[3] HistoryCeltic relics have been found in the area, including a finely decorated mirror and crescent of the Bronze Age that is now in the National Museum of Scotland. The parish of Balmaclellan appears to have had an earlier British name, Treuercarcou, which appears in a thirteenth-century record of ecclesiastical taxes. The treu- part of this name is clearly the old northern British equivalent of modern Welsh tref, 'farmstead, dwelling', indicating an early settlement when this P-Celtic language was still spoken in the area. The upper village has a 12th-century motte: the "Bal" of Balmaclellan. Barscobe Castle is just over a mile to the northeast, built in 1648 by William Maclellan, a fine example of the last phase of tower house building in Scotland.[4] Balmaclellan Parish Church was built in 1753 and added to in 1833 by local architect William McCandlish.[https://scotlandschurchestrust.org.uk/church/balmaclellan-church/] Balmaclellan was once a centre of the Covenanter religious movement. The village has a statue to Robert Paterson, Sir Walter Scott's 'Old Mortality'. His wife Elizabeth Gray established a school in the village, which can still be seen. She died in 1785 and is buried in the churchyard. Amongst other gravestones is that of another Covenanter, Robert Grierson, who was killed for his faith in 1685 (not to be confused with Sir Robert Grierson of Lag, notorious persecutor of the Galloway Covenanters).[5] The churchyard also contains what is probably the earliest civic war memorial in Scotland. It commemorates five men from Balmaclellan who died in the Crimean War. They are William Barr, Rifle Brigade; James Gibson 42nd Highlanders; Joseph Gordon Lance Cpl.,Royal Sappers and Miners; James McMichael, Lance Cpl., 46th Reg. and Thomas McRobert, Fusilier-Guards. [https://www.iwm.org.uk/memorials/item/memorial/44345] A sixth man John Henry Upton Spalding Lt. RN., an officer who died at Sebastopol, is commemorated on his family's tomb but not on the memorial itself. Near the edge of the Balmaclellan churchyard there is a rough uninscribed whinstone pillar that looks like an ancient monument, and is locally said to mark the grave of a witch.[6] Possibly the grave is that of Elspeth McEwen from Boghall between Balmacllan and Dalry , who was found guilty of being a witch on her own confession and on the evidence of witnesses, and burned to death at Kirkcudbright in 1698. She was one of the last "witches" to be executed in Scotland.[7] Literary ReferencesThe Scots comedy, Torwatletie (1940), by playwright Robert McLellan, set during the Jacobite rising of 1715, depicts the household of a nominally fictional Laird of the district. William Le Queux (1864-1927) His novels The Czar's Spy (1905) and The Place of Dragons (1916) have scenes set in the area. Notable people
References1. ^Gen Uki.org: Balmaclellan 2. ^Met Office Auchincruive 1971-2000 averages 3. ^1 A vision of Balmaclellan 4. ^Overview of Balmaclellan - Dumfries and Galloway 5. ^Visit Southern Scotland.com: Balmaclellan 6. ^Balmaclellan Archaeology Notes 7. ^A Witch's Execution 8. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.scotsman.com/news/obituaries/obituary-john-barclay-pick-writer-1-3676626|title=Obituary: John Barclay Pick, writer|last=Burns|first=John|date=2 February 2015|website=The Scotsman|archive-url=|archive-date=|dead-url=|accessdate=5 November 2018}} External linkshttp://www.scottisharchitects.org.uk/building_full.php?id=201964
2 : Villages in Dumfries and Galloway|Parishes in Dumfries and Galloway |
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