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词条 Banking in Uganda
释义

  1. 1990s–2004

  2. Regulatory changes, 2007–2010

  3. After 2010

  4. Classification of financial institutions

     Tier I financial Institutions  Tier II financial institutions  Tier III financial institutions  Tier IV institutions  Development banks  Investment banks and stock brokerage firms   Insurance companies  Foreign exchange bureaus 

  5. Deposit insurance

  6. Credit bureaux

  7. See also

  8. References

  9. External links

Before Uganda's independence in 1962, the main banks in Uganda were Barclays (UK based); Grindlays (also UK), Standard Bank (South Africa based) and the Bank of Baroda from India. The currency was issued by the East African Currency Board, a London-based body. In 1966, the Bank of Uganda (BoU), which controlled the issue of currency and managed foreign exchange reserves, became the central bank and national banking regulator. The government ownedUganda Commercial Bank and the Uganda Development Bank were launched in the 1960s. The Uganda Development bank was a state-owned development finance institution, which channeled loans from international sources into Ugandan enterprises and administered most of the development loans made to Uganda.[1]

The East African Development Bank (EADB), established in 1967, was jointly owned by Uganda, Kenya, and Tanzania. It was also concerned with development finance. It survived the breakup of the East African Community in 1977 and received a new charter in 1980.[1]

In the 1960s, other commercial banks included local operations of the Bank of Baroda, Barclays Bank, the Bank of India, Grindlays Bank, Standard Chartered Bank, and the Uganda Cooperative Bank.[1] The Uganda government took majority shares in all commercial banks in 1969 as part of President Obote's "Move to the Left" policy, this was increased to 100% control when European and Asian business owners were expelled in 1972-75 under President Amin.

During the 1970s and early 1980s, the number of commercial bank branches and services contracted significantly. Whereas Uganda had 290 commercial bank branches in 1970, by 1987 there were only 84, of which 58 branches were operated by government-owned banks. This number began to increase slowly the following year, and in 1989 the gradual increase in banking activity signaled growing confidence in Uganda's economic recovery.[1]

1990s–2004

In the late 1990s and early 2000s, the Ugandan banking industry underwent significant restructuring. Several indigenous commercial banks were declared insolvent, taken over by the central bank, and eventually sold or liquidated. These included the Uganda Cooperative Bank, Greenland Bank, the International Credit Bank, Teefe Bank, and Gold Trust Bank. The Uganda Commercial Bank (UCB) was initially privatized through a sale of its majority shares to a purported company from Malaysia. It later became public, however, that the actual buyer was a partnership between Greenland Bank, which was insolvent at the time, and politically connected individuals. A second privatization sale was conducted, with the Standard Bank of South Africa emerging as the winner.[2][3][4]

The privatized UCB was merged with the former Grindlays Bank that the Standard Bank of South Africa already owned and had renamed Stanbic Bank. The combined bank is now known as Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited.[5] As of 2008, Stanbic Uganda was the dominant commercial bank in Uganda, with about 27 percent of all bank assets and about 20 percent of all bank branches.[6]

Nile Bank Limited, an indigenous institution, was acquired by the British conglomerate Barclays Plc in January 2007 and merged with its existing Ugandan operations to form the Barclays Bank (Uganda).[7][8]

A moratorium on new commercial bank licences was declared in 2004 with the passage of a new banking bill in Parliament, which established new banking institution classification guidelines. There are four classes of lending financial institutions under the new regulations as outlined below.[9]

Regulatory changes, 2007–2010

During the 18 months following the July 2007 lifting of the new banks moratorium, several commercial banks were newly licensed.[10] These included KCB Bank Uganda Limited, Equity Bank Uganda Limited, GT Bank Uganda, Global Trust Bank, United Bank for Africa, Ecobank, and Housing Finance Bank. Three other banks, ABC Bank (Kenya), Access Bank from Nigeria, and CRDB Bank from Tanzania, publicly declared their intention to start banking operations in Uganda.[11]

During 2008 and 2009, several of the existing banks went on an accelerated branch expansion through mergers and acquisitions or new branch openings. As of December 2009, total commercial bank assets in Uganda were estimated at UGX:8.73 trillion.[10] In April 2009, Bank PHB, Nigeria's fifth largest bank at the time, bought 80 percent ownership of Orient Bank, Uganda's eighth largest commercial bank. This brought the number of Ugandan banks with major investments from Nigeria to three.[12]

