| 词条 | Bangladesh Police | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 释义 |
|agencyname = Bangladesh Police |nativenamea = বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ |nativenamer = Bānlādēśa puliśa |commonname = পুলিশ (Police) |abbreviation = BP |fictional = |patch = Badge of BP.jpg |patchcaption = Patch of Bangladesh Police |logo = Monogram of Bangladesh Police.svg |logocaption = Logo of Bangladesh Police |badge = |badgecaption = Badge of Bangladesh Police |flag = |flagcaption = Flag of Bangladesh Police |imagesize = |motto = শৃঙ্খলা নিরাপত্তা প্রগতি |mottotranslated = Discipline Security Progress |formedyear = |formedmonthday = |preceding1 = |preceding2 = |dissolved = |superseding = |employees = 205,000 [1] |volunteers = |budget = |nongovernment = |country = Bangladesh |countryabbr = |national = Ministry of Home Affairs |federal = |international = |divtype = |divname = |subdivtype = |subdivname = Dhaka Metropolitan Police Criminal Investigation Department(CID) |map = Bangladesh divisions english.png |mapcaption = |sizearea = {{convert|147570|km2|sqmi|abbr=on}} |sizepopulation = 162,221,000 (162.22 million) [2] |legaljuris = |governingbody = Ministry of Home Affairs |governingbodyscnd = |constitution1 = The Police Act, 1861 |constitution2 = |constitution3 = |police = Yes |local = |military = |provost = |gendarmerie = |religious = |speciality1 = |secret = |overviewtype = |overviewbody = |headquarters = 6, Phoenix Road, Fulbaria, Dhaka – 1000 |hqlocmap = |hqlocmapwidth = |hqlocmapheight = |hqlocmapborder = |hqlocleft = |hqloctop = |hqlocmappoptitle = |sworntype = |sworn = |unsworntype = |unsworn = |multinational = Bangladeshi |electeetype = |minister1name = Asaduzzaman Khan |minister1pfo = Minister of Home Affairs |chief1name = Mohammad Javed Patwary [3] |chief1position = Inspector General of Police |parentagency = |child1agency = |unittype = |unitname = |officetype = |officename = |provideragency = |uniformedas = |stationtype = |stations = 636 |airbases = |lockuptype = |lockups = |vehicle1type = |vehicles1 = |boat1type = |boats1 = |aircraft1type = |aircraft1 = |animal1type = |animals1 = |person1name = |person1reason = |person1type = |programme1 = |activity1name = |activitytype = |anniversary1 = |award1 = Bangladesh Police Medal (BPM) Bangladesh Police Medal – Seba (BPM-Seba) President Police Medal (PPM) President Police Medal – Seba (PPM-Seba) |website = Police Website |footnotes = |reference = }}{{multiple image |align=right | direction = vertical | width = |image1=Bangladesh Police (02).jpg |width1=180 |alt1= |caption1=Bangladesh police. |image2=Bangladesh police during Bangladesh private University students protests against the imposition of vat (02).JPG |width2=180 |alt2= |caption2= Bangladesh police during Bangladesh private University students protests against the imposition of VAT.. The Bangladesh Police ({{lang-bn|বাংলাদেশ পুলিশ }}) is the main law enforcement agency of Bangladesh. It is administered under the Ministry of Home Affairs[4] of the Government of Bangladesh. It plays a crucial role in maintaining peace, and enforcement of law and order within Bangladesh. Though the police are primarily concerned with the maintenance of law and order and security of persons and property of individuals, they also play a big role in the criminal justice system.[5][6] HistoryMedieval PeriodDetails of policing activities during the middle age are challenging to find. However, during the periods of the great sultans, an official holding the position of Muhtasib used to perform the duties of policing. This person was the chief of police, in charge of public works, and the inspector of public ethics simultaneously. In urban areas, Kotwals were responsible for performing police duties. The policing system introduced by Sher Shah Suri was further organised during the period of Emperor Akbar: the Emperor organised his administrative structure introducing Fouzdari (the principal representative of the Emperor), Mir Adal and Kazi (the head of judicial department), and Kotwal (the chief police official of larger cities). This system was effective in maintaining the law and order in cities, and was implemented in Dhaka. Many district sadar police stations are still called Kotwali police stations. In the Mughal period, Kotwal emerged as an institution. A Fouzdar was appointed to every administrative unit of the government (district), under whom there were