| 词条 | Bandy-bandy |
| 释义 |
| name = Bandy-bandy | image = Eastern Bandy-bandy, Vermicella annulata (23111409351).jpg | genus = Vermicella | species = annulata | authority = (Gray, 1841) | synonyms = *Calamaria annulata {{small|Gray, 1841}}
| synonyms_ref =[1] }} The bandy-bandy (Vermicella annulata), also commonly known as the hoop snake, is a species of venomous snake in the family Elapidae. The species is endemic to Australia. It is considered weakly venomous. Etymology and taxonomyThe bandy-bandy is marked with alternating black and white or yellowish rings, which give the species both its common names and its scientific name (from the diminutive form, annul-, of the Latin anus, meaning "ring"). Though since 1996, only five species of bandy-bandies were thought to be in the genus Vermicella, the discovery of another species (V. parscauda) on a peninsula in Australia's far north indicates more species of bandy-bandies may exist.[2][3] AppearanceThe bandy-bandy is a smooth-scaled, glossy snake with a distinctive pattern of sharply contrasting black and white rings that continue right around the body. The snout is black and rounded. The eyes are small. The tail is short and blunt. The dorsal scales are in 15 rows at mid body. The average total length (including tail) is {{convert|50|to|60|cm|in|abbr=on}}. VenomV. annulata is weakly venomous with localized symptoms around the bite area. It is generally considered harmless due to the small size of its mouth and its inoffensive nature.[3]Habitat and rangeThe bandy-bandy is found mainly in suburbs with woodland habitats such as Mt Cotton, Mt Crosby, Kholo, Brisbane, and Lockyer Valleys. It is most common in areas of remnant habitat structure such as the foothills of Mt Glorious and Brisbane Forest Park. Recently, it was found in Cannonvale in the Whitsunday region of North Queensland. In Southeast Queensland, it is found across a wide range of habitats and vegetation types, from coastal forest and woodland, to scrubland, mulga, and outback desert. It is found also in central New South Wales (Dubbo/Parkes) and Lower North Coast NSW (Pacific Palms/Hunter Valley). A similar-looking snake has been observed in Springbrook's Natural Bridge forest, in the Gold Coast hinterland, Qld, but it's true identity has not been confirmed. One discovered by family cat 20/03/2019 at Bucca Wauka NSW Mid North Coast approximately 30cm long. BehaviorGeneral habitsA nocturnal, burrowing snake, V. annulata is found beneath the soil surface, under stumps, rocks, and logs. It emerges at night to forage, especially after rain. It has a unique alarm posture of holding braced loops of the body off the ground. DietThe bandy-bandy has been known to feed on Ramphotyphlops. Around the homeThe bandy-bandy is infrequently encountered. Occasionally, a specimen is discovered by a roaming cat at night or often found after falling into a backyard swimming pool. It prefers subterranean refugia under large rocks or deeply set ground timber. Related species discoveryIn 2018, a new member of the bandy-bandy snake genus was discovered, and named V. parscauda. The new species was found by Dutch biologist Freek Vonk at Weipa on Cape York Peninsula, near Rio Tinto's bauxite mining operations, and may be endangered.[4] References1. ^"Vermicella annulata ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. 2. ^{{cite web|url=https://www.upi.com/Science_News/2018/07/16/New-venomous-snake-species-found-in-Australia/6791531744709/|author=Hays, Brooks|date=16 July 2018|title=New venomous snake species found in Australia|website=UPI Science News}} 3. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.snakecatchers.com.au/bandy-bandy.php |title=Bandy Bandy |publisher=Brisbane Snake Catchers |year=2015 |accessdate=1 January 2019}} 4. ^1 {{cite web |last1=Baynes |first1=Chris |title=Venomous new snake species discovered and immediately declared at risk of extinction |url=https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/bandy-bandy-venomous-snake-extinction-queensland-australia-weipa-a8451146.html |website=The Independent |accessdate=19 July 2018 |date=17 July 2018}} Further reading
External links
6 : Elapidae|Snakes of Australia|Reptiles of Queensland|Endemic fauna of Australia|Reptiles described in 1841|Taxa named by John Edward Gray |
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