In October 2010, there were 22 licensed commercial banks in Uganda, with nearly 400 bank branches and almost 600 automated teller machines.[10] At that time, the bank accounts in the country numbered over 5 million.[10] This represented a 16 percent penetration, given Uganda's population of about 32 million at that time.[10]

In November 2010, the BoU directed that all commercial banks in Uganda must raise their minimum capital to UGX:10 billion by March 2011[13] and to UGX:25 billion by March 2013.[14]

According to a study published in 2010, most of the banking activity was concentrated around Kampala, the country's capital, and other large towns, leaving 42 percent of Ugandans dependent on the informal financial sector and another 30 percent totally excluded from the financial services sector.[15]

After 2010

By April 2011, the number of commercial banks had increased to 23. The bank branches in the country numbered over 400. The banking sector employed over 8,700 people. Total commercial bank assets in the country were valued at more than UGX:11 trillion.[16]

During 2012, the BoU closed the National Bank of Commerce (Uganda) (NBCU), a small indigenous operation with wealthy investors, some of whom held high-ranking government positions. NBCU's deposits were transferred to Crane Bank.[17] In November 2012, the total number of commercial bank branches in the country reached 500.[18]

In June 2012, the BoU estimated the total banking assets in the country at UGX:14.4 trillion.[19] In June 2013, the BoU estimated the total of all commercial bank assets in the country at UGX:15.7 trillion.[20] Those assets had increased to UGX:18.6 trillion by 30 June 2014.[21] As of 31 December 2015, total banking assets in the country were UGX:21.7 trillion.[22]

The Bank of Uganda reported total banking assets at UGX:24.9 trillion, as at 30 June 2017,[23] with 7.4 million commercial bank accounts in the country.[24] At that time, there were 546 bank branches and 818 ATMs in Uganda.[23]

Classification of financial institutions

Tier I financial Institutions

{{main|List of banks in Uganda}}

This class includes commercial banks that are authorized to hold checking, savings, and time deposit accounts for individuals and institutions in local and international currencies. Commercial banks are also authorized to buy and sell foreign exchange, issue letters of credit, and make loans to depositors and non-depositors.[25][26][27]

Tier II financial institutions

This class includes credit and finance companies. They are not authorized to establish checking accounts or trade in foreign currency. They are authorized to accept customer deposits and to establish savings accounts. They are also authorized to make collateralized and non-collateralized loans to savings and non-savings customers.[27]

The licensed credit institutions as of June 2015 were:[28]

  1. Mercantile Credit Bank Limited - A wholly owned subsidiary of [https://web.archive.org/web/20130814063331/http://www.gmachgroup.com/index.php/the-company General Machinery Limited].
  2. Opportunity Bank Uganda - Majority owned by [https://www.mybucks.com/ MyBucks Group].&91;29&93;
  3. PostBank Uganda Limited - Wholly owned by the Ugandan government.&91;30&93;
  4. Top Finance Bank Uganda Limited.&91;31&93;

Tier III financial institutions

This class includes microfinance institutions that are allowed to accept deposits from customers but only in the form of savings accounts. Members of this class of institutions are known as Microfinance Deposit-taking Institutions or MDIs. MDIs are not authorized to offer checking accounts or to trade in foreign currency.[27]

The MDIs in the country as of 30 June 2015 were:[32]

  1. FINCA Uganda Limited
  2. Pride Microfinance Limited
  3. UGAFODE Microfinance Limited
  4. EFC Uganda Limited
  5. Yako Microfinance Limited&91;33&93;

Tier IV institutions

These institutions are not regulated by the BoU. They are not authorized to accept deposits from the public. They may, however, offer collateralized or non-collateralized loans to the public. In 2008, it was estimated that there were over 1,000 such institutions in the country.[27]

  1. Letshego Microfinance Uganda&91;34&93;
  2. Asaak Financial Services Limited

Development banks

  • East African Development Bank[35][36]
  • Uganda Development Bank[37]

Investment banks and stock brokerage firms

{{main|List of investment banks in Uganda}}Investment banks and stock brokerage firms in Uganda are regulated by the Capital Markets Authority and by the Uganda Securities Exchange.[38]

Insurance companies

{{Main|List of insurance companies in Uganda}}

There were 18 insurance companies in Uganda in January 2015.[39]

Foreign exchange bureaus

{{Main|List of foreign exchange bureaus in Uganda}}

As of March 2016, there were 246 licensed foreign exchange bureaus in the country.[40]

Deposit insurance

The Uganda Deposit Protection Fund became operational in 1997. It is funded by premiums charged to every licensed deposit-taking financial institution in the country. Each account is protected up to UGX:5 million.[52] The Depositor Insurance Law was enacted by Parliament and states that all depositors must be paid within 90 days of a bank failure and that the failing institution must be sold by the auctioning of its assets within six months of its seizure by the central bank. If the central bank determines that the failed institution will fetch a better economic return, if sold as a whole, then it will re-open under new ownership and management, provided the new owners and managers meet the approval of the BoU.[41]

Credit bureaux

In 2008, the Bank of Uganda registered Compuscan CRB Ltd, a subsidiary of Compuscan, as the first credit reference bureau in the county.[42] In addition to its traditional credit bureau services, Compuscan CRB introduced and maintained the biometric identity smart card system used in the Ugandan financial industry.[43]

With improved credit risk assessment afforded by the credit bureau, new products, including medium and long-term financing like car loans and mortgages, have been introduced by most Ugandan commercial banks. As of April 2014, interest rates that were formerly in the 20 to 30 percent range had dropped to as low as 10 percent for the best customers at some banks.[44]

In 2015, Ugandan regulators licensed an additional credit bureau, Metropol Credit Reference Bureau Limited. Based out of Nairobi, Kenya, Metropol has operations in Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, and Uganda.[45][46]

See also

  • Asset allocation among commercial banks in Uganda
  • List of banks in Africa (Uganda)

References

1. ^1 2 3 {{cite web |title=Library of Congress Country Studies: Uganda Banking | url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?frd/cstdy:@field(DOCID+ug0102) |publisher=Library of Congress Online Catalog |accessdate=20 April 2014}}
2. ^{{cite web | accessdate=9 August 2016 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/High-profile-corruption-scandals-registered-under-NRM/-/688334/1702448/-/item/01/-/myfgc6/-/%2523 | title=High-profile corruption scandals registered under NRM | date=24 February 2013 | first=Faustin | last=Mugabe | newspaper=Daily Monitor | location=Kampala}}
3. ^{{cite web | url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/story/former-bou-governor-suleiman-kiggundu-dies | title=Former BoU Governor Suleiman Kiggundu Dies | date=20 June 2008 | accessdate=8 August 2016 | author=Hellen Ntegyereize | location=Kampala | publisher=Uganda Radio Network}}
4. ^{{cite web |location=London |url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/1604100.stm | title=Uganda's largest bank for sale | date=17 October 2001 | author=BBC News | publisher=British Broadcasting Corporation |accessdate=9 August 2016}}
5. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.the-report.com/reports/uganda/pearl-of-africa-shines/interview-with-patrick-mweheire-ceo-of-stanbic-bank-uganda | title=Uganda: Interview with Patrick Mweheire, CEO of Stanbic Bank Uganda | accessdate=9 August 2016 | date=15 October 2015 | publisher=The-Report.com | work=The Report}}
6. ^{{cite web |date=20 April 2014 | url=http://www.stanbicbank.co.ug | title=About Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited | publisher=Stanbic Bank Uganda Limited | accessdate=20 April 2014}}
7. ^{{cite web|accessdate=9 August 2016 |date= 3 March 2007 | url=http://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1169840/barclays-concludes-nile-bank-takeover |title=Barclays concludes Nile Bank takeover |newspaper=New Vision |first=Sylvia | last=Juuko | location=Kampala}}
8. ^{{cite web |access-date=9 August 2016 |url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=8954 |date=20 December 2006 |title=Barclays Confirms Purchase of Nile Bank |author=URN Reporter |publisher=Uganda Radio Network | location=Kampala}}
9. ^{{cite web|title=Bank of Uganda: Supervision Overview |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/supervision/overview.html |access-date=8 June 2018 |date=8 June 2018 |author=Bank of Uganda |publisher=Bank of Uganda |location=Kampala}}
10. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite web | title=Kenya bank joins Uganda market | accessdate=9 August 2016 |newspaper=Daily Monitor | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Commodities/-/688610/1101312/-/cc4orb/-/index.html | date=4 February 2011 |location=Kampala |first=Isaac |last=Khisa}}
11. ^{{cite web |title=Kenyan Banks Assert Presence in Uganda | accessdate=20 April 2014 | deadurl=yes | url=https://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=3800 | publisher=African Executive | archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131219004724/http://www.africanexecutive.com/modules/magazine/articles.php?article=3800 | archivedate=19 December 2013}}
12. ^{{cite web |accessdate=20 May 2014 | url=http://www.tradeinvestafrica.com/news/148264.htm | title=Nigeria's Bank BHP acquires controlling stake in Orient Bank | date=12 May 2009 | publisher=TradeInvestAfrica | deadurl=yes | archivedate=21 April 2014| archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140421064257/http://www.tradeinvestafrica.com/news/148264.htm }}
13. ^{{cite web |date=3 June 2011 | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/-/688322/1173900/-/3v8h69/-/index.html | title=Banks raise minimum capital to UGX:10 billion | first=Walter | last= Wafula | accessdate=19 April 2016 | location=Kampala | newspaper=Daily Monitor}}
14. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/News/National/688334-1131188-aoj4ogz/index.html |title=Government tightens grip on banks | date=23 March 2011 |access-date=7 June 2018 |location=Kampala |newspaper=Daily Monitor |first=Yasiin |last=Mugerwa}}
15. ^{{cite web |title=Uganda: Banks Should Rethink Expansion Strategies |newspaper=Daily Monitor via AllAfrica.com |first=Nathan | last=Were | date=14 June 2011 | url=http://allafrica.com/stories/201106140651.html | accessdate=20 April 2014 |location=Kampala}}
16. ^{{cite web |first=Tereza | last=Nannozi | title=Banks Rolling In Profits |date=7 April 2011 | url=https://www.independent.co.ug/banks-rolling-profits/ |newspaper=The Independent (Uganda) |access-date=8 June 2018|location=Kampala}}
17. ^{{cite web | publisher=Uganda Radio Network Online | url=http://ugandaradionetwork.com/a/story.php?s=45936 | title=BoU: National Bank of Commerce Was In Financial Mess | date=28 September 2012 | first=David | last=Rupiny | accessdate=19 April 2016}}
18. ^{{cite web |title=Bank of Baroda Goes to Industrial Area | last=Sanya | date=1 November 2012 |access-date=8 June 2018 |newspaper=New Vision |first=Wilfred |url=https://www.newvision.co.ug/new_vision/news/1309538/baroda-goes-industrial |location=Kampala}}
19. ^{{cite web | publisher=Bank of Uganda |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_stability/Rpts/All/Financial_Stability_Report_June_2012.pdf | title=Uganda Financial Stability Report June 2012 | page=9 | accessdate=19 April 2016 |format=PDF |location=Kampala}}
20. ^{{cite web | publisher=Bank of Uganda | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_stability/Rpts/All/Financial-Stability-Report-_Issue-5_-June-2013.pdf | title=Uganda Financial Stability Report June 2013 | page=11 |accessdate=19 April 2016 | format=PDF}}
21. ^{{cite web |date=30 June 2014 |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_stability/Rpts/All/BOU-Financial-Stability-Report-June-2014.pdf | format=PDF | title=Bank of Uganda Financial Stability Report, June 2014: Issue Number 6 | page=7 | accessdate=19 April 2016 |last=BOU | publisher=Bank of Uganda (BOU) |location=Kampala}}
22. ^{{cite web | title=Bank of Uganda: Annual Supervision Report - December 2015: Issue No. 6 |publisher=Bank of Uganda |accessdate=9 August 2016 |author=Bank of Uganda |format=PDF | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/asr/2015/Dec/Annual-Supervision-Report-December-2015.pdf |date=31 December 2015 |location=Kampala}}
23. ^1 {{cite web| access-date=20 June 2018 |url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/publications/Annual_Reports/Rprts/All/Annual-Report-2016-2017.pdf |format=PDF |page=53 |publisher=Bank of Uganda |author=Bank of Uganda |location=Kampala |title=Bank of Uganda Annual Report for the Financial Year 2016/2017 |date=November 2017}}
24. ^{{cite web|access-date=20 June 2018 |date=27 November 2017 |author=Uganda Business News | url=http://ugbusiness.com/4332/2017-was-a-year-of-consolidation-in-the-banking-sector-kasekende |title=2017 was a year of consolidation in the banking sector – Kasekende |publisher=Uganda Business News |location=Kampala}}
25. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/about/departments/NBFI.html | title=Non Banking financial institutions Department (NBFI): Overview | accessdate=8 August 2016 | date=8 August 2016 | publisher=Bank of Uganda (BOU)| author=BOU | location=Kampala}}
26. ^{{cite web | accessdate=8 August 2016 | last=BOU | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_institutions/2016/Information-for-Commercial-Banks-as-at-March-2016.pdf | title=List of Licensed Commercial Banks As At March 2016 | date=31 March 2016 | publisher=Bank of Uganda (BOU) | location=Kampala}}
27. ^1 2 3 {{cite web | accessdate=9 August 2016 | format=PDF | url=http://fic.wharton.upenn.edu/fic/africa/Uganda%20Final.pdf | title=Uganda: Wharton Financial Institutions Center | publisher=Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania | author=Michael Dzineku|display-authors=et al | location=Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA | date=2009 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161012014624/http://fic.wharton.upenn.edu/fic/africa/Uganda%20Final.pdf | archive-date=2016-10-12 | dead-url=yes | df= }}
28. ^{{cite web | accessdate=19 April 2016 | location=Kampala | author=Bank of Uganda | publisher=Bank of Uganda | date=30 June 2015 | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_institutions/2013/UPDATED-LIST-OF-LICENSED-CREDIT-INSTITUTIONS-JUNE-2015.pdf | title=Updated List of Licensed Credit Institutions As At 30 June 2015}}
29. ^{{cite web | url=http://ugbusiness.com/1821/companies/mergers-acquisitions/opportunity-bank-acquired-by-international-fintech-company | title=Opportunity Bank acquired by international fintech company | date=13 October 2016 | website=Uganda Business News | location=Kampala | accessdate=2 February 2017 | author=UBN}}
30. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.postbank.co.ug:441/who-we-are | title=PostBank Uganda: Who We Are | accessdate=9 August 2016 | date=9 August 2016 | publisher=PostBank Uganda (PBU) | author=PBU | location=Kampala}}
31. ^{{cite web| url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_institutions/2017/UPDATED-LIST-OF-LICENSED-CREDIT-INSTITUTIONS-SEPTEMBER-2016.pdf |title=Licensed Credit Institutions As At 30 September 2016 |access-date=10 March 2018|date=30 September 2016 |publisher=Bank of Uganda | author=Bank of Uganda |location=Kampala |format=PDF}}
32. ^{{cite web | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/supervision/financial_institutions.html | title=Microfinance Deposit-Taking Institutions (MDIs) | publisher=Bank of Uganda | accessdate=19 April 2016}}
33. ^{{cite web | title=Bank of Uganda: Annual Supervision Report - December 2015: Issue No. 6 | publisher=Bank of Uganda | accessdate=9 August 2016 | format=PDF | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/asr/2015/Dec/Annual-Supervision-Report-December-2015.pdf | date=31 December 2015 | location=Kampala | author=Bank of Uganda}}
34. ^{{cite web | date=26 February 2014 | url=http://www.observer.ug/business/38-business/30359--letshego-raises-competition-among-microfinance-firms | title=Letshego raises competition among microfinance firms | first=Alon | last=Mwesigwa | accessdate=8 August 2016 | newspaper=The Observer (Uganda) | location=Kampala}}
35. ^{{cite web | author=Press Release | url=http://europa.eu/rapid/press-release_BEI-13-96_en.htm | title=East African businesses to benefit from EUR 101m European Investment Bank support with leading local banks | date=27 June 2013 | accessdate=8 August 2016 | publisher=European Union}}
36. ^{{cite web | date=24 May 1985 | url=http://www.ulii.org/ug/legislation/consolidated-act/52 | title=The East African Development Act of 1985: Chapter 52 | location=Kampala | publisher=Uganda Legal Information Institute (ULII) | author=ULII}}
37. ^{{cite web | accessdate=6 August 2016 | url=http://www.observer.ug/business/38-business/36659-uganda-development-bank-to-focus-on-agriculture-market | title=Uganda Development Bank to focus on agriculture market | last=Moses Mugalu | first=and Samuel Kayiwa | location=Kampala | date=6 March 2015 | newspaper=The Observer (Uganda)}}
38. ^{{cite web | first=David | last=Mugwe | publisher=Business Daily Africa (Nairobi) | title=Ugandan Stockbroker Transfers Kenyans' Share Accounts | date=10 November 2011 | url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Ugandan-stockbroker-transfers-Kenyans-share-accounts/-/539552/1270292/-/u4771jz/-/index.html}}
39. ^{{cite web | date=January 2015 | location=Kampala | url=http://www.ira.go.ug/insurers.html | title=List of Licensed Insurance Companies In Uganda | accessdate=8 August 2016 | last=IRAU | publisher=Insurance Regulatory Authority of Uganda (IRAU)}}
40. ^{{cite web | title=Operational Forex Bureau Outlets As At March 2016 |accessdate=8 August 2016 | date=31 March 2016 | location=Kampala | publisher=Bank of Uganda (BOU) | author=Bank of Uganda | url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/financial_institutions/2016/Licensed-Forex-Bureaus-as-at-15-March-2016.pdf | format=PDF}}
41. ^1 {{cite web | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/Prosper/Why-your-bank-could-be-closed-by-the-regulator/688616-2423030-f164vj/index.html | title=Why your bank could be closed by the regulator | location=Kampala | newspaper=Daily Monitor | author=Ismail Musa Ladu | date=19 August 2014 | accessdate=8 August 2016}}
42. ^{{Cite news|url=https://www.bou.or.ug/bou/bou-downloads/press_releases/2012/Aug/BoU_opens_Credit_Reference_Bureau_xCRBx_market.pdf|title=Bank of Uganda opens Credit Reference Bureau (CRB) market|last=|first=|date=11 December 2017|work=|access-date=}}
43. ^{{Cite web|url=https://www.compuscan.co.za/compuscan-celebrates-5-years-uganda/|title=Compuscan celebrates 5 years in Uganda|last=|first=|date=|website=Compuscan|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171211215128/https://www.compuscan.co.za/compuscan-celebrates-5-years-uganda/|archive-date=2017-12-11|dead-url=yes|access-date=11 December 2017}}
44. ^{{cite web | title=Post Bank unveils new agricultural loans project | first=Justus | last=Lyatuu | date=1 February 2010 | accessdate=21 April 2014 | publisher=Daily Monitor | url=http://www.monitor.co.ug/Business/-/688322/853176/-/efxnewz/-/index.html}}
45. ^{{cite web | accessdate=17 March 2015 | date=16 March 2015 | first=George | url=http://www.businessdailyafrica.com/Kenya-s-Metropol-gets-Uganda-credit-referencing-licence-/-/539552/2655508/-/item/0/-/5qd56kz/-/index.html|last=Ngigi | title=Kenya's Metropol gets Uganda credit referencing licence | newspaper=Business Daily Africa | location=Nairobi}}
46. ^{{cite web | url=http://www.theeastafrican.co.ke/business/Metropol-gets-licence-to-start-Uganda-operations-/-/2560/2974324/-/gxd493/-/index.html | title=Kenyan credit bureau Metropol gets licence to start Uganda operations | accessdate=27 November 2015 | date=27 November 2015 | first=David | last=Herblin | newspaper=The EastAfrican | location=Nairobi}}