some artillery and cavalry forces. There was a disciplined police system during the Mughal period, though there was no professional police force like that in the British period. British Period [1757 - 1947]In the early stage of the Industrial Revolution, when England was facing grave crisis due to socio-economic transformation, the necessity of an effective organised police service was keenly felt. Sir Robert Peel, then the Prime Minister, introduced a bill in the British Parliament in 1829 which created an organised civil police in London. The success of the London police in controlling social disorder and crime was admired by not only the people of England but also of European and American countries: New York city copied the London model with some modifications when it organised the first Municipal Police Force, in 1833.[7] In 1858, full control of the Indian Territory was taken over from the East India Company by the British government. The success of the London police organised under Peel's Act of 1829 prompted the British government to reform the police system in the sub-continent in a similar way to British constabularies. With this end in view, a police commissioner was set up 1840, and on the recommendation of the commission of the Police Act (Act V of 1861), was passed by the British Parliament. Under this Act a police force was created in each province of British India, and placed under the control of the provincial government. The administration of the police force of a province was vested upon an officer styled as the Inspector-general of police. The administration of the police in a district was placed under the Superintendent of Police. The Act is still in force throughout the sub-continent, and regulates the function of police in Bangladesh, as well as the other countries of the sub-continent.[7] Pakistan Period [1947 - 1970]After partition of the sub-continent in 1947, the police force in Bangladesh was first named as the East Bengal Police, and then as the East Pakistan Police; however, it continued to function on the same lines as during the British rule.[8] Role in Liberation War [1971]In the Bangladesh Liberation War, Bengali-speaking police officers participated with the citizens, leading to deaths from most ranks, fighting with .303 rifles against the Pakistani. The resistance by the Bengali members of police at Rajarbagh is considered the first chapter of armed struggles during the Bangladesh Liberation war.[9][10] Bangladesh Police founded a Liberation War Museum at the Rajarbagh police line in January 2017.[11] Bangladesh Period [1971 - ]After the emergence of Bangladesh as an independent country on 16 December 1971, the police force was recognised and assumed the role of a national police force. At present, Bangladesh Police is primarily responsible for the preservation of peace and order, protection of life and property of the people and prevention and detection of crime. The traditional role of police in Bangladesh has undergone change after the liberation: the role of police is no longer confined to maintenance of law and order and prevention and detection of crime, and to meet the need of an independent and developing country, the police are now required to assist in developing the state and such kinds of activities by providing the basic security required for sustained economic growth of the country. It is further playing a vital role in dealing with insurgency in some areas of the country which impedes development activities and threatens the security of the state.[7] OrganisationBangladesh Police is headed by the Inspector General of Police (IGP), under whose command, Bangladesh Police is divided into different branches.They are-
Ranks1. Superior Officers
Bangladesh Police : Rank Badge of Superior Officers
2. Subordinate Officers{{col-begin}}{{col-2}}Unarmed Branch
Bangladesh Police : Rank Badge of Subordinate Officers
MedalsPolice medals are awarded every year in the annual Police Week Parade. They are awarded both for bravery and service. Bangladesh Police Medal (BPM)
Selection and TrainingThe recruitment process differs according to the level of position being recruited to, and direct entry (where an applicant does not have to start at the lowest level) is possible. The educational requirements increase with rank. A minimum bachelor's degree is required for Assistant Superintendent of Police, Sub-Inspector, and Sergeant, and for Constable, a Secondary School Certificate is required. Recruitment is conducted in the following three tiers:
Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP)The Assistant Superintendent of Police (ASP) are recruited C) through the competitive Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) examination. They undergo a one-year-long training in the Bangladesh Police Academy as Probationary ASPs. After passing from the academy, they undergo an orientation training for six months in the district level as a probationer. After that they have been appointed as a full-fledged ASPs in different units. Sub-Inspector (SI)Sub-Inspectors are recruited by Police Headquarters centrally. They undergo a one-year-long training in the Bangladesh Police Academy as Outside Cadet Sub-Inspectors. After that they have partake in one year probationary period in different police units. SergeantSergeants are recruited by Police Headquarters centrally. After appointment they undergo a six-month-long training course in the Bangladesh Police Academy, at the rank of Probationary Sergeant. After passing from the academy, they also undergo an orientation training of six months in the rank of probationer. ConstableConstables are recruited in the district level. They undergo a six-month-long training in the Police Training Centre as a Trainee Recruit Constable career (TRC). Training institutionsThe main training institution of the Bangladesh Police is the Bangladesh Police Academy, established in 1912 in Sardah.{{citation needed|date=June 2017}} The Police Staff College, which trains officers from ASP to DIG in-service, was established in 2000 in Dhaka.[12] Bangladesh Police also maintains Police Training Centre (PTC) in Tangail, Rangpur, Khulna and Noakhali. The Detective Training School was established in 1962 in Dhaka. List of training institutions
Moreover, there are in-service training centres in different districts. Community PolicingIn Bangladesh police, community policing is an organisation with the aims of promoting community, government and police partnerships, proactive problem solving, and community engagement to address the causes of crime, fear of crime and community issues. Bangladesh Police have been trying to implement this philosophy nationwide. The Police Reform Program (PRP), a UNDP funded project, has been providing Bangladesh Police with technical assistance to implement community-policing nationwide.[13] Strategic PartnershipUnder the strategic partnership there are:
Implementation PartnershipThe implementation partnership starts at the district level: There is a district community-policing cell in every district under the Superintendent of Police. The Additional SP or an ASP looks after the district community-policing cell. Secondly, in the police station level, there is a community policing cell with a full-time community policing officer (CPO), who coordinates the community policing activities in the police station jurisdiction. Beat PolicingDhaka Metropolitan Police is implementing the beat policing in Dhaka city. In this regard, each Police Station is divided into some police beats, and for each beat there is an assigned Beat Policing Officer. Women in Bangladesh PoliceWomen first joined Bangladesh Police in 1974, when 14 women police officers were appointed in the Special Branch: seven were at the rank of Sub-Inspector, and seven were at the rank of Constable. The first female uniformed police members were recruited two years later, in 1976, when 15 women police officers were appointed in the Dhaka Metropolitan Police. They were also at the ranks of Constable and Sub-Inspector.[14] In 1986, there was only one serving woman police officer: Fatema Begum was appointed as Assistant Superintendent of Police through 6th Bangladesh Civil Service (BCS) examination. After two years, in 1988, four women joined Bangladesh Police through the 7th Bangladesh Civil Service examination. After an interval from 1989 to 1998, in 1999, eight women officers were appointed through the 18th Bangladesh Civil Service examination. On 21 June 2011 an all-women Armed Police Battalion (APBn) was created as the 11th battalion of this force. As of 2010, there are 2,240 women in the Bangladesh Police, from the rank of constable to additional police superintendent.[15] UN Peace-keeping OperationsSince its first mission in Namibia in 1989, the Bangladesh Police has contributed to numerous UN peace-keeping missions.[16] List of completed and present UNPOL and FPU Peacekeeping missions participated by Bangladesh Police:[17]
