| 词条 | Bangkok Metropolitan Administration | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
The Bangkok Metropolitan Administration ({{lang-th|กรุงเทพมหานคร}}; {{RTGS|Krung Thep Maha Nakhon}}) is the local government of Bangkok (also called Krung Thep Maha Nakhon in Thai), which includes the capital of the Kingdom of Thailand. The government is composed of two branches: the executive (or the Governor of Bangkok) and the legislative (or Bangkok Metropolitan Council). The administration's roles are to formulate and implement policies to manage Bangkok. Its purview includes transport services, urban planning, waste management, housing, roads and highways, security services, and the environment.[1] According to the Thailand Future Foundation, Bangkok employs a workforce of 97,000, including 3,200 municipal officers in Bangkok city, 200 in the city Law Enforcement Department, and 3,000 in district offices.[2][3] Governor of Bangkok{{Infobox political post| post = Governor | body = Bangkok ผู้ว่าราชการ กรุงเทพมหานคร | insignia = Seal Bangkok Metropolitan Admin (green).svg | insigniasize = 150px | insigniacaption = Seal of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration | termlength = 4 years renewable once | image = | incumbent = Pol Gen Aswin Kwanmuang | incumbentsince = 18 October 2016 | appointed_by = King Rama IX | style = | residence = | formation = 1973 | inaugural = Chamnan Yaovabun | website = http://www.bangkok.go.th/ }} The Governor of Bangkok ({{lang-th|ผู้ว่าราชการกรุงเทพมหานคร)}} is the head of the local government of Bangkok. The governor is also the chief executive of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA). The governor is elected to a renewable term of four years, currently it is one of the two directly elected executive offices in the kingdom. The office is comparable to that of a city mayor. The current incumbent is Pol Gen Aswin Kwanmuang.[4] He was appointed by Prime Minister Prayut Chan-o-cha using Section 44 of the interim charter to replace Sukhumbhand Paribatra. The reason given for his ouster was "...because he was involved in many legal cases."[5] Powers and rolesThe powers and role of the office of Governor of Bangkok in accordance with the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Act, BE 2528 (1985) ({{lang-th|พระราชบัญญัติระเบียบบริหารราชการกรุงเทพมหานคร พ.ศ. 2528}}, literally Bangkok Metropolis Administrative Organisation Act, BE 2528 (1985)) are as follows:
HistorySince 1973 the city was administered by a single executive appointed by the cabinet from city civil servants. However soon it was determined that the executive office should a popularly elected office instead. The passage of the Bangkok Metropolis Administrative Organisation Act, BE 2518 (1975) ({{lang-th|พระราชบัญญัติระเบียบบริหารราชการกรุงเทพมหานคร พ.ศ. 2518)}}, created the Bangkok Metropolis to replace Bangkok Province and created an elected governor with a four-year term. The first election for the office was held on the 10 August 1975. Thamnoon Thien-ngern was elected the first elected Governor of Bangkok. Conflicts between the governor and the Bangkok Metropolitan Council, however, became so fierce that Thanin Kraivichien, the Prime Minister of Thailand removed him and reinstated the appointment system. Elections resumed with the passing of the Bangkok Metropolitan Administration Act, BE 2528 (1985). Elections were held on 14 November 1985. List of governors
Bangkok Metropolitan Council{{Infobox legislature| name = Bangkok Metropolitan Council | native_name = สภากรุงเทพมหานคร | transcription_name = Sapha Krung Thep Maha Nakhon | coa_pic = | coa_res = | coa-pic = | coa-res = | house_type = City Council | body = | houses = | leader1_type = Chairman of the Council | leader1 = Capt. Kriangsak Lohachala[7] | party1 = | election1 = 3 March 2013 | leader2_type = | leader2 = | party2 = | election2 = | leader3_type = | leader3 = | party3 = | members = 57 members | voting_system1 = | voting_system2 = | last_election1 = 3 March 2013 | last_election2 = | session_room = | session_res = | meeting_place = Bangkok City Hall | website =http://www.bangkok.go.th/sbmc }} The Bangkok Metropolitan Council or BMC ({{lang-th|สภากรุงเทพมหานคร)}} is the legislative branch of the administration. It is vested with primary legislative powers as well as the power to scrutinize and advise the governor. The council is headed by the Chairman of the Bangkok Metropolitan Council ({{lang-th|ประธานสภากรุงเทพมหานคร)}}. The current chairman is Captain Kriangsak Lohachala since 2013. The number of members depends on the size of Bangkok's population. One member represents one hundred thousand people. Currently there are 60 members,[8] elected from 57 constituencies (some constituencies elect more than one member) in Bangkok. Each is elected to a four-year term. The last election was held on 30 April 2006. CommitteesThe council is divided into 11 general committees with five to nine members appointed by the councillors themselves:
Secretariat of the councilThe Secretariat of the Bangkok Metropolitan Council ({{lang-th|สำนักงานเลขานุการสภากรุงเทพมหานคร)}} is the executive agency of the council. The secretariat helps the council in all its roles including drafting of legislation, organisation of sessions, minutes and procedures of the council. The secretariat also helps members of the council by providing research and legal counsel. The secretariat is headed by the Secretary of the Bangkok Metropolitan Council ({{lang-th|เลขานุการสภากรุงเทพมหานคร)}} The current secretary is Manit Tej-Apichok. The secretariat itself is divided into nine sections:
Budget{{Asof|2018}} BMA's annual budget is nearly 80 billion baht.[9]CriticismThe Bangkok Post has made the point that, although the city suffers from the "worst traffic congestion in the world after Mexico City", 37 disparate agencies are responsible for traffic management, planning, and infrastructure. It maintains that the city government panders to personal automobile use. As evidence, it points to the city's plans to construct four new bridges across the Chao Phraya River, its runaway air pollution, its lack of green space—less than that of any other Asian capital—and its "...obsession with felling trees along Bangkok streets."[9] Operational unitsFire and Rescue DepartmentThe Bangkok City Council reported in February 2018 that, of Bangkok's 874 fire trucks, only 88 were in "good" condition. Another 340 were rated "only just usable", 232 were "dilapidated", and 225 were parked permanently. Firefighting boats were found to be in roughly the same shape: three of 31 vessels were ranked in "good" condition and 21 were out of service and permanently docked. The BMA's firefighting unit has not been allocated a vehicle maintenance budget for nearly 10 years.[10] The BMA employs 1,800 firefighters {{asof|2018|lc=y}}.[11] See also
References1. ^{{cite web|title=General Responsibilities of BMA|url=http://www.bangkok.go.th/main/page.php?329|website=Bangkok Metropolitan Administration|accessdate=31 October 2015}} 2. ^{{cite news|last1=Sankam|first1=Visarut|title=Research reveals ugly side to Bangkok life|url=http://www.nationmultimedia.com/national/Research-reveals-ugly-side-to-Bangkok-life-30271979.html|accessdate=31 October 2015|work=The Nation|date=2015-10-31}} 3. ^{{cite web|title=งานแถลงผลการศึกษาเรื่อง"10 ข้อเท็จจริงชีวิตคนกรุงเทพ"|url=http://www.thailandfuturefoundation.org/th/events/detail.php?ID=353|website=Thailand Future Foundation|accessdate=31 October 2015}} 4. ^{{cite news|last1=Mokkhasen|first1=Sasiwan|title=MEET BANGKOK’S NEW GOVERNOR: ASWIN KWANMUANG|url=http://www.khaosodenglish.com/politics/2016/10/30/meet-bangkoks-new-governor-aswin-kwanmuang/|accessdate=30 October 2016|work=Khaosod English|date=30 October 2016}} 5. ^{{cite news|title=Sukhumbhand says goodbye to Bangkokians|url=http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/1114124/sukhumbhand-says-goodbye-to-bangkokians|accessdate=29 October 2016|work=Bangkok Post|date=19 October 2016}} 6. ^{{cite news|last1=|first1=|title=ด่วน! ใช้ม.44 ให้สุขุมพันธุ์และทีมรองฯพ้นจากตำแหน่ง ตั้งอัศวิน ขวัญเมือง เป็นผู้ว่าฯกทม.|url=http://www.matichon.co.th/news/326122|accessdate=18 October 2016|work=matichon|date=2016-10-18}} 7. ^{{cite web|title=BMA council chairman|url=http://www.bangkok.go.th/sbmc/page/sub/4709/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A3%7D%7D|website=The Secretariate of Bangkok Metropolitan Council|accessdate=18 October 2016}} 8. ^{{cite web|title=Bangkok Metropolitan Council|url=http://www.bangkok.go.th/main/page.php?328|website=Bangkok Metropolitan Administration (BMA)|accessdate=21 April 2018}} 9. ^1 {{cite news|title=Big Problems in the City|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/opinion/opinion/1449610/big-problems-in-the-city|accessdate=21 April 2018|work=Bangkok Post|date=21 April 2018|format=Editorial}} 10. ^{{cite news|last1=Wancharoen|first1=Supoj|title=Study reveals woeful state of fire dept|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/general/1412283/study-reveals-woeful-state-of-fire-dept|accessdate=15 February 2018|work=Bangkok Post|date=15 February 2018}} 11. ^{{cite news|last1=Wancharoen|first1=Supoj|title=Battling through the blazes|url=https://www.bangkokpost.com/news/special-reports/1458694/battling-through-the-blazes|accessdate=5 May 2018|work=Bangkok Post|date=5 May 2018}} External links
3 : Government of Bangkok|Bangkok|1973 establishments in Thailand |
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