External links

  • The First Bank In Uganda
  • [https://www.summitbusiness.net/112-banking/1685-banks-in-2014-winners-and-losers Ugandan Banks in 20114: Winners and Losers]
  • Uganda: Commercial Banks Reeling
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20150926184736/http://www.busiweek.com/index1.php?Ctp=2&pI=413&pLv=3&srI=68&spI=107&cI=10 Mixed Bag of Banking Stars:January 2014]
  • Overview of Uganda's Banking Sector In September 2013
  • Ugandan Banks Swimming In Profits In 2011
  • [https://web.archive.org/web/20120406072119/http://redpepper.co.ug/welcome/?p=6280 Most Ugandan Banks Had A Profitable 2010]
  • Overview of Uganda Banking Sector April 2010
  • Resurgence of Uganda's Banking Sector
  • UBA Uganda had US$77 million in Assets in 2008 & 130 Employees
  • Bank of Uganda Raises Minimum Capital For Commercial Banks From US$2 Million To US$12.5 Million (UGX:4 Billion To UGX:25 Billion)
  • Bank of Uganda Working To Establish Islamic Banking In 2012
{{Uganda topics}}{{Africa topic|Banking in}}{{DEFAULTSORT:Banking In Uganda}}

2 : Banking in Uganda|Financial services companies of Uganda
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