Corruption{{Main|Forced disappearance in Bangladesh|Human rights in Bangladesh#Forced disappearance}}Bangladesh Police has been criticized for having political influence in all levels, and the major decisions are taken under political conditions. Corruption is widespread among the law enforcement, with custody deaths and torture being prevalent. In 2016 January, Dhaka South City Corporation official was tortured by Dhaka Metropolitan Police members.[18] In the same month a sub-inspector at DMP was accused of torturing and attempting to extort money from a Bangladesh Bank official.[19][20] Bangladesh Police have been accused of being involved in crime including rape and murder.[21] Bangladesh opposition party has accused the Police of being used to suppress the opposition parities.[22] The accountability of the police has been question by the media.[23] 230 Police officers in Barisal Metropolitan Police created a collective bribe fund for promotions.[24] Bangladesh Police had faced criticism after telling secular bloggers to self-censure after the Attacks on secularists in Bangladesh.[25] Wife of Avijit Roy had accused Bangladesh Police of Inactivity during the attack on her husband.[26] British Government has faced criticism for its aid to Bangladesh Police which could be used to suppress dissidents.[27] References1. ^{{cite news |title=134 women cops in UN missions |url=http://www.daily-sun.com/?view=details&type=daily_sun_news&pub_no=268&cat_id=1&menu_id=10&news_type_id=1&index=16&archiev=yes&arch_date=06-07-2011 |newspaper=Daily Sun |date= |accessdate=2011-07-07}} 2. ^{{cite journal | url=https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf | title=World Population Prospects, Table A.1| version=2008 revision | format=PDF | publisher=United Nations | author=Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division | year=2009 | accessdate= 2009-03-12| archiveurl= https://web.archive.org/web/20090318041906/http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2008/wpp2008_text_tables.pdf| archivedate=2009-03-18 | deadurl= no}} 3. ^http://www.thedailystar.net/frontpage/javed-patwary-new-igp-1525318 4. ^http://mof.gov.bd/en/budget/12_13/cdg/en/detail/22_home_en.pdf 5. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.police.gov.bd|title=Bangladesh Police official website |last=|first=|date=|website=Bangladesh Police|access-date=2019-01-12}} 6. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.thedailystar.net/politics/bangladesh-police-week-2019-cops-strength-be-increased-further-pm-sheikh-hasina-1697251|title=Innocent must not face torture, harassment|date=2019-02-05|website=The Daily Star|language=en|access-date=2019-02-07}} 7. ^1 2 {{cite news |title=Police administration, interrogation of offenders |url=https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1822467591.html |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181116001005/https://www.highbeam.com/doc/1P3-1822467591.html |dead-url=yes |archive-date=16 November 2018 |newspaper=The New Nation |date=8 August 2009 |accessdate=2010-02-02 |via=HighBeam Research |subscription=yes}} 8. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.police.gov.bd/history.php?id=51|title=History of Bangladesh Police|accessdate=2016-03-20}} 9. ^{{Cite news|url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news/valour-of-rajarbagh-goes-on-display|title=Valour of Rajarbagh goes on display|date=2013-03-25|work=The Daily Star|access-date=2017-12-11|language=en}} 10. ^{{Cite web|url=http://archive.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2017/jan/28/glimpse-police-history|title=A glimpse into police history {{!}} Dhaka Tribune|website=archive.dhakatribune.com|language=en|access-date=2017-12-11}} 11. ^{{Cite web|url=https://bdnews24.com/media-en/2017/01/25/police-war-museum|title=Police war museum|last=|first=|date=|website=bdnews24.com|access-date=2017-12-11}} 12. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.psc.gov.bd/index.php/history/ |title=History |website=Police Staff College Bangladesh |accessdate=2017-06-29}} 13. ^{{cite news |title=Community Policing in Bangladesh |url=http://www.theindependentbd.com/paper-edition/others/freeforall/24237-community-policing-in-bangladesh.html |newspaper=The Independent |location=Dhaka |accessdate=2011-06-23 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130606162717/http://www.theindependentbd.com/paper-edition/others/freeforall/24237-community-policing-in-bangladesh.html |archive-date=2013-06-06 |dead-url=yes |df= }} 14. ^{{cite news |last=Raza |first=Razzak |date=21 February 2008 |title=Women in the Police |url=http://nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2008/02/21/news0230.htm |newspaper=The New Nation |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080228011802/http://nation.ittefaq.com/issues/2008/02/21/news0230.htm |archive-date=2008-02-28 |access-date=2008-09-29}} 15. ^{{cite news |last1=Arzu |first1=Alpha |last2=Zannat |first2=Mahbuba |last3=Urmee |first3=Farhana |date=8 March 2010 |title=Bangladeshi women on the move |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/news-detail-129189 |newspaper=The Daily Star |access-date=2017-06-29}} 16. ^{{cite web |url=http://www.police.gov.bd/content.php?id=252 |title=Bangladesh Police in UN Missions |website=Bangladesh Police |access-date=2017-06-29}} 17. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.police.gov.bd/index5.php?category=213 |title=List of Mission Completed UNPOL and FPU Peacekeepers |website=Bangladesh Police |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130726184151/http://www.police.gov.bd/index5.php?category=213 |archive-date=2013-07-26 |access-date=2010-04-04 |deadurl=yes }} 18. ^{{cite news |title=Police brutality continues |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/editorial/police-brutality-continues-202762 |newspaper=The Daily Star |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 19. ^{{cite news |title=Police officer 'tried to blackmail Bangladesh Bank official' threatening Yaba taint |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/01/11/police-officer-tried-to-blackmail-bangladesh-bank-official-threatening-yaba-taint |newspaper=bdnews24.com |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 20. ^{{cite news |title=BB official assault: SI Masud did not behave like police, says Home Minister |url=http://bdnews24.com/bangladesh/2016/01/18/bb-official-assault-si-masud-did-not-behave-like-police-says-home-minister |newspaper=bdnews24.com |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 21. ^{{cite news |title=Policemen's involvement in crimes rising |url=http://www.dhakatribune.com/bangladesh/2016/jan/14/policemens-involvement-crimes-rising |newspaper=Dhaka Tribune |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 22. ^{{cite news |title=Police going overboard on government indulgence, says BNP |url=http://bdnews24.com/politics/2016/01/16/police-going-overboard-on-government-indulgence-says-bnp |newspaper=bdnews24.com |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 23. ^{{cite news |last1=Huq Zahid |first1=Shamsul |title=Are police unaccountable? |url=http://www.thefinancialexpress-bd.com/2016/01/17/11184 |newspaper=The Financial Express |location=Dhaka |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 24. ^{{cite news |title=10 cops disciplined |url=http://www.thedailystar.net/backpage/10-cops-disciplined-203497 |newspaper=The Daily Star |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 25. ^{{cite web|title=Petition calls for Bangladeshi police chief to resign after he warned secularists not to insult religion|url=http://www.secularism.org.uk/news/2015/08/petition-calls-for-bangladeshi-police-chief-to-resign-after-he-warned-secularists-not-to-insult-religion|website=National Secular Society|accessdate=2016-01-18|date=18 August 2015}} 26. ^{{cite news |title=Wife of murdered US blogger Avijit Roy says Bangladesh police 'did not act' during attack |url=http://www.smh.com.au/world/wife-of-murdered-us-blogger-avijit-roy-says-bangladesh-police-did-not-act-during-attack-20150311-141l5g.html |newspaper=The Sydney Morning Herald |accessdate=2016-01-18}} 27. ^{{cite news |last1=Holehouse |first1=Matthew |title=Did British aid help Bangladeshi police lock up dissidents? |url=https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/bangladesh/11450731/Did-British-aid-help-Bangladeshi-police-lock-up-dissidents.html |newspaper=Telegraph |location=London |accessdate=2016-01-18}} Further reading
4 : Law enforcement agencies of Bangladesh|Recipients of the Ekushey Padak|Recipients of the Independence Day Award|Bangladesh Police |
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