| 词条 | Barbara Weir |
| 释义 |
| image = | name = Barbara Weir | imagesize = | caption = | birth_name = | birth_date = {{birth-date|c.1945}} | birth_place = near Utopia, Northern Territory | death_date = | death_place = | nationality = Australian | field = Painting | training = | movement = Contemporary Indigenous Australian art | works = | patrons = | influenced by = Minnie Pwerle Emily Kngwarreye | influenced = | awards = }} Barbara (originally Florrie)[1] Weir (born c. 1945) is an Australian Aboriginal{{#tag:ref|Weir has self-identified as Aboriginal and is recognised by her community as such. The term has been used in the High Court of Australia to mean "a person of Aboriginal descent, albeit mixed, who identifies himself as such and who is recognised by the Aboriginal community as an Aboriginal ..."[2] This definition is widely accepted and has its origins in work of the Australian Department of Aboriginal Affairs in the 1980s.[3] Being Aboriginal or Indigenous has nothing to do with skin colour;[4] a key element is self-identification and Indigenous community recognition.[5] |group=notes}} artist and politician. One of the Stolen Generations, she was removed from her aboriginal family and raised in a series of foster homes. After becoming reunited with her mother in the 1960s and divorced in 1977, Weir eventually returned to her family territory of Utopia, {{convert|300|km}} northeast of Alice Springs. She became active in the local land rights movement of the 1970s and was elected the first woman president of the Indigenous Urapunta Council in 1985. She did not begin painting until 1989 at about age 45, but she became recognised as a notable artist of Central Australia. Her work has been exhibited and collected by major institutions. She also has managed her mother's career; since Minnie Pwerle began painting in 2000, her work has become popular. Early life and educationBarbara Weir was born about 1945 at Bundey River Station, a cattle station in the Utopia region (called Urupunta in the local Aboriginal language) of the Northern Territory. Her parents were Minnie Pwerle, an Aboriginal woman, and Jack Weir, a married Irish man[6] described by one source as a pastoral station owner,[7] by a second as "an Irish Australian man who owned a cattle run called Bundy River Station",[8] but by another as an Irish stockman.[9] Under the anti-miscegenation racial laws of the time, their relationship was illegal, and the two were jailed. Weir died not long after his release.[9] Pwerle named their daughter Barbara Weir. Weir was partly raised by Pwerle's sister-in-law Emily Kngwarreye. (After age 80, Kngwarreye took up art and became a prominent artist.[10][11]) Weir grew up in the area until about age nine. One of the Stolen Generations, she was forcibly removed from her Aboriginal family by officials; the family believed she was later killed. This was done under the Aborigines Protection Amending Act 1915, government or assigned officers were authorized in the territories to take half-caste children to be raised in British institutions to assimilate them to European culture.[12] Some, like Weir, were "fostered out", and she grew up in a series of foster homes in Alice Springs, Victoria, and Darwin.[14] Boys were usually prepared for manual jobs and girls for domestic service.[12] Marriage and familyIn Darwin, at age 18 and working as a maid, Weir married Mervyn Torres.[8] It was Torres who in 1963[8] or 1968,[6][9] when passing through Alice Springs, asked someone about Weir's mother; he discovered that Pwerle was alive and living at Utopia.[8] Mother and daughter were reunited but, although Weir regularly visited her family at Utopia, she did not form a close bond with her mother at first.[13] Weir and Torres had six children before the marriage ended in 1977.[6] She moved permanently to Utopia with her mother and family.[13] As of 2000 she had thirteen grandchildren.[9][14][15] Political careerWeir was active in the local land rights movement of the 1970s, working to recover Aboriginal territory. She was elected as the first woman president of the Indigenous Urapunta Council in 1985.[14] As of 2008 she was living in Alice Springs.[8] Artistic careerIn midlife, Weir began to explore Aboriginal artistic traditions. She first painted in 1989 at the age of about 45. Five years later in 1994, she was one of a group of ten Utopia women who travelled to study batik in Indonesia.[16] Her paintings include representations of particular plants and "dreamings", inspired by deep Aboriginal traditions. It has been exhibited and collected by major institutions. Art expert Jenny Green has commented, "In some of her paintings residual traces of women's ceremonial designs are almost entirely obscured by the heavy textural application of natural ochres."[17] After Weir's mother Minnie Pwerle took up painting on 2000, she quickly became a successful artist.[1] Weir played a significant role in managing her mother's artistic career, including regularly preventing her from being "kidnapped" by people wanting the aging artist to paint for them.[1][7] Major collections
Notes1. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=McCulloch|first=Susan|year=2005|title=Late bloomer [Profile of artist Minnie Pwerle]|journal=Australian Art Collector|volume=32|issue=Apr–Jun 2005|pages=84–88}} 2. ^Dean, J (1984) Tasmania v Commonwealth. 158 CLR. p. 243. 3. ^{{cite journal|last=Gardiner-Garden |first=John |date=5 December 2000 |title=The Definition of Aboriginality |journal=Department of the Parliamentary Library Research Note |volume=18 |url=http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/rn/2000-01/01RN18.htm |accessdate=2 June 2010 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20100420084418/http://www.aph.gov.au/library/pubs/RN/2000-01/01RN18.htm |archivedate=20 April 2010 |deadurl=yes |df= }} 4. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.whatworks.edu.au/dbAction.do?cmd=displaySitePage1&subcmd=select&id=369|title=Who can identify as an Indigenous Australian person?|work=What Works: The Work Program|publisher=Department of Education, Employment and Workplace Relations|accessdate=1 June 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.whatworks.edu.au%2FdbAction.do%3Fcmd%3DdisplaySitePage1%26subcmd%3Dselect%26id%3D369&date=2010-09-19|archivedate=20 September 2010}} 5. ^{{cite web|url=http://www.wipce2008.com/enews/pdf/wipce_fact_sheet_21-10-07.pdf |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080719060806/http://www.wipce2008.com/enews/pdf/wipce_fact_sheet_21-10-07.pdf |dead-url=yes |archive-date=19 July 2008 |title=Who are indigenous peoples? |work=Indigenous peoples, Indigenous voices: factsheet |publisher=United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues |accessdate=1 June 2010 }} 6. ^1 2 {{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2004/07/14/1089694407829.html|title=Joining dots on the way to Utopia|last=Usher|first=Robin|date=15 July 2004|work=The Age|accessdate=13 July 2010}} 7. ^1 {{cite book|last=McCulloch|first=Alan|author2=Susan McCulloch |author3=Emily McCulloch Childs |title=The new McCulloch's Encyclopedia of Australian Art|page=139|publisher=Aus Art Editions in association with The Miegunyah Press|location=Fitzroy, VIC|year=2006|isbn=0-522-85317-X}} 8. ^1 2 3 4 {{cite book|last=Fortescue|first=Elizabeth|author2=Werner Obermeier|title=Art of Utopia|publisher=Boomerang Art|location=Adelaide, SA|year=2008|pages=91–92}} 9. ^1 2 3 {{cite news|url=http://www.smh.com.au/news/arts/spirited-away-but-with-a-happy-ending/2006/11/16/1163266707195.html?page=fullpage|title=Spirited away, but with a happy ending|last=Lacey|first=Stephen|date=18 November 2006|work=The Sydney Morning Herald|accessdate=13 July 2010}} 10. ^{{cite news|url=http://www.theage.com.au/news/arts-reviews/the-pwerle-sisters/2006/02/17/1140151801265.html|title=The Pwerle Sisters|last=Beck|first=Chris|date=18 February 2006|work=The Age|accessdate=15 December 2009}} 11. ^{{cite news|title=Emily in Japan Part 1 |work=Message Stick|date=26 July 2009|publisher=Australian Broadcasting Corporation|url=http://www.abc.net.au/tv/messagestick/stories/s2635673.htm |accessdate=13 July 2010|archiveurl=https://www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Ftv%2Fmessagestick%2Fstories%2Fs2635673.htm&date=2010-09-19|archivedate=20 September 2010}} 12. ^1 {{cite book |last=Read |first=Peter |title=The Stolen Generations: The Removal of Aboriginal Children in New South Wales 1883 to 1969 |publisher=Department of Aboriginal Affairs (New South Wales government) |year=1981 |url=http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf |isbn=0-646-46221-0 |format=PDF |deadurl=yes |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20120409231929/http://www.daa.nsw.gov.au/publications/StolenGenerations.pdf |archivedate=2012-04-09 }} 13. ^1 2 {{cite journal|last=Geissler|first=Marie|year=2006|title=A recovered heritage|journal=Craft Arts International|volume=66|pages=36–39}} 14. ^1 {{cite book|last=King|first=Victoria|editor=Sylvia Kleinert and Margo Neale|title=The Oxford Companion to Aboriginal Art and Culture|year=2000|publisher=Oxford University Press|location=Melbourne|isbn=0-19-550649-9|page=736|chapter=Barbara Weir}} 15. ^{{cite book|last=Fortescue|first=Elizabeth|author2=Werner Obermeier|title=Art of Utopia|publisher=Boomerang Art|location=Adelaide, SA|year=2008|pages=6–17}} 16. ^1 2 3 4 5 {{cite book|last=Birnberg|first=Margo|author2=Janusz Kreczmanski|title=Aboriginal Artist Dictionary of Biographies: Australian Western, Central Desert and Kimberley Region|publisher=J.B. Publishing|page=434|location=Marleston, South Australia|year=2004|isbn=1-876622-47-4}} 17. ^{{cite book|last=Green|first=Jenny|editor=Hetti Perkins & Margie West|title=One Sun One Moon: Aboriginal Art in Australia|year=2007|publisher=Art Gallery of New South Wales|location=Sydney|page=206|isbn=978-0-7347-6360-0|chapter=Holding the country: art from Utopia and the Sandover}} References{{reflist}}External links
11 : 1945 births|Australian Aboriginal artists|Australian indigenous rights activists|Living people|Members of the Stolen Generations|People from the Northern Territory|20th-century women artists|20th-century Australian painters|21st-century Australian artists|21st-century Australian painters|21st-century women artists